Presented by Dr. Sudhakar KokateDirector PPRC, India

Ginger: Zingiber officinale

in the light of

Advanced Medical Research

GINGER

PPRC/INDIA 01

GINGER

World’s healthiest food

Family: Zingiberaceae

Fresh ginger yellow, white or red in colour

depending on variety covered with brownish

thick or thin skin

PPRC/INDIA 02

GINGER

PPRC/INDIA 03

GINGER

1 tbs ginger slices = 6.00 gm wt.

Native to South eastern Asia. Nowadays

cultivated all over the globe

Pungent spicy used in dishes, fruits and

vegetarian dishes

PPRC/INDIA 04

GINGER

Ginger is knotted, thick beige underground

upto 12” above ground with long narrow

green leaves and white / yellowish green

flowers

Used as delicacy, medicine / spice

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Ginger preservation process

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Country-wise importance

Quite essential ingredient of Chinese,

Korean and Japanese and many South Asian

cuisines for flavouring dishes such as fish,

meat and vegetarian cuisine

Western countries use in sweet foods

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Country-wise importance

Western countries’ cuisines: ginger ale,

ginger bread, garlic snaps, Parkin ginger,

biscuits and Speculaas

Ginger flavoured liquor produced in Jamac,

France, ginger wine in UK

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Country-wise importance

Served in green bottle and hot tea, coffee

In India used in almost all dishes. Ginger tea

in winter. Veg, non-veg preparations ‘Kotlu’

esp. for pregnant women mixture of gums,

resin, ghee, ginger, nuts and sugar

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Country-wise importance

Bangladesh: Paste in fish, meat dishes along

with onion and garlic

Burma: ginger called Gyin, is used for

cooking, traditional medicine, salad Gyin-

thot

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Country-wise importance

Indonesia: ginger root recipes

Malaysia: soup prep

Philippines: local dishes & brewed in Sarbat

Vietnam: chopped ginger to shrimp & Yam

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Country-wise importance

China: sliced whole ginger with fresh meat,

herbal tea and soup

Japan: ginger pickled to make beni shoga,

gari, tofu and noodles, candy – shoga no sato

zuke

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Country-wise importance

Korea: ginger minced / juiced spicy paste

Caribbean: spice, drinks

Jamaicans: ginger beer, carbonated beverage,

tea and cake

Arabia: mostly ginger tea

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Leading ginger producing countries (2010)

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World production June 2008

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India 380,100

China 331,100

Indonesia 192,500

Nepal 174,268

Thailand 170,125

Nigeria 152,106

Bangladesh 72,608

Japan 52,000

Philippines 27,415

Cameron 12,000

Data in tonnes

Ginger production

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Ginger production in India

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Nutritional value of Ginger

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Energy 333 KJ / 80 Kcal

Carbohydrate 17.17 g

Sugars 1.7 g

Dietary fibre 2 g

Fat 0.75 g

Proteins 1.32 g

Thiamine B1 0.025 mg

Riboflavin B2 0.034 mg

Data for 100 gm

Nutritional value of Ginger

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Niacin (Vit. B3) 0.75 mg

Pantothenic acid (Vit. B5) 0.203 mg

Vit. B6 0.15 mg

Folic acid (Vit. B9) 11 microgm

Vit. C 5 mg

Vit. E 0.26 mg

Calcium 16 mg

Data for 100 gm

Nutritional value of Ginger

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Iron 0.6 mg

Magnesium 43 mg

Manganese 0.229 mg

Phosphorus 34 mg

Potassium 415 mg

Sodium 13 mg

Zinc 0.34 mg

Data for 100 gm

Healing power of Ginger

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High blood pressure Heart diseases

Stomach upset Painful M.C.

Dysmenorrhoea Motion sickness

Migraines Osteoarthritis

Vomiting Gastrointestinal problems

Nausea Intestinal spasmolytic

Healing power of Ginger

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Colorectal cancer Inflammation of colon

Ovarian cancer Liver damages

Cough Digestive nausea

Bronchi Bowel movements

Muscle pain Asthma & respiration

Skin burns Kidney problems

Forms of Ginger

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Fresh ginger Ginger powder

Preserved ginger Ginger oil

Dry ginger Ginger oleoresin

Fresh Ginger

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Preserved Ginger

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Preserved Ginger

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Ginger preserved in syrup

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Ginger preserved in alcohol

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Stem preserved ginger

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Crystallized ginger candy

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Dry Ginger

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Dried Ginger slices

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Ginger powder

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Ginger oil

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Ginger oleoresin

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Bioactive constituents

Volatile oils: bisabolene, cineol,

phellandrene, citral, borneol, citronellol

geranial, linalool, limonene, zingiberal,

zingiberene, camphene

Oleoresin: gingerols, shogaols

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Bioactive constituents

Phenol: gingeol, zingerone

Ginger protease / proteolytic enzymes:

zingibain

Vit. A, B complex, Vit. C, Calcium,

Minerals and many more

Ref: Bruneton 1995

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Recipes

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Ginger beer

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Beni shoga

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Burmese ginger salad

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Caramel ginger shrimp

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Carrot ginger soup

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Chicken ginger soup

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Christmas gingersnap cookies

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Eggless ginger-choco mousse

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Ginger ale

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Ginger beef

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Ginger bread

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Ginger cake

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Ginger curry

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Ginger fish

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Ginger tea

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Ginger Yam salad

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Gingerbread cookies

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Homemade ginger liqueurs

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Inji – Ginger curry

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Japanese pickled ginger

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Lemon-Ginger noodles

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Mango-Ginger curry with shrimp

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Meat ginger

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Nilava Allam Pachadi - Ginger pickle

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Parkin

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Shiroi neko

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Speculaas

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Sushi gari

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Tofu (with ginger)

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Wild ginger curry

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Ginger wine

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Medical research: GINGER

After experimentation, bioactive chemicals

of ginger possess following properties

1. Cardiotonic

2. Antilipennic

3. Gastroprotective

4. Antiemetic

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Medical research: GINGER

Gingerol possess inotropic and chronotropic

effects and enhance contraction of guinea pigs

atrial muscle (Borrelli et. al. 2004)

Ginger extract have antilipemic effects by

reducing high Lipid levels & artherogenesis fed

with high cholesterol dicts (Bhandari et. al. 1998)

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Medical research: GINGER

Ginger extract significantly impair cholesterol

biosynthesis thereby lowering serum

cholesterol levels (Fuhrmann et. al. 2000)

5 gms of daily ginger supplement inhibited

platelet aggression by ADP (Verma et. al. 1993)

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Medical research: GINGER

Ginger at a dose 100 mg / kg reduced

carrageenan induced edema in rats (Jana et. al.

1999)

Mascolo and coworkers (1989) reported anti-

inflammatory and analgesic activities of ginger

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Medical research: GINGER

Chinese study with 113 patients having

rheumatic & chronic lower back pain when

injected 5-10% ginger extract to painful parts

decreased swelling & recovery in Joint

function (Suekawa 1984)

PPRC/INDIA 74

Medical research: GINGER

Oral administration of powdered ginger to

patients with rheumatism & musculoskeletal

disorders shown relief with varying degree

from pain & swelling (Shrivastava 1992)

PPRC/INDIA 75

Medical research: GINGER

Sukowa 1984 shown analgesic & anti-pyretic

properties for ginger

Saxe et. al. 1987 - sedative properties

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Medical research: GINGER

Mustafa et. al. 1990 – in one study 42 yrs old

woman with a 16 yr history of migraine

experienced enormous relief after

supplementing her diet with 1.5 - 2 gm of

dried ginger daily

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Medical research: GINGER

Neuro protective in various behavioural

tasks: Hasenohrl 1996

Ejechi et. al. 1998 showed ginger extract

showed anti-fungal potential

Micklefield et. al. 1999: Antiemetic property

PPRC/INDIA 78

Medical research: GINGER

Ginger as a behavioural radio-protector

Anti-oxidant property of ginger helps in

treating cancer patients

PPRC/INDIA 79

Medical research: GINGER

Kaul et. al. 2001 - Better anti-emetics in treating

headache, constipation, trouble sleeping,

restlessness, involuntary movements

Sharma et. al. 2005 - Ginger possesses good

potential for mitigating radiation

PPRC/INDIA 80

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