Giles of Rome (Egidio Colonna). Rule in time of war (De regimine principum, Bk 3rd, pt 3rd, 1295)

8/7/2019 Giles of Rome (Egidio Colonna). Rule in time of war (De regimine principum, Bk 3rd, pt 3rd, 1295)

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Egidio Colonna

(1243-1316)

Del governo in tempo di guerra

1295


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Domenico Elvezio Bartolucci, vita di Egidio Colonna, in "Tre illustri Scrittori del medio evo",appendice a Della Milizia marittima degli antichi fino al perfezionamento delle artiglierie , Firenze,

Coi tipi di G. B. Campolmi, 1859


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Catholic Encyclopedia

(gidius a Colonna)

A Scholastic philosopher andtheologian, b. about the middle of the thirteenth century, probably 1247, inRome; hencethe name GIDIUS ROMANUS, or GILES OF ROME, by which name he is generally known; d. atAvignon, 22 Dec.,1316.Having entered the Order of theHermits of St. Augustineat Rome, he was sent toParis for his philosophicalandtheologicalstudies, and became there the disciple of Thomas Aquinas. Egidio Colonna was the first Augustinianappointed to teach in theUniversity of Paris, and his deep learning earned for him the title of Doctor fundatissimus . In1281, at the Thirty-sixth Council of Paris, in which several differences between bishopsand mendicant orderswerearranged, the he sided with the bishopsagainst the regulars. Referring to this, a contemporary philosopher , Godfrey of Fontaines, mentioned him as the most renownedtheologianof the whole city (qui modo melior de tot vill in omnibusreputatur). King Philip III entrusted to him theeducationof his son, who later, in 1285, ascended the throne asPhilipIV. When the new king, after hiscoronationat Reims, enteredParis, Egidio gave the address of welcome in the name of the university, insisting on justiceas the most important virtue of a king. (For the text, see Ossinger, in work cited below.) Some time before this several of his opinions had been found reprehensible by Archbishop Etienne Tempier of Paris, and in 1285 PopeHonorius IVasked him for a public retractation. This, however, was far from lessening hisreputation, for in 1287 adecreeof the general chapter of the Augustinians held inFlorence, after remarking thatEgidio'sdoctrine"shines throughout the whole world" (venerabilis magistri nostri gidii doctrina mundum universumillustrat), commanded all members of the order to accept and defend all his opinions, written or to be written. After filling several important positions in his order he was elected superior-general in 1292. Three years later Pope BonifaceVIIIappointed himArchbishopof Bourges, France, although Jean de Savigny had already been designated for this see byPope Celestine V. The French nobility protested on the ground that Colonna was an Italian, but his appointment wasmaintained and approved by the king. He was present at the Council of Vienne (1311-1312) in which the Order of Knights Templarswas suppressed.The writings of Egidio Colonna cover the fields of philosophyandtheology. There is no complete edition of his works, but several treatises have been published separately. InHoly Scriptureand theologyhe wrote commentaries on the"Hexaemeron", the "Canticle of Canticles", and the "Epistle to the Romans"; several "Opuscula" and "Quodlibeta",various treatises, and especially commentaries onPeter the Lombard's"Four Books of Sentences". In philosophy, besides commentaries on almost all the works of Aristotle, he wrote several special treatises. But his main work is thetreatise "De regimine principum", written for, and dedicated to, his pupil,Philip IV. It passed through many editions(the first, Augsburg, 1473) and was translated into several languages. The Roman edition of 1607 contains a life of Egidio. The work is divided into three books: the first treats of the individual conduct of the king, the nature of histrue happiness, the choice and acquisition of virtues, and the ruling of passions; the second deals withfamilylife and therelations with wife, children, and servants; the third considers the State, its origin, and the proper mode of governing intimes of peace andwar . Egidio's pedagogical writings have been published in German by Kaufmann (Freiburg, 1904).The attitude of Egidio Colonna in the difficulties betweenPope Boniface VIIIandKing Philip IVwas long believed tohave been favourable to the king. But the contrary is now certain, since it has been provedthat he is the author of thetreatise "De potestate ecclesiastic", in which therightsof the popeare vindicated. The similarity between this treatiseand theBull"Unam Sanctam" seems to support the view taken by some writers that Egidio was the author of theBull.He had already taken an active part in ending the discussions and controversies concerning the validity of Boniface's election to the papacy. In his treatise "De renunciatione Pap sive Apologia pro Bonifacio VIII" he shows thelegitimacy of Celestine's resignation and consequently of Boniface'selection. In philosophy andtheologyhe generallyfollows the opinions of his master,St. Thomas, whose works he quotes as scripta communia ; The "Defensorium seuCorrectorium corruptorii librorum Sancti Thom Acquinatis" against theFranciscanWilliam de la Mare of Oxford is by some attributed to Egidio; but this remains uncertain. Nevertheless, on many points he holds independent views andabandons theThomistic doctrineto follow the opinions of St. Augustine and of theFranciscanSchool. He even errs inasserting that, before the fall, grace had not been given to Adam, an opinion which he wrongly attributes to St.Augustine. After thedecreeof the general chapter of 1287, mentioned above, the opinions of Egidio Colonna weregenerally accepted in the Augustinian Order. He thus became the founder of the gidian School. Among the most prominent representatives of thisschoolmust be mentioned Giocamo Capoccio of Viterbo(d. 1307) and AugustinusTriumphus (d. 1328), both contemporaries of Egidio, and also students and professors in theUniversity of Paris;Prosper of Reggio, Albert of Padua, Gerard of Siena, Henry of Frimar,Thomas of Strasburg all in the first half of thefourteenth century. For some time after this other opinions prevailed in the Augustinian Order. But as late as theseventeenth century should be mentioned Raffaello Bonherba (d. 1681) who wrote "Disputationes totius philosophi in quibus omnes philosophic inter D. Thomam et Scotum controversi principaliter cum doctrin nostri gidiiColumn illustrantur" (Palermo, 1645, 1671); and Augustino Arpe (d. 704) who wrote "Summa totius theologi gidii


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Column" (Bologna, 1701, andGenoa, 1704). Federico Nicol Gavardi (d. 1715), the most important interpreter of Colonna, composed "Theologia exantiquata iuxta orthodoxam S. P. Augustini doctrinam ab gidio Column doctorfundatissimo expositam " (6 vols. fol., Naples and Rome, 1683-1696); this work was abridged by AnselmHrmannseder in his "Hecatombe theologica" (Presburg, 1737). Benignus Sichrowsky (d. 1737) wrote also"Philosophia vindicata ad erroribus philosophorum gentilium iuxta doctrinam S. Augustini et B. gidii Column"(Nuremberg, 1701).

Giles of RomeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Giles of Rome (Latin gidius Romanus , or in Italian Egidio Colonna) (c. 1243 22 December 1316, atAvignon), wasan archbishop of Bourgeswho was famed for hislogiciancommentary on theOrganon by Aristotle. Giles wasstyled Doctor Fundatissimus ("Best-Grounded Teacher") byPope Benedict XIV. He was Prior General of theAugustinian order, and also authored two other important works, De Ecclesiastica Potestate , a major text of early 14th century papalism, and De Regimine Principum , a guide book for princes. Writers in 14th and 15th century England such asJohnTrevisaandThomas Hocclevetranslated or adapted him into English.Early lifeHaving entered theOrder of the Hermits of St. Augustineat Rome, he was sent to Paris for his philosophical andtheological studies, and became there the disciple of Thomas Aquinas. He was the first Augustinian appointed to teachin theUniversity of Paris. In 1281, at the Thirty-sixth Council of Paris, in which several differences between bishopsand mendicant orderswere arranged, he sided with the bishops against the regulars. Referring to this, a contemporary philosopher,Godfrey of Fontainesmentioned him as the most renowned theologian of the whole city (qui modo melior de tot vill in omnibus reputatur ). Philip III of Franceentrusted to him the education of his son, who later, in 1285,ascended the throne asPhilip IV. When the new king, after his coronation atReims, entered Paris, Giles gave theaddress of welcome in the name of the university, insisting on justice as the most important virtue of a king. (For thetext, see Ossinger, in work cited below.)Controversy Giles was involved in thecondemnation of 1277promulgated bytienne Tempier . Several of his opinionshad been found reprehensible by Archbishop Tempier, and in 1285 PopeHonorius IVasked him for a public retraction.This, however, was far from lessening his reputation, for in 1287 a decree of the general chapter of the Augustiniansheld in Florence, after remarking that Giles's doctrine "shines throughout the whole world" (venerabilis magistri nostri

gidii doctrina mundum universum illustrat ), commanded all members of the order to accept and defend all hisopinions, written or to be written. After filling several important positions in his order he was electedsuperior-general in 1292. Three years later Pope Boniface VIIIappointed him Archbishop of Bourges, France, althoughJean de Savigny had already been designated for thisseeby Pope Celestine V. The French nobility protested on the ground that Colonnawas an Italian, but his appointment was maintained and approved by the king. He was present at theCouncil of Vienne (1311-1312) in which theOrder of Knights Templarswas suppressed.Works His writings cover the fields of philosophy and theology. There is no complete edition of his works, but severaltreatises have been published separately. In Holy Scripture and theology he wrote commentaries on the Hexaemeron ,the Canticle of Canticles , and the Epistle to the Romans ; severalOpuscula and Quodlibeta, various treatises, andespecially commentaries onPeter the Lombard's Four Books of Sentences. In philosophy, besides commentaries onalmost all the works of Aristotle, he wrote several special treatises. But his main work is the treatise De regimine

principum, written for, and dedicated to, his pupil, Philip IV. It passed through many editions (the first, Augsburg,1473) and was translated into several languages. The Roman edition of 1607 contains a life of Egidio. The work isdivided into three books: the first treats of the individual conduct of the king, the nature of his true happiness, the choiceand acquisition of virtues, and the ruling of passions; the second deals with family life and the relations with wife,children, and servants; the third considers the State, its origin, and the proper mode of governing in times of peace andwar. His pedagogical writings have been published in German by Kaufmann (Freiburg, 1904). His attitude in thedifficulties between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV was long believed to have been favourable to the king. Butit has been proved that he is the author of the treatise De potestate ecclesiastic, in which the rights of the pope arevindicated. The similarity between this treatise and the bull Unam Sanctam seems to support the view taken by somewriters that he was the author of the bull. He had already taken an active part in ending the discussions andcontroversies concerning the validity of Boniface's election to the papacy. In his treatise De renunciatione Pap sive

Apologia pro Bonifacio VIII he shows the legitimacy of Celestine's resignation and consequently of Boniface's election.In philosophy and theology he generally follows the opinions of his master, St. Thomas, whose works he quotes as

scripta communia. The Defensorium seu Correctorium corruptorii librorum Sancti Thom Acquinatis against theFranciscanWilliam de la Mareof Oxfordis by some attributed to him; but this remains uncertain. Nevertheless, onmany points he holds independent views and abandons the Thomistic doctrine to follow the opinions of St. Augustine and of the Franciscan School. He even errs in asserting that, beforethe Fall, gracehad not been given toAdam, an


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opinion which he wrongly attributes to St. Augustine. Giles wrote a commentary onGuido Cavalcanti's philosophicallovecanzone "Donna me prega" (see Enrico Fenzi, La canzone d'amore di Guido Cavalcanti e i suoi antichi commenti ,Melangolo, 1999).The Aegidian schoolAfter the decree of the general chapter of 1287, mentioned above, his opinions were generally accepted in theAugustinian Order. He thus became the founder of the gidian School. Among the most prominent representatives of

this school must be mentionedGiacomo Capoccio of Viterbo(d. 1307) andAugustinus Triumphus(d. 1328), both of them his contemporaries, and also students and professors in the University of Paris:Prosper of Reggio, Albert of Padua, Gerard of Siena, Henry of Frimar , Thomas of Strasburg all in the first half of the fourteenth century. For some time after this other opinions prevailed in the Augustinian Order. But as late as the seventeenth century should bementionedRaffaello Bonherba(d. 1681) who wrote Disputationes totius philosophi in quibus omnes philosophicinter D. Thomam et Scotum controversi principaliter cum doctrin nostri gidii Column illustrantur (Palermo,1645, 1671); andAugustino Arpe(d. 1704) who wroteSumma totius theologi gidii Column (Bologna, 1701, andGenoa, 1704).Federico Nicol Gavardi(d. 1715), the most important interpreter of Colonna, composedTheologiaexantiquata iuxta orthodoxam S. P. Augustini doctrinam ab gidio Column doctor fundatissimo expositam (6vols. fol., Naples and Rome, 1683-1696); this work was abridged byAnselm Hrmannseder in his Hecatombetheologica (Presburg, 1737).Benignus Sichrowsky(d. 1737) wrote also Philosophia vindicata ad erroribus

philosophorum gentilium iuxta doctrinam S. Augustini et B. gidii Column (Nuremberg, 1701).References

Johannes Felix Ossinger , Bibliotheca augustiniana (Ingolstadt and Vienna, 1768) Henry DenifleandEmile Chatelain, Chartularium Universitatis Parisiensis (Paris, 1889), I, II, see Index FRRET, La facult de thol. de Paris et ses doct. les plus clbres au moyen ge (Paris, 1896), III, 459-475 Hugo von Hurter , Nomenclator (3d ed., Innsbruck, 1906), II, 481-486 and passim for gidian School LAZARD, Gilles de Rome in Hist. litt. de la France (Paris, 1888), XXX, 423-566 MATTIOLO, Studio critico sopra Egidio Romano Colonna in Antologia Agostiniana (Rome, 1896), I SCHOLZ, gidius von Rom (Stuttgart, 1902) WERNER, Die Scholastik des spt. M. A., III, Der Augustinismus des spt. M. A. (Vienna, 1863) Scheebenin Kirchenlexikon , s. v. CHEVALIER, Rp. des sources hist. (2d ed., Paris, 1905), s. v. Gilles.

External links Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry

Catholic Encyclopedia , sub Egidio Colonna BBK page (German language)

Giles of Rome (Egidio Colonna). Rule in time of war (De regimine principum, Bk 3rd, pt 3rd, 1295)

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