Gis Apllication

ISSN (Print): 2278-8948, Volume-2, Issue-5, 2013

23

Application of GIS And GPS in Distribution Power Sector

Anil Kumar, Arun M Shandilya & S. K. Katiyar

Manit Bhopal

E-mail : [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - With the advancement in Software and IT

sector, our electricity utility is going to be much more

benefited in power system planning and management. The

main objective of a utility is to supply the power demand

with good quality of service but unfortunately we are

unable to do so due to uneven and variable load condition.

This had led to advance in new methods which can make

effective changes in solving the intricacy of electrical

distribution system. This paper shows the application of

new and emerging technologies like GIS (geographic

information system) and GPS (global positioning system)

which are capable of carrying out complex online and

offline power system analysis like Load flow analysis, Load

forecasting, Route optimization, supply control

distribution planning etc. using shortest path algorithm all

this we can do in a software called ARCGIS 9.3.

Keywords - ARCGIS 9.3, Geographical Information System,

(GIS) Global Position System (GPS).

I. INTRODUCTION

The present situation shows that the Distribution

sector in India is the weakest area compared to

Generation & Transmission. It directly affects the

consumer because most of the losses and faults occur in

this particular area. Due to insufficient attention in

transmission & distribution losses the situation is worse

in some rural areas. The average T&D losses are

currently at 28%[3] by the year 2012.Lack of proper

administration & power theft are some common reasons

for the high losses. Thus the present distribution system

requires to be upgraded to minimize the loss. Also by

applying GIS we can reduce the distribution planning

cost by reducing the material cost through Optimum

feeder path.

GIS - It is a digital representation of consumers,

network elements & important landmarks on a geo

referenced map, with their attributes stored in a

database, OR we can say that it is a system used to

capture, store ,analyze and managing data and attributes

associated with it which are referenced to the earth. In

GIS software all information regarding physical

attribute are represented with the help of lines, points or

polygons in a geo referenced map.

GPS - A global positioning system is an artificial

satellite based navigation used to get the exact location

of any physical object in term of latitude & longitude

with the help of a GPS device

II. WHY GIS IN POWER SECTOR

1. VISUALIZATION TOOL- A conceptual model of

a GIS provides a useful way to visualize both

physical & electrical layer in a single screen

registered together to a common base map or

geographic area. Each layer typically contains one

type of data only.

2. FLEXIBILITY IN ANALYSIS - With GIS, one can

easily manipulate and carry out different task

related to power system planning & management of

electricity with efficient results. Such as planning or

updating a new distribution network.

3. When new facilities are installed, GIS database can

be updated easily to accommodate new features.

4. Thus map revision and digital mapping become

easy in GIS Environment.

5. It is useful in planning a routine maintenance.

6. Customers enquiries can be handled easily.

7. Sharing of data among different users like Urban

Planners, Construction Managers, Civil Engineers

is also Possible

8. Ready-to-use tools.

III. APPLICATION IN POWER SECTOR

Database management.

GIS based Electrical network mapping.

Optimum feeder path.[2]

GIS based Consumer database indexing.

International Journal of Advanced Electrical and Electronics Engineering, (IJAEEE)


24

Metering, Billing & Collection Efficiency.

Selection of optimal conductors.

Energy audit and accounting practices.

Load Flow analysis.

Supervisory control & Data acquisition (SCADA).

System & Distribution Automation.

Maintenance management System.

Management Information System.

Load forecasting and load planning

Inventory control.

IV. METHODOLOGY

FIELD SURVEY

DATA ORGANIZATION

DATA IMPORT & LAYER CREATION

ANALLYSIS

ATTRIBUTE TABLE

V. SOFTWARE USED

ARC GIS 9.3

GPS DEVICE

GOOGLE EARTH

VI. INTRODUCTION TO ARC GIS & GPS

ARC GIS- It is a software designed & developed by

ESRI & it consists of 3 GIS software products:

1. ARC VIEW

2. ARC EDITOR

3. ARC INFO

VII. FIELD SURVEY

It consists of capturing geographical coordinates

(latitude & longitude) of electrical elements like Poles,

Transformer, HT & LT cables. With the help of a

portable GPS device in decimal degrees format.

VIII. DATA ORGANIZATION

This process consist of two steps-

1. Arranging & placing all the coordinates in

Microsoft Excel Document.

2. Saving them with file extension-CSV (comma

delimited).

FIG: excel data in CSV format

IX. TYPE OF LAYER DATA

X. VECTOR LAYER

XI. GEOREFRENCING

It is a process of defining the coordinate of a map

image so that it get correctly placed concurrently with

other different shape file placed in ARC MAP window.

PROCEDURE - It require a map application like

GOOGLE EARTH

Step 1: Open arc catalogue & edit the spatial

property of map WGS 1984

Step 2: Import map image in arc map.

Step 3: Point & select at least 3 locations & input

the actual (X &Y) field taken Google earth.



25

Fig: Geo referenced Map

XII. DATA IMPORT & LAYER CREATION

This is the stage we just import all the different

layer, shape file & base map using ADD DATA button

in ARC GIS desktop.

S

NO

SHAPE

FILE TYPE

FILE EXTENSION

&

DISCRIPTION

1 POINT

1) .shp- Point Data in ARC GIS

2) .gpx-GPS Exchange

Format

3) .kml- Keyhole Markup

Language

4) .lyr- Layer Data in ARC GIS

2 LINE

3 POLYGON

TABLE: Shape File Description

XIII. SCREEN SHOTS

Fig: Base Map

Fig: Road Shape File

Fig: Location of Transformer in Point Shape File

Fig: Location of Poles in Point Shape File



26

Fig: Location of Buildings in Polygon Shape File

Fig: Final Screen Showing All Shape File

XIV. CREATING ATTRIBUTE TABLE

1. Network database indexing.

2. Creation of customer database linked to HT & LT

lines.

3. All consumers are given a unique CIN (Consumer

Index Number).

4. All network elements are identified and their

technical Attributes are recorded in a ARC GIS 9.3.

XV. CONCLUSION

1. Better customer services

2. Reduction of technical losses

3. Energy audit and accounting

4. Trouble call management

5. Real time operation of distribution network

6. Better revenue protection

7. Long term distribution planning etc.

XVI. REFRENCES

[1] Philip Smith, Virgilio Centeno, Jaime De La Ree,

Mapping The Electrical Influence Of Distributed Generation On Radial Distribution

Networks Using Geographic Information

Systems, Securing Critical Infrastructures, Grenoble on October 2004.

[2] Priyanka Dixit, J.D.Sharma, M.K.Singhal, Gis And Gps Based Preliminary Distribution System

Planning, NCEEERE 2008.

[3] Planning Commission Of India.

[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gps.

Gis Apllication

Documents

Transcript of Gis Apllication