Gigahertz Signal Processor: RF-Domain Power Amplifier...
Transcript of Gigahertz Signal Processor: RF-Domain Power Amplifier...
G I G A H E R T Z S I G N A L P R O C E S S I N G
Gigahertz Signal Processor:
RF-Domain Power Amplifier Linearization
Olivier Charlon
September 14, 2009
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Scintera Overview
Technology• Provide analog signal processing platform delivering higher performance
and lower power consumption than traditional DSP solutions• Improve ops/sec/watt > 10x in wide range of applications
Initial Focus• RF Power Amplifier Linearizer = RFPAL• Offer high performance linearization for infrastructure PA’s and other
applicationsHeadquartered in Sunnyvale• World class team in signal processing/systems, RF/analog IC development,
RF applicationsInvestors• August Capital, Sevin Rosen, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, Ridgewood
Capital
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RFPAL: Digitally Controlled Analog Processor
• Digitally-driven Adaptive Analog Signal Processor in CMOS
• Firmware Controlled: Programmable/Flexible
• Optimal split of RF, analog and digital
• Fully adaptive
• RFin/RFout solution
• Broadband
• Low power
• Low complexity/cost
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RF Power Amplifier Linearizer (RFPAL)• Standards, modulation-agnostic • Continuously adaptive • Wideband performance• Supports system modularity• Lower cost & complexity• Lower power
Reduced Complexity & Cost• Replaces downconverter,
ADC, & Baseband DPD• Reduces software burden for
current platform & upgrades • Supports system modularity
RFPAL
RFPAL replaces functionality of red blocks with single IC
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RFPAL Enables Distributed Architectures…
Heat Sink
PA-TRX
AC/DCfan
interface BB-TX BB-RX
air condition
telecomconnection
AC
RBS
AC/DCinterface
RRU
antenna
RRU
Standard BTS
Distributed Antennas, MIMO,Picos
interface
Active Antenna Systems
Adapted from Ericsson, “Power Systems Efficiency in Wireless Communications”
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… and Simpler Repeater Architectures
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RFPAL System
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RFPAL: Key Parameters
Operating Frequency: 700-2700 MHz
Bandwidth: >250 MHz Linearization Bandwidth
Power Consumption: <500 mW Average
Temperature Range: -40 to +85 oC
Linearization• Class AB and Doherty Configurations + Others• Short and Long Term Memory Effects• Continuously Adaptive (<3s adaptation time)• Independent of PA Output Power
Modulation Agnostic• WCDMA, WiMax, LTE, TD-SCDMA, CDMA, MC-GSM, etc.
Single chip solution implemented in standard CMOS: 9x9 mm 64 lead QFN
Serial bus control or stand-alone autonomous operation• Extended functions for PA monitoring and advanced PA control• Field Programmable/upgradeable
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Measured Performance: Doherty, 1-carrier WCDMA, 9.6 dB PAR
NXP BLF6G27-150P at 2655 MHz, 150 device, integratedPout = 42.6 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN99 hw1.6 PAM078 WCDMA1-1#9.62 2655.0 MHz 09/09/11 14:27:19
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-10 -5 0 5 10-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHzP
A O
utpu
t Pow
er, d
Bm
/ 30
kH
z
BO=0.5 SN99 hw1.6 PAM078 WCDMA1-1#9.62 2655.0 MHz 09/09/11 14:27:19
POUT-1 = 42.6 dBm
POUT-0 = 42.5 dBm
ACLR2L-1-58.1
ACLR1L-1-51.9
ACLR1U-1-52.7
ACLR2U-1-58.1
ACLR2L-0-57.3
ACLR1L-0-41.4
ACLR1U-0-41.7
ACLR2U-0-58.0
PSD-1PSD-0
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
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Measured Performance: Doherty, 2-carrier WCDMA, 6.5 dB PAR
NXP BLF6G27-150P at 2655 MHz, 150 device, integratedPout = 45.7 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN99 hw1.6 PAM078 WCDMA2-11#6.5 2655.0 MHz 09/09/17 12:39:06
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHzP
A O
utpu
t Pow
er, d
Bm
/ 30
kH
z
BO=0.5 SN99 hw1.6 PAM078 WCDMA2-11#6.5 2655.0 MHz 09/09/17 12:39:06
POUT-1 = 45.7 dBm
POUT-0 = 45.6 dBm
ACLR2L-1-54.3
ACLR1L-1-52.4
ACLR1U-1-51.7
ACLR2U-1-53.5
ACLR2L-0-40.3
ACLR1L-0-32.3
ACLR1U-0-32.0
ACLR2U-0-41.5
PSD-1PSD-0
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Measured Performance: Doherty, 4-carrier WCDMA, 7.75 dB PAR
NXP BLF6G27-150P at 2655 MHz, 150 device, integratedPout = 44.5 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
34 36 38 40 42 44 46-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN99 hw1.6 PAM078 WCDMA4-1111#7.75 2655.0 MHz 09/09/17 12:39:06
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHzP
A O
utpu
t Pow
er, d
Bm
/ 30
kH
z
BO=0.5 SN99 hw1.6 PAM078 WCDMA4-1111#7.75 2655.0 MHz 09/09/17 12:39:06
POUT-1 = 44.5 dBm
POUT-0 = 44.4 dBm
ACLR2L-1-51.6
ACLR1L-1-50.0
ACLR1U-1-48.6
ACLR2U-1-50.8
ACLR2L-0-34.8
ACLR1L-0-32.0
ACLR1U-0-31.5
ACLR2U-0-34.8
PSD-1PSD-0
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Measured Performance: Doherty, 3-carrier WCDMA, 7 dB PAR
30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN97 hw1.6 PAM060 25° 1.80V 3.30V WCDMA3-111#7.13 2140.0 MHz 09/08/12 17:00:35
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHz
PA
Out
put P
ower
, dB
m /
30 k
Hz
BO=0.5 SN97 hw 1.6 PAM060 25° 1.80V 3.30V WCDMA3-111#7.13 2140.0 MHz 09/08/12 17:00:35
POUT-1
= 45.3 dBm
POUT-0
= 45.4 dBm
ACLR2L-1-54.6
ACLR1L-1-50.2
ACLR1U-1-52.9
ACLR2U-1-54.2
ACLR2L-0-38.9
ACLR1L-0-34.6
ACLR1U-0-37.7
ACLR2U-0-40.7
PSD-1PSD-0
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
Freescale MRF7S21080 at 2140 MHz, 080 devicePout = 45.3 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
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Measured Performance: Doherty, 1-carrier WCDMA, 6.5 dB PAR
Freescale MRF7S21080 at 2140 MHz, 080 devicePout = 46.4 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
-10 -5 0 5 10-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHz
PA
Out
put P
ower
, dB
m /
30 k
Hz
BO=0.5 SN97 hw1.6 PAM060 25° 1.80V 3.30V WCDMA1-1#6.5 2140.0 MHz 09/08/11 23:06:46
POUT-1 = 46.4 dBm
POUT-0 = 46.4 dBm
ACLR2L-1-59.6
ACLR1L-1-54.7
ACLR1U-1-55.1
ACLR2U-1-59.4
ACLR2L-0-57.3
ACLR1L-0-39.4
ACLR1U-0-40.7
ACLR2U-0-56.7
PSD-1PSD-0
36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN97 hw1.6 PAM060 25° 1.80V 3.30V WCDMA1-1#6.5 2140.0 MHz 09/08/11 23:06:46
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
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Measured Performance: Doherty, 4-carrier WCDMA, 8 dB PAR
30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN97 hw1.6 PAM060 25° 1.80V 3.30V WCDMA4-1111#7.75 2140.0 MHz 09/08/12 17:00:35
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHz
PA
Out
put P
ower
, dB
m/3
0 kH
z
SN53, PAM050, WCDMA4-1111#7.75, 2140.0 MHz, 09/05/30, 11:45:18
POUT-1 = 43.9 dBm
POUT-0 = 43.8 dBm
ACLR2L-1-54.6
ACLR1L-1-53.0
ACLR1U-1-50.6
ACLR2U-1-52.8
ACLR2L-0-38.6
ACLR1L-0-36.4
ACLR1U-0-34.4
ACLR2U-0-36.2
PSD-1PSD-0
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
Freescale MRF7S21080 at 2140 MHz, 080 devicePout = 43.9 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
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Measured Performance: Class AB, 6-carrier WCDMA -
8.5 dB PAR
34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN98 hw1.6 PAM049 WCDMA6-111111#8.45 2140.0 MHz 09/08/12 14:08:14
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHz
PA
Out
put P
ower
, dB
m /
30 k
Hz
BO=0.5 SN98 hw1.6 PAM049 WCDMA6-111111#8.45 2140.0 MHz 09/08/12 14:08:14
POUT-1 = 42.3 dBm
POUT-0
= 42.3 dBm
ACLR2L-1-53.3
ACLR1L-1-51.1
ACLR1U-1-50.6
ACLR2U-1-53.4
ACLR2L-0-40.0
ACLR1L-0-39.6
ACLR1U-0-37.4
ACLR2U-0-38.9
PSD-1PSD-0
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
Freescale MRF7S21110 at 2140 MHz, 080 devicePout = 42.3 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
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Measured Performance: Class AB, 1-carrier LTE –
5 MHz -
7 dB PAR
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
Freescale MW7IC2725N at 2655 MHz, 080 devicePout = 37.1 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
-10 -5 0 5 10-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHz
PA
Out
put P
ower
, dB
m /
30 k
Hz
BO=0.5 SN99 hw1.6 PAM046 LTE05M1-1#7.02 2655.0 MHz 09/08/14 18:52:35
POUT-1
= 37.1 dBm
POUT-0
= 37.1 dBm
ACLR2L-1-58.7
ACLR1L-1-52.5
ACLR1U-1-50.8
ACLR2U-1-58.1
ACLR2L-0-55.4
ACLR1L-0-39.2
ACLR1U-0-37.4
ACLR2U-0-54.4
PSD-1PSD-0
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN99 hw1.6 PAM046 LTE05M1-1#7.02 2655.0 MHz 09/08/14 18:52:35
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
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Measured Performance: Class AB, 1-carrier LTE –
20 MHz –
6.4 dB PAR
ACLR1/2 (dBc) before/after* correction vs. PA output power (dBm)
PA output power (dBm/30 kHz) vs. frequency (MHz)*
Freescale MW7IC2725N at 2655 MHz, 080 devicePout = 37.9 dBm
* 0=before, 1=after
22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
Pout, dBm
AC
LR, d
Bc
SN99 hw1.6 PAM046 LTE20M1-1#6.38 2655.0 MHz 09/08/14 18:52:35
WPACLR1-0ACLR1-1ACLR2-0ACLR2-1
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Frequency Offset from Carrier Center, MHz
PA
Out
put P
ower
, dB
m /
30 k
Hz
BO=0.5 SN99 hw1.6 PAM046 LTE20M1-1#6.38 2655.0 MHz 09/08/14 18:52:35
POUT-1
= 37.9 dBm
POUT-0
= 37.9 dBm
ACLR2L-1-61.2
ACLR1L-1-56.8
ACLR1U-1-57.6
ACLR2U-1-60.9
ACLR2L-0-57.0
ACLR1L-0-38.2
ACLR1U-0-38.6
ACLR2U-0-56.6
PSD-1PSD-0
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Summary: Gigahertz Signal Processor
Ideal transmitter linearization solution• Low Cost• Low Power• Low Complexity• High Flexibility
Applicable across a broad range of output powers• <1 W to >80 W• Class AB and Doherty
Applicable across a broad range of solutions• Distributed Antenna Systems• MIMO Systems• Traditional in-cabinet amplifiers• Remote Radio Units (RRU)• Tower Mounted Power Amplifiers• Repeaters and Booster Amplifiers• Micro/Pico Basestations• Active Antenna Systems
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Summary: RFPAL
Operating Frequency• One part covers all applications (700 to 2700 MHz)
Power Consumption• RFPAL power consumption < 500 mW
Ease of Use• Simple BoM• Simple system• Modular solution reduces development and verification cost/time• ONLY solution that enables standalone linearized PA module
BoM Savings• Single chip vs. complex multi IC solution