Table of Contents1.Gii thiu mn hc42.Ngn Ng HTML52.1.HTML L G?52.2.Website Tnh52.3.Ai Lm Web Tnh72.4.Cu trc mt website72.5.Th (tag) v thuc tnh ca th92.6.Cc th thng gp102.6.1.Th Heading H1->H6102.6.2.Th Ch Thch Trong HTML112.6.3.Th Paragraph122.6.4.Th Phn on Br v Hr132.6.5.Th Trnh By Vn Bn142.6.6.HTML List172.6.7.Th IMG192.6.8.HTML Link192.6.9.HTML table202.7.Mt s bi tp v HTML223.S Lc V CSS223.1.CSS L G?223.2.c Tnh C Bn Ca CSS233.3.Selector, Class, ID243.4.C Php Ca CSS263.5.Chn CSS Vo Website273.6.Cc CSS Thng Dng293.6.1.nh Ngha Cho on Vn Bn293.6.2.nh Ngha Font313.6.3.ng Vin V Cc Thuc Tnh333.6.4.Thuc Tnh Margin353.6.5.Thuc Tnh Padding363.6.6.Thuc Tnh Overflow373.6.7.Thuc Tnh Opacity/Transparent373.6.8.Thuc Tnh Position383.6.9.Thuc Tnh Display383.6.10.Thuc Tnh Float, Clear393.7.Pseudo-classes393.8.Bi Tp V CSS404.JavaScript404.1.Khi Nim404.2.Cch Nhng Javascript Vo HTML414.3.Th Noscript424.4.Hp Thoi Trong Javascript424.5.Bin Trong Javascript434.6.Ton T Trong Javascript444.7.Biu Thc Regular464.8.Cc Lnh iu Kin, Lp484.9.Hm504.10.Mng544.11.DOM Element584.12.Bi Tp V Javascript635.PHP635.1.PHP L G?635.2.Cch Vit Comment645.3.Bin V Kiu Gi Tr665.4.Hng S675.5.Ton T675.6.String Trong PHP705.7.Bin Ton Cc Trong PHP725.8.Ton T iu Kin Ton T So Snh735.9.GET, POST, REQUEST755.10.Lp Trong PHP765.11.Mng Trong PHP765.12.Hm Trong PHP805.13.File Upload825.14.Session V Cookie866.PHP V MySQL886.1.Khi Nim V MySQL886.2.Kt Ni PHP V MySQL927.Tng Bc Xy Dng ng Dng Shopping Cart947.1.Chun B947.2.Xy Dng Trang BackEnd (Admin)94Trang Login Ca Admin94Trang Qun L Sn Phm94Trang Qun L n Hng94Xy Dng Trang FrontEnd (Trang Sn Phm)947.3.Xy Dng Gi Hng958.Gii Thiu V YII Framework958.1.YII Framework958.2.M Hnh MVC978.3.Cc component, extension98

1. Gii thiu mn hcMn hc xy dng ng dng web bng ngn ng PHP v MySQL. Qua kha hc, chng ta s hiu c khi nim web tnh, web ng, qu trnh xy dng mt trang web. Cng nh hiu c vai tr ca tng ngi nh Design, Html, Dev, QC. T y, ta c th xy dng cho mnh mt trang web n gin. Vic ny gip ta c tin d dng hc thm nhng framework nh YII, Zend, Codeigniter, Laravel,...Trong kha hc chng ta s hc qua cc phn c bn nh: HTML CSS Javascript Mysql PHPV mt s phn nng cao nh Jquery Bootstrap MVC FrameworkNgoi ra cn lm quen mt s tool dng pht trin ng dng web nh: Netbean, Sublime Text, Apache, Navicat, ...Yu cu hc vin: Ci t Web Server : xampp hay wamp. Xampp 1.8 http://sourceforge.net/projects/xampp/files/XAMPP%20Windows/1.8.3/ Ci t IDE: Sublime Text 3 hay Netbean. Sublime text 3 http://www.sublimetext.com/3

2. Ngn Ng HTML2.1. HTML L G? HTML(ting Anh, vit tt choHyperText Markup Language, hay l "Ngn ng nh du Siu vn bn") l mtngn ng nh duc thit k ra to nn cctrang webvi cc mu thng tin c trnh by trnWorld Wide Web. HTML c nh ngha nh l mt ng dng n ginv c s dng trong cc t chc cn n cc yu cu xut bn phc tp. HTML tr thnh mt chunInternetdo t chcWorld Wide Web Consortium(W3C) duy tr. Phin bn chnh thc mi nht ca HTML l HTML 4.01 (1999). Sau , cc nh pht trin thay th n bngXHTML. Hin nay, HTML ang c pht trin tip vi phin bnHTML5ha hn mang li din mo mi choWeb. HTML khng phi l mt ngn ng lp trnh my tnh m n l mt ngn ng s dng cc th html biu din cc trang web. Mt ti liu html tng ng vi mt trang web. Mt ti liu html din t mt trang web. Cc th html cn c gi l cc phn t html ( hay cc element ). 2.2. Website Tnh Khi nim:

Website tnh(static web) l nhng website khng c h thng qun l ni dung, m ni dung c gn cng. Hin nay web tnh hu nh t tn ti hoc ch tn ti vi nhng cng ty chuyn v thit k website. V kin thc c bn th web tnh thng c xy dng t CSS, HTML, JAVASCRIPT (DHTML), hin nay c thm cng ngh HTML5 & CSS3. Website tnh thng c dng thit k cc trang web c ni dung t cn thay i v cp nht. Website tnh l website ch bao gm cc trang web tnh v khng c c s d liu i km. Website tnh thch hp vi c nhn, t chc, doanh nghip va v nh mi lm quen vi mi trng Internet.

u im:

Thit k ho p: Trang Web tnh thng c trnh by n tng v cun ht hn trang web ng v phn m thut ho v chng ta c th hon ton t do trnh by cc tng v ho v m thut trn ton din tch tng trang web tnh. Tc truy cp nhanh: Tc truy cp ca ngi dng vo cc trang web tnh nhanh hn cc trang web ng v khng mt thi gian trong vic truy vn c s d liu nh cc trang web ng. Thn thin hn vi cc my tm kim (search engine) : Bi v a ch URL ca cc .html, .htm, trong trang web tnh khng cha du chm hi (?) nh trong web ng. Chi ph u t thp: Chi ph xy dng website tnh thp hn nhiu so vi website ng v khng phi xy dng cc c s d liu, lp trnh phn mm cho website v chi ph cho vic thu ch cho c s d liu, chi ph yu cu h iu hnh tng thch (nu c).

Nhc im:

Kh khn trong vic thay i v cp nht thng tin: Mun thay i v cp nht ni dung thng tin ca trang website tnh Bn cn phi bit v ngn ng html, s dng c cc chng trnh thit k ho v thit k web cng nh cc chng trnh cp nht file ln server. Thng tin khng c tnh linh hot, khng thn thin vi ngi dng: Do ni dung trn trang web tnh c thit k c nh nn khi nhu cu v thng tin ca ngi truy cp tng cao th thng tin trn website tnh s khng p ng c. Kh tch hp, nng cp, m rng: Khi mun m rng, nng cp mt website tnh hu nh l phi lm mi li website.

2.3. Ai Lm Web Tnh Nhng cng ty chuyn thit k giao din web s lm web tnh theo yu cu ca khch hng. Sau web tnh s c bn giao cho bn b phn pht trin tip tc xy dng mt website hon chnh. Yu cu lm web tnh ch cn nm vng HTML, CSS v Javascript. Ngoi ra i hi mt cht thm m v chu ng va lng khch. Nhng ngi lm web tnh thng c gi l HTML. Khc vi nhng ngi Designer, Designer l s v pht tho trao web bng Photoshop theo yu cu ca khch hng.

2.4. Cu trc mt website

Cu trc mt website s c th HTML bao ngoi cng. K n l hai th con v . Th thng cha thng tin v CSS hay Javascript ca trang web, cn th cha ni dung trang web.Vic to cu trc mt trang web cng rt quan trong. Yu cu phi hi ha cn i v c bit c th lin quan n SEO (Google Search Engine).

Mi trang web u c cch th hin cu trc khc nhau, c trang 1 ct, c trang 2 v cng c trang cha nhiu ct, bn di y chng ta tham kho mt trang n gin s dng 2 ct layout. Phn u:header, c th cha logo, cu slogan, cc lin kt, cc banner lin kt, cc button, on flash, hoc cc form ngn nh form tm kim,... Phn lin kt ton cc:global navigation, dng cha cc lin kt n nhng trang quan trng trong ton b trang, trong phn ny c th cha thm cc lin kt con (sub navigation). Phn thn ca trang:page body, phn ny cha phn ni dung chnh (content) v phn ni dung ph (sidebar). Phn ni dung chnh:content, phn ny cha ni dung chnh cn th hin cho ngi dng xem. Phn ni dung ph:sidebar, phn ny c th cha lin kt ph ca tng trang (local navigation), hoc cc banner cha lin kt lin quan, hoc c th dng cha cc lin kt qung co,... Phn cui trang web:footer, phn ny thng cha phn lin h nh: tn cng ty, a ch, s in thoi, mail lin h,... v c bit l copyright, hoc c th cha cc lin kt ton trang, cc banner lin kt,...

2.5. Th (tag) v thuc tnh ca th

Th (Tag): Khi trnh duyt Web c mt file HTML, n s tm trong file cc tag hay nhng on m c bit bit cch hin th file HTML . V d: Khi trong file HTML c on Cu trc ca file HTML

th s hin th on "Cu trc ca file HTML" ln trn mn hnh vi kch thc ca heading h3 (s ni k phn sau). Cc tag HTML bo cho trnh duyt bit cch khi no th in m mt dng vn bn, in nghing, bin dng vn bn thnh mt siu lin kt ti cc trang Web khc, hin th nh... C nhiu th, mi th c 1 tn v mang ngha khc nhau. C 2 loi th: th ng v th m. Cch vit th: Th m: V d: , , Th ng tng ng: V d: , Ch : lun c th m nhng c th khng c th ng tng ng. V d: khng c th ng .

Thuc tnh ca th: Mt th c th c cc thuc tnh nhm b sung tc dng cho th Mi thuc tnh c tn thuc tnh (attribute) Vit th c thuc tnh: V d: y l th font

Ch : C th thay i th t, s lng cc thuc tnh m khng gy ra li c php S h tr cc th, thuc tnh mi trnh duyt l khc nhau. Ch ging nhau cc th, thuc tnh c bn.

2.6. Cc th thng gp2.6.1. Th Heading H1->H6

HTML c 6 mc chun cho Tiu (heading). Xc lp bng cc th tcho n.V d:This is a first level heading headingThis is a second level heading

2.6.2. Th Ch Thch Trong HTML C 3 loi ch thch (comment): comment inline, comment line v comment multi line.Dng cp th ch thch mt dng ny.

V d:

Hnh trn th hin 3 loi comment.

Mc ch ca comment thng lm r rng hn code ca mnh. Ni dung b comment s khng hin ra website.

2.6.3. Th Paragraph Tag m v tag ng Paragraphs c th cha text v cc element khc: , , , Th p l block element, khng c cha block element khc v c paragraphs khc. di ca text hin th ph thuc vo browser.Browsers s t ng thm 2 empty line trc v sau paragraph. nh dng cho 1 paragraph.V d:The Paragraph elementThe paragraph element is used to denote paragraph blocksThis would be the second paragraph.Thuc tnh:ALIGN=left/center/right:V d: ... C ngha: Tt c text trong paragraph ny s c canh v bn tri l trang. y cng l mc nh. ... Canh gia ... Canh phi2.6.4. Th Phn on Br v Hr Th br dng ngt mt on vn v xung hng mi.th d:mary had a little lamb
it's fleece was white as snow
everywhere that mary went
she was followed by a little lamb. Th Hr:ng gch ngang phn cch cc on trong trang web.Thuc tnh::ch nh kch thc.:ch nh rng:so l:khng bng=name/#rrggbb:ch nh mu ging bgcolorV d:2.6.5. Th Trnh By Vn Bn Th font Thnh phn chnh l . Gi tr values t1-7. Mc nhin font size l3. Gi tr thay i tng i l '+' hay '-' so vi gi tr chun.V d:changes the font size to 4changes the font size to basefont size ... +2Thuc tnh:color = #rrggbb hay color = color: xc lp mu ging nh bgcolorV d:this text is red.haythis text is also red.face=name [,name] [,name]:ch nh font ch khi hin th text.V d: this text will be displayed in either .vntime hay .vnarial, depending on which fonts are installed on the browsers system. Th b, i, u, del, sup, sub, em, big, strong, smallTh b: in m vn bnTh i: in nghing vn bnTh sup:Th sub:Th small: vn bn ch nh.Th big: vn bn ch toTh strong: Cc th khc Pre Tt Cite dfn code kbd var q blockquote address2.6.6. HTML List UL tagBt u l v kt thc C nhiu item, mi item .Attribute type=disc , circle, squareDefault type=disc OL tag Bt u l v kt thc C nhiu item, mi item . Attribute type: type="1" - style: 1, 2, 3, ... type="i" - style: i, ii, iii, iv, ... type="I" - style: I, II, III, IV, ... type="a" - style: a, b, c, ... type="A" - style: A, B, C, ... Mc nh, bt u l 1 cho type=1, nu mun bt u l mt s khc, ta dng attribute start=4 trong . Ex.: DL, DT, DD tag Definition List l mt b gm 3 th: vit tt ca ch "definitionlist" l cp th bt u v kt thc cho mt definition list. vit tt ca ch "defines an item" c ngha l xc nh (hay nh ngha) mt mc trong mt definition list. vit tt ca ch "definesdescribe an item" c ngha l xc nh (hay nh ngha) mt m t ca mt mc.2.6.7. Th IMG Image format: GIF, JPEG, PNG, BMP, TIFF, PCX Th m v ng: Thuc tnh: src: ng dn tng i hoc tuyt i . alt: text hin th nu khng c nh. align: Bottom, Middle, Top, Left, Right khng cn s dng trong HTML5. width: image length in pixels. height: image height in pixels. hspace, vspace khng cn s dng trong HTML52.6.8. HTML Link C php: Link text href: Ch n trang cn lin kt url title: Title ca tag Link text: text hin th Href: c 2 loi url tuyt i v tng i. V d href="www.google.com" v href="index.php". Target: Cch thc open link. Name: cho php nhy n mt v tr c ch nh. V d: return top2.6.9. HTML tableCc th dng trong table: , , , , To bng trong trang Web.Thuc tnh: BORDER="value":iu khin vic hin th v kch thc ng vin. Nu gi tr =0 l khng c vin. CELLSPACING="value":Ch nh khong cch gia cc . Gi tr mc nh l 2. CELLPADDING="value":Ch nh khong trng gia ng vin v . Gi tr mc nh l 1 WIDTH="value or percent":Ch nh rng bng tnh theo pixels, hay % ca ca s hin th. HEIGHT="value or percent":Ch nh cao bng. ALIGN="left/right":Canh l tri, phi. VALIGN="top/bottom":Canh l trn, di. BGCOLOR="#rrggbb|colour name":Ch nh mu nn cho bng. BORDERCOLOR="#rrggbb|colour name":Ch nh mu cho ng vin ca bng. BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#rrggbb|colour name":Ch nh mu cho phn c chiu sng ca ng vin. BORDERCOLORDARK="#rrggbb|colour name":Ch nh mu cho phn b ti ca ng vin. BACKGROUND="URL of image":Ch nh file hnh nh dng lm nn cho bng. FRAME:i hi thuc tnh BORDER phi c hiu lc khi s dng thuc tnh ny. C cc gi tr sau: voidG b tt c vin ngoi. AboveCh hin th ng vin phi trn bng. BelowCh hin th ng vin phi di bng. Hsides Hin th cc ng vin ngang trong bng, k c ng trn v di bng. LhsCh hin th ng vin bn tri. RhsCh hin th ng vin bn phi. VsidesHin th cc ng vin ng trong bng, k c ng tri v phi bng. BoxCh hin th ng vin bao chung quanh bng. 2.7. Mt s bi tp v HTML3. S Lc V CSS3.1. CSS L G? CSS = Casscading Style Sheets Dng m t cch hin th cc thnh phn trn trang WEB S dng tng t nh dng TEMPLATE C th s dng li cho cc trang web khc C th thay i thuc tnh tng trang hoc c site nhanh chng (cascading)3.2. c Tnh C Bn Ca CSS CSS quy nh cch hin th ca cc th HTML bng cch quy nh cc thuc tnh ca cc th (font ch, mu sc). cho thun tin bn c th t ton b cc thuc tnh ca th vo trong mt file ring c phn m rng l ".css" CSS n ph v gii hn trong thit k Web, bi ch cn mt file CSS c th cho php bn qun l nh dng v layout trn nhiu trang khc nhau. Cc nh pht trin Web c th nh ngha sn thuc tnh ca mt s th HTML no v sau n c th dng li trn nhiu trang khc. C th khai bo CSS bng nhiu cch khc nhau. Bn c th t on CSS ca bn pha trong th ..., hoc ghi n ra file ring vi phn m rng ".css", ngoi ra bn cn c th t chng trong tng th HTML ring bit.Tuy nhin ty tng cch t khc nhau m u tin ca n cng khc nhau. Mc u tin ca CSS s theo th t sau: Style t trong tng th HTML ring bit Style t trong phn Style t trong file m rng .css Style mc nh ca trnh duyt Mc u tin s gim dn t trn xung di. CSS c tnh k tha: gi s rng bn c mt th c khai bo u file css vi cc thuc tnh nh sau:#vidu { width: 200px; height: 300px;} mt ch no trong file css bn li khai bo mt ln na th vi cc thuc tnh.#vidu {width: 400px;background-color: #CC0000;} Sau on khai bo ny th th s c thuc tnh:#vidu {width: 400px; /* ln khai bo c */height: 300px;background-color: #CC0000;}3.3. Selector, Class, IDKhi nim: Cho n by gi bn thy c CSS c th thay i cc i tng html nh th no. V d khi bn vit code CSS cho thh1hoc p, th bn s thy n c p dng cho tt c cc th trong html. Nhng khng phi lc no bn cng mun tt c cc thptrong phn code ca bn u b nh hng. C th bn mun on ny ch mu xanh, on kia ch mu v m. Chnh v th Class v ID c thm vo th html bn c th hng ti mt i tng c th hn trong code HTML ca bn. Do cho bn thm mt la chn na thit k trang web.Cc loi selector: Universal Selector: l selector yu nht, s apply cho tt c cc element trong html. V d: *{ margin: 0; padding:0; } Selector ID: trong mt trang html, selector id l duy nht. K hiu: #ten_id. V d: #header{ color: red; } th s apply cho element no c id l header. Selector Class: khi bn mun nh dng mt nhm ci element bng mt chun css th bn nn dng class. V d: cc th h2 c class tiu th s c chung mt format css.h2.tieude { font-size: 20px, color: red, font-weight: 400; } th s apply cho tt c cc th h2 c class tieudethis is tag h2 Child Selector: loi selector ny s apply cho con ca element c chn.V d: Group Selector: mt group cc selector s c apply theo mt css c nh ngha.V d: h1, b, .tieude{ color:red; } Attribute SelectorC php: [ten_attribute]{ css_attr: css_value; }3.4. C Php Ca CSSSau khi hiu l nm bt c mt s c tnh ca CSS chng ta tip tc i tm hiu v c php v cch khai bo ca cc th CSS.C php ca CSS c chia lm 3 phn. phn th chn (selector), phn thuc tnh (property), phn nhn (value).selector {property: value}Nu nhn ca bn c nhiu t bn nn t nhn ca bn vo trong du nhy kpp {font-family: "sans serif"}Trong trng hp th chn ca bn nhiu thuc tnh th cc thuc tnh s c ngn cch bi du (;).p {text-align:center; color:red}Khi th chn c nhiu thuc tnh th chng ta nn mi thuc tnh trn mt dng ring bit.p {text-align: center;color: black;font-family: arial}3.5. Chn CSS Vo WebsiteBn c mt file CSS ca bn, by gi cng vic tip theo l lm th no chn nhng on CSS ca bn vo trong trang, V xem chng hot ng nh th no. Trong phn ny chng ta s i tm hiu chi tit v cch chn mt on style trong trang HTML hay lin kt ti mt file CSS vit sn. Khi trnh duyt c n CSS, th ton b Website s c nh dng theo cc thuc tnh c khai bo trong phn CSS. C ba cch cho php chng ta chn nh dng CSS vo trong Website. CSS c khai bo trong file ring.Ton b m CSS c cha trong file ring c phn m rng .css l mt tng c dng khi mt file CSS s c p dng cho nhiu trang khc nhau. Bn c th thay i cch hin th ca ton b site m ch cn thay i mt file CSS. Trong cch ny th file CSS s c chn vo vn bn HTML thng qua th .... Ta c c php nh sau: Trnh duyt s c ton b cc nh dng c quy nh trong file mystyle.css v nh dng cho vn bn HTML.File CSS c th c son tho bng mt s trnh duyt khc nhau. Trong file khng c cha m HTML, khi ghi li chng ta bt buc phi ghi li vi phn m rng l .css. Gi s chng trong file mystyle.css trn cha on m sau:hr {color: sienna}p {margin-left: 20px}body {background-image: url("images/back40.gif")} Chn CSS trong ti liu HTMLChn thng CSS trong ti liu c p dng trong trng hp nhng nh dng CSS ny ch ginh ring cho ti liu HTML . Khi bn chn trc tip th on m ca bn phi t trong th v t trong phn .hr {color: sienna}p {margin-left: 20px}body { background-image: url("images/back40.gif"); font-size: 12pt; } Chn trc tip vo th ca HTML(inline style)Inline style c s dng nhiu trong trng hp mt th HTML no cn c style ring cho n.Inline style c p dng cho chnh th HTML , cch ny s c u tin ln nht so vi hai cch trn. Di y l mt v d m chng ta dng Inline styleThis is a paragraph3.6. Cc CSS Thng Dng3.6.1. nh Ngha Cho on Vn Bn Mu vn bn: t mu cho mt on vn bn ta dng thuc tnh color:#m mu.V d: on vn bn c mu Mu nn cho vn bn: C php:Background-color: #m mu //tn muV d: on vn bn mu nn mu xanh Khong cch gia cc k t: Khong cch gia cc k t trong mt on vn bn c th c tng hoc gim bi thuc tnh letter-spacing: khong cch;h3 { letter-spacing: 2em;}h1 { letter-spacing: -3em;} Khong cch gia cc dng:Thuc tnh line-height: khong cch; s gip bn cn chnh khong cch gia cc dng trong mt on vn bn.p { line-height: 150%; // line-height: 15px;} Dng hng: ging hng cho mt on vn bn chng ta s dng thuc tnh text-align: v tr;p { text-align: left; /* left | center | right */} iu chnh ni dung vn bn:Mt ng gch chn hoc ng gch ngang dng vn bn s lm cho on vn bn ca bn thm sinh ng. t im thm cho on vn bn chng ta s dng thuc tnh text-decoration: thuc tnh;h3 { text-decoration: underline; /* Gch chn */}h2 { text-decoration: line-through; /* Gch ngang */}h1 { text-decoration: overline; /* k trn */}Bn c th iu khin ton b on vn bn l ch hoa hay ch thng bi thuc tnh text-transform: kiu ch;p.uppercase { text-tranform: uppercase;}p.lowercase { text-tranform: lowercase;}p.capitalize { text-tranform: capitalize;}Khong cch gia cc t c th c tng bi thuc tnh word-spacing: khong cch;word-spacing: 30px;3.6.2. nh Ngha Font Font-family: t mt loi font ch no cho on vn bn th chng ta s s dng thuc tnh font-family:p { font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Verdana, sans-serif;}Thng thng bn cn phi khai bo h ca font cui (trong v d trn th sans-serif l ch ti 1 h font) trong trng hp my ca ngi duyt Web khng c cc font nh mnh t th n s ly font mc nh ca h font trn. Font-size: nh ngha kch thc ca ch trong vn bn.h1 { font-size: 20px;}h3 { font-size: 12px;} Font-style:Ch m, ch nghing,... c t vi thuc tnh font-style:p { font-style: italic; /* normal | italic | oblique */} Font-weight:Khi chng ta mun thay i m nht ca vn bn chng ta s dng thuc tnh font-weight:. Chng ta c th t gi 3 loi gi tr cho thuc tnh ny 1. Normal (bnh thng), 2. Bold (m), 3. 300 (t dng s)h3 { font-weight: bold;}3.6.3. ng Vin V Cc Thuc TnhCc thuc tnh ca ng vin (border) s cho php t cc gi tr c bit cho n vin nh kiu ng vin, kch thc, mu sc. Thuc tnh ny s c p dng cho cc th HTML nh , , ,... Trong thuc tnh ng vin (border) chng ta c 3 gi tr c bn l: border-color: border-width: border-style: Thuc tnh mu ca ng vin t mu cho ng vin chng ta s t thng s mu cho thuc tnh border-color:div.color { border-color: #CC0000;} t chiu rng cho ng vin (border)Nu mun t chiu rng ca ng vin chng ta s t gi tr cho thuc tnh border-width:div.borerwidth { border-width: 2px;}STTGi tr1thin2medium3thick4length Chn kiu ca ng vinBn c th s dng thuc tnh border-style t kiu cho ng vin. Chng ta c th gn cho thuc tnh ny 9 gi tr khc nhau tng ng vi 9 kiu ng vin khc nhau.div.borderstyle { border-style: solid;}STTborder-style1none2hidden3dotted4dashed5solid6double7groove8ridge9inset10outsetVi 4 pha ca i tng ta c 4 thuc tnh border tng ng: border-top: border-right: border-bottom: border-left:ng vi ng vin ca mi pha chng ta u c 3 gi tr (color, width, style)STTPhaThuc tnh1topborder-top-color:border-top-width:border-top-style:2rightborder-right-color:border-right-width:border-right-style:3bottomborder-bottom-color:border-bottom-width:border-bottom-style:4leftborder-left-color:border-left-width:border-left-style:Chng ta c th dng phng php vit m gin lc (shorthand) vit cc thuc tnh ca ng vin gn hn. Gi s chng ta t thuc tnh border ca th vi rng bng 1, kiu solid v mu l #CC0000div.border { border: 1px solid #CC0000;}3.6.4. Thuc Tnh MarginThuc tnh margin s nh ngha khong trng bao quanh mt phn t HTML. N c th dng gi tr m lng ni dung vo vi nhau. Tng ng vi 4 pha ca mt phn t chng ta c 4 thuc tnh tng ng. Mt khc vit cho gn chng ta cng c th dng cch vit gin lc nh ngha cc gi tr cho thuc tnh margin. i vi cc trnh duyt Netcape v IE th gi tr mc nh ca thuc tnh margin l 8px. Nhng Opera th khng h tr nh vy. cho thng nht chng ta c th t margin mc nh cho ton b cc phn t.Cc gi tr m thuc tnh margin c th nhn c l: auto, length, %. Chng ta t gi tr no l ty thch cng vi vic tng ng t l vi cc phn t khc.Tng ng vi 4 pha ta c 4 thuc tnh: margin-top: margin-right: margin-bottom: margin-left: cho gn chng ta cng c th vit thuc tnh margin di dng shorthanddiv.margin { margin: 10px 4px 5px 9px; /* top | right | bottom | left*/}3.6.5. Thuc Tnh PaddingCSS padding s nh ngha khong trng gia mp ca cc phn t ti cc phn t con hoc ni dung bn trong. Chng ta khng th gn gi tr m cho thuc tnh ny. Cng ging nh margin thuc tnh padding cng tng ng vi 4 pha ca phn t.Tng ng vi 4 pha ca phn t chng ta c 4 thuc tnh padding tng ng l: padding-top: padding-right: padding-bottom: padding-left:Cc gi tr c th gn cho cc thuc tnh ny l : % hoc length vit cho gn chng ta cng c th vit thuc tnh padding di dng shorthand.div.padding { padding: 5px 3px 2px 8px;}3.6.6. Thuc Tnh OverflowThuc tnh overflow xc nh iu g s xy ra nu mt thnh phn box trn ni dung.C php: tag { overflow: gi tr;}Gi tr: visible, hidden, scroll, auto, inheritV d: vi overflow: hidden th khi text trn ra khi box th text s b n i.3.6.7. Thuc Tnh Opacity/TransparentThuc tnh opacity hin th cp trong sut cho thnh phn.tag { opacity: gi tr;}V d: h1{opacity: 0,5; }Hoc img { opacity: 0,7; }img:hover{ opacity:1; }3.6.8. Thuc Tnh PositionThuc tnh position xc nh loi ca phng php nh v tr cho thnh phn.Thuc tnh position thng dng km vi cc thuc tnh nh v tr:left,right,bottom,toptag { position: gi tr;}Gi tr: static: Thnh phn s nm theo th t trong vn bn, y l dng mc nh. relative: nh v tr tuyt i cho thnh phn. absolute: nh v tr tuyt i cho thnh phn theo thnh phn bao ngoi (thnh phn nh v tr tng i position: relative;) hoc theo ca s trnh duyt. fixed: nh v tr tng i cho thnh phn theo ca s trnh duyt. inherit: Xc nh tha hng thuc tnh t thnh phn cha (thnh phn bao ngoi).3.6.9. Thuc Tnh DisplayThuc tnh display xc nh loi hin th ca thnh phn.tag { display: gi tr;}Gi tr: none: khng hin th inline: Thnh phn s hin th nh mt ni tuyn (inline, khng ngt dng), y l dng mc nh. block: Thnh phn hin th nh mt khi, khi s dng gi tr block thnh phn s ng mt hng c lp so vi thnh phn trc v sau n. inline-block: Thnh phn s hin th nh mt khi, nhng l mt khi ni tuyn. ...3.6.10. Thuc Tnh Float, ClearThuc tnh float xc nh c hay khng mt thnh phn c float (tri ni).tag { float: gi tr;}Gi tr: left, right, none, inheritThuc tnh clear xc nh 2 bn ca phn t (left, right), ni m phn t float khng c cho php (ngn cn thnh phn khng c float tri, phi hay c hai).tag { clear: gi tr;}Gi tr: left, right, both, none.3.7. Pseudo-classes:active:first-child:focus:hover:lang(word):last-child:link:visitedPseudo Classtrong CSS c s dng vit CSS cho mt trng thi no ca mt phn t. V d vit CSS i mu cc lin kt khi r chut vo, i thuc tnh mt phn t khi nhp vo,.Cc pseudo class c khai bo ti vng chn, t ng sau vng chn v c du hai chm (:) ngn cch. V d:#link:hover(vng chn ca #link khi r chut vo).Trong bi vit ny, v n thuc CSS cn bn nn mnh ch ni qua mt s pseudo class n gin nht m cng thng gp nht khi vit CSS cho websiteMt s Pseudo Class thng dng :hover Chn trng thi khi r chut vo mt phn t. :visited c s dng cho lin kt, chn lin kt khi c truy cp (da vo History trn trnh duyt). :link c s dng cho lin kt, chn lin kt khi cha nhp vo. :active Chn phn t khi h chn/nhp vo.3.8. Bi Tp V CSS4. JavaScript4.1. Khi NimJavascriptl mt ngn ng thng dch, chng trnh ngun ca n c nhnghoc tch hp vo tp tin HTML. Khi trang webc titrong trnh duyth trjavascript, Trnh duyts thng dch v thc hin cc lnh Javascipt.JavaScriptl mt trong nhng ngn ng lp trnh ph bin nht th gii, n l ngn ng cho HTML, web, server, PC, laptop, tablet, smart phone JavaScript l mt ngn ng kch bn. Ngnng kch bn l mt ngn ng lp trnh nh. JavaScript l m lp trnh c th c chn vo cc trang HTML. JavaScript c chn vo cc trang web c th c chy bi tt c cc trnh duyt web hin i. JavaScript l mt ngn ng lp trnh d hc.c tnh ca Javascript: n gin ng Hng i tngMt trong nhng c tnh quan trng ca ngn ng javascript l kh nng to v s dng cc i tng (Object). Cc Object ny cho php ngi lp trnh s dng pht trin ng dng.Trong javascript ,cc Object c nhn theo 2 kha cnh: Cc Object tn ti: Date, Array Cc Object do ngi lp trnh xy dng.4.2. Cch Nhng Javascript Vo HTMLC 2 cch nhng Javascript vo trong tp tin HTML Vit chong trnh Javascript trc tip trong file HTML //Cc lnh JavascriptV d: function getTime(){document.write( new Date() );} S dng tp tin javascript bn ngoi :Cng ging nh CSS ngoi tuyn, chng ta cng c th nhng Javascript vo tp tin HTML bng cch lin kt n mt tp tin bn ngoi, y cng l phng thc c s dng nhiu nht.Vi phng php ny, cc lnh Javascrip s c vit trong mt file ring bit c phn m rng l.js(V d ta c tp tin my.js) nhng tp tinmy.jsvo tp tin HTML ta s dng on m sau:4.3. Th NoscriptCp th ny dng nh r ni dung thng bo cho ngi s dng bit trnh duyt khng h tr JavaScript. Khi trnh duyt s khng hiu th v n b l i, cn on m nm trong cp th ny s c Navigator hin th. Ngc li, nu trnh duyt c h tr JavaScript th on m trong cp th s c b qua. Tuy nhin, iu ny cng c th xy ra nu ngi s dng khng s dng JavaScript trong trnh duyt ca mnh bng cch tt n i trong hp Preferences/Advanced.V d: Trang web ny c h tr javascript. Bn vui lng enable javascript4.4. Hp Thoi Trong JavascriptLnh alert('message'): hin th hp thoi c ni dung l message ln cho ngi dng.Lnh confirm('Are you sure?'): hin th hp thoi c ty chn Yes/No cho ngi dng chn.Lnh window.prompt('hello what is your name?',''): nhc ngi dng nhp vo hp thoi.4.5. Bin Trong Javascript Bin ton cc: x dng ton cc, c th gi bt c u Bin cc b: x dng trong ni b function. Kiu d liu: kiu s nguyn, kiu du phy ng, kiu logic v kiu chui.Cc ton t:Kiu gn thng thngKiu rt gnMiu tX=x+yX+=yCng 2 s trong javascriptX=x-yx-=yTr 2 sX=x*yX*=yNhn 2 sX=x/yx/=yChia ly phn nguynX=x%yX%=yChia ly phn dCc php so snh:Php so sanhMiu t==So snh bng!=So snh khng bng>So snh ln hn>=So snh ln hn hoc bng= 18. Ngc li, n gn cho bin ny gi tr minor.Ton t du phy: Ton t du phy (,) nh gi tr cho c hai ton hng ca n v tr v gi tr ca ton hng th hai. Ton t ny c s dng ch yu trong vng lp for, cho php nhiu bin c gn gi tr ban u hoc nhiu bin c cp nht li gi tr thng qua mi bc lp.V d: Xt bi ton tnh tng cc s t 1 n 10 dng vng lp for. Ta s khi to gi tr ban u cho hai bin, bin dem=1 v bin tong=0, lc ny ta s s dng ton t du phy. for (var dem=1,tong=0;dem S dng cc phng thc ca mng: thao tc trn mng, chng ta phi dng cc phng thc ca i tng mng.Phng thcM tJoinKt hp cc phn t ca mng thnh mt chuiPopTr v phn t cui cng ca mng, sau khi xo n t mng.PushThm mt hoc nhiu phn t vo cui mng. Tr li phn t cui cng thm vo.Reverseo ngc cc phn t ca mng: phn t u tin ca mng tr thnh phn t cui cng v phn t cui cng tr thnh phn t u tin.ShiftXo phn t u tin ca mng v tr v phn t .SortSp xp cc phn t ca mng.Phng thc sortPhng thc emp.sort () s sp xp mng di y Mng nhiu chiuMt mng c th c nhiu hn mt chiu.on m di y to ra mt mng hai chiu v cho hin th gi tr ca mt trong nhng phn t trong mng. MyArray = new Array(5,5); MyArray[0, 0] = "Ryan Dias"; MyArray[0, 1] = 1; MyArray[1, 0] = "Mike Donne"; MyArray[1, 1] = 2; MyArray[2, 0] = "Joe Dean"; MyArray[2, 1] = 3; MyArray[3, 0] = "Robert Matey"; MyArray[3, 1] = 4; document.write ("The name is " + MyArray[3, 0]); document.write("and the code is " + MyArray[3,1]); 4.11. DOM Elementi vi lp trnh web, kin thc v DOM v kh nng thao tc DOM thnh tho l hai yu t quan trng nht. n gin l v DOM cho bn sc mnh thay i mi th ca trang web, khi m mi ni dung u c th c thm bt xa sa mang li tri nghim v ni dung tt nht.DOMl tn gi tt ca (DocumentObjectModel tm dchM hnh i tng Ti liu), l mt chun c nh ngha bi W3C dng truy xut v thao tc trn cc ti liu c cu trc dng HTML hay XML bng cc ngn ng lp trnh thng dch (scripting language) nh Javascript, PHP, Python.Ngoi ra, DOM gip thao tc d liu theo m hnh hng i tng. Cc phn t bn trong 1 ti liu c cu trc c nh ngha thnh cci tng,phng thcvthuc tnh c th truy xut d dng m vn m bo tnh cu trc: mi phn t l mt i tng, s hu cc thuc tnh v cc phng thc lm vic vi cc thuc tnh nh thm, xa, sa, cp nht. Bn cnh , bn cng c th thm bt cc phn t ty thch, gip cho ni dung v cu trc ca trang web lun cp nht ng.Webpage = DOM + Javascripty khng hn l cng thc tuyt i, v ngoi Javascript, ta c th tng tc vi DOM bng PHP, Python Tuy nhin, Javascript theo sut lch s pht trin ca DOM, nn s dng DOM Javascript bt u pht trin web l mt la chn tt.Cy cu trc DOMNti vi HTML DOM, mi thnh phn u c xem l 1 nt (node), c biu din trn 1 cy cu trc dng cy gi l DOM Tree. Cc phn t khc nhau s c phn loi nt khc nhau nhng quan trng nht l 3 loi: nt gc (document node), nt phn t (element node), nt vn bn (text node). Nt gc: chnh l ti liu HTML, thng c biu din bi th . Nt phn t: biu din cho 1 phn t HTML. Nt vn bn: mi on k t trong ti liu HTML, bn trong 1 th HTML u l 1 nt vn bn. c th l tn trang web trong th , tn mc trong th , hay mt on vn trong th . Ngoi ra cn cnt thuc tnh(attribute node) vnt ch thch(comment node).Quan h gia cc nt Nt gc (document) lun l nt u tin. Tt c cc nt khng phi l nt gc u ch c 1 nt cha (parent). Mt nt c th c mt hoc nhiu con, nhng cng c th khng c con no. Nhng nt c cng nt cha c gi l cc nt anh em (siblings). Trong cc nt anh em, nt u tin c gi l con c (firstChild) v nt cui cng l con t (lastChild).Thuc tnh v phng thc thng gpC th tham kho thm ti: http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_all.aspThuc tnh nghaidnh danh l duy nht cho mi phn t nn thng c dng truy xut DOM trc tip v nhanh chng.classNameTn lp Cng dng truy xut trc tip nh id, nhng 1 className c th dng cho nhiu phn t.tagNameTn th HTML.innerHTMLTr v m HTML bn trong phn t hin ti. on m HTML ny l chui k t cha tt c phn t bn trong, bao gm cc nt phn t v nt vn bn.outerHTMLTr v m HTML ca phn t hin ti. Ni cch khc,outerHTML = tagName + innerHTML.textContentTr v 1 chui k t cha ni dung ca tt c nt vn bn bn trong phn t hin ti.attributesTp cc thuc tnh nh id, name, class, href, titlestyleTp cc thit lp nh dng ca phn t hin ti.valueLy gi tr ca thnh phn c chn thnh mt bin.Phng thc nghagetElementById(id)Tham chiu n 1 nt duy nht c thuc tnhidging vi id cn tm.getElementsByTagName(tagname)Tham chiu n tt c cc nt c thuc tnhtagNameging vi tn th cn tm, hay hiu n gin hn l tm tt c cc phn t DOM mang th HTML cng loi. Nu mun truy xut n ton b th trong ti liu HTML th hy s dngdocument.getElementsByTagName('*').getElementsByName(name)Tham chiu n tt c cc nt c thuc tnhnamecn tm.getAttribute(attributeName)Ly gi tr ca thuc tnh.setAttribute(attributeName, value)Sa gi tr ca thuc tnh.appendChild(node)Thm 1 nt con vo nt hin ti.removeChild(node)Xa 1 nt con khi nt hin ti.Mt khc, cc phn t DOM u l cc nt trn cy cu trc DOM. Chng s hu thm cc thuc tnh quan h biu din s ph thuc gia cc nt vi nhau. Nh cc thuc tnh quan h ny, chng ta c th truy xut DOM gin tip da trn quan h v v tr ca cc phn t.Truy xut DOMTruy xut gin tipThao tc truy xut cc nt gin tip theo v tr trn cy DOM cn c gi lduyt cy DOM(DOM Tree traversal).Mi nt trn cy DOM u c 6 thuc tnh quan h gip bn truy xut gin tip theo v tr ca nt: Node.parentNode: tham chiu n nt cha ca nt hin ti, v nt cha ny l duy nht cho mi nt. Do , nu bn cn tm ngun gc su xa ca 1 nt, bn phi ni thuc tnh nhiu ln, v d Node.parentNode.parentNode. Node.childNodes: tham chiu n cc nt con trc tip ca nt hin ti, v kt qu l 1 mng cc i tng. Lu rng, cc nt con khng b phn bit bi loi nt, nn kt qu mng tr v c th bao gm nhiu loi nt khc nhau. Node.firstChild: tham chiu n nt con u tin ca nt hin ti, v tng ng vi vic gi Node.childNodes[0]. Node.lastChild: tham chiu n nt con cui cng ca nt hin ti, v tng ng vi vic gi Node.childNodes[Element.childNodes.length-1]. Node.nextSibling: tham chiu n nt anh em nm lin k sau vi nt hin ti. Node.previousSibling: tham chiu n nt anh em nm lin k trc vi nt hin ti.Truy xut trc tipTruy xut trc tip s nhanh hn, v n gin hn khi bn khng cn phi bit nhiu v quan h v v tr ca nt. C 3 phng thc bn truy xut trc tip c h tr mi trnh duyt: document.getElementById('id_cn_tm') document.getElementsByTagName('div') document.getElementsByName('tn_cn_tm')To thm hoc di chuyn DOM viappendChildNh bn bit, mi nt trn cy cu trc DOM u bt ngun su xa t nt gc v bt buc phi c 1 nt cha. Do , v bn cht, khi 1 DOM mi c to ra, n c n 1 mnh v khng th s dng c nh cc phn t DOM thng thng. Ch sau khi bn tm 1 nt khc trn cy DOM lm cha a b (s dng nt_cha.appendChild(nt_con)) th qu trnh to thm DOM hon tt.Loi b DOM viremoveChildKhi bn loi b 1 nt, nt vn s tn ti trong b nh m ca my tnh. Bn s khng th truy xut n nt c na, tr khi bn lu tham chiu n nt bng 1 bin.Khi loi b DOM, nt cha s s dng phng thcremoveChild() t mt 1 hoc nhiu nt conDOM EventS kin v cc hm x l s kin DOM l mt phn quan trng ca Javascript. S kin s xy ra khi c s tng tc t ngi dng (nh s kin onclick khi ngi dng nhn chut , onmousemove khi chut di chuyn..) hoc t chnh trang web (s kin onload khi mt phn t DOM no c ti xong hay khi ca s b thay i kch thc). Bn c th tham kho thm danh sch s kin rt gn http://www.w3schools.com/jsref/dom_obj_event.aspCch 1: Chn trc tip vo th HTMLCch 2: Chn vo thuc tnh s kin ca DOMCch 3: Dng phng thc addEventListener()4.12. Bi Tp V Javascript5. PHP5.1. PHP L G?PHP(vit tt hi quy "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor") l mtngn ng lp trnhkch bn hay mt loim lnhch yu c dng pht trin ccng dngvit cho my ch,m ngun m, dng cho mc ch tng qut. N rt thch hp viwebv c th d dng nhng vo trangHTML. Do c ti u ha cho ccng dng web, tc nhanh, nh gn, c php gingCvJava, d hc v thi gian xy dng sn phm tng i ngn hn so vi cc ngn ng khc nn PHP nhanh chng tr thnh mtngn ng lp trnhweb ph bin nht th gii.on m sau minh ha gip cch vit PHP lng vo cc trangHTMLd dng nh th noThs nh u s bt u v s kt thc ca phn m PHP qua my ch bit x l v dch m cho ng. y l mt im kh tin li ca PHP gip cho vic vit m PHP tr nn kh trc quan v d dng trong vic xy dng phn giao din ng dngHTTP.Ngn ng, cc th vin, ti liu gc ca PHP c xy dng bi cng ng v c s ng gp rt ln caZend Inc., cng ty do cc nh pht trin ct li ca PHP lp nn nhm to ra mt mi trng chuyn nghip a PHP pht trin quy mdoanh nghip.5.2. Cch Vit CommentTrong bt c ngn ng no d n gin nh HTML hay CSS cho n phc tp hn cht xu nh PHP th vic ch thch l iu khng th thiu. C ch thch cc dng code ca bn d hiu hn, d kim sot, d khc phc li cng nh tin cho vic k tha hoc lm vic nhm.Cc on ch thch s c my b qua, khng ng n g c, bn c th vit Ting Vit nhng on ny nu mun. Thng th ch thch s b m hnnhng dng code trong cc chng trnh h tr g code PHP - iu ny cng ng trong hu ht cc ngn ng v phn mm khc.Ch thch trong PHP c 2 kiu:Kiu th nht l ch thch dng, vi 2 du gch cho nh th ny: // - u im l n gin, nhanh - nhng bn ch ch thch c duy nht 1 dng. ch thch nhiu dng bn phi dng kiu th hai.Kiu th hai l ch thch khi, bn c th on ch thch trn nhiu dng bng cch a n vo cp th /* v */Di y l nhng v d c th hn:Ch thch dng:Ch thch khi:5.3. Bin V Kiu Gi TrPHP c cc kiu gi tr: boolean integer float String array object nullTrong PHPbinc k hiu bi du " $ " i sau l cc k t bao gm cc ch ci thng (a -z) in hoa (A - Z) v cc ch s (0 - 9) v du " gch di " ( _ ) . Bin khng c vit cch. Bin khng c bt u bng ch sV d :- Ch : Trong PHP phn bit ch in hoa v in thng , bin $a v $A l hai bin hon ton khc nhau.5.4. Hng STrong PHP c hai loi hng, hng c sn trong PHP v hng do chng ta t nh ngha- Hng c sn trong PHP, v d nhV rt nhiu cc hng khc nh E_ERROR, E_WARNING.........- Hng do chng ta nh ngha, nh ngha hng chng ta dng cu trc sau :5.5. Ton TTon t gn:d thy ngay trong khi ta gn gi tr cho 1 bin, v dTon t s hc: l cc php ton c bn m cc bn hay thy nh cng, tr, nhn, chia...TnK hiuM tV dPhp cng+Cng hai s hng$a + $bPhp tr-Tr hai s hng$a - $bPhp nhn*Nhn hai s hng$a * bPhp chia/Chia hai s hng$a / $bPhp chia ly d%Chi ly d5 % 2 = 1Ton t so snh: cc php ton logic nh so snh bng, ln hn hoc nh hn...TnK hiuM tV dSo snh bng==Hai s hng bng nhau$a == $bSo snh khc!=Hai s hng khc nhau$a != $bSo snh ln hn>So snh ln hn$a > bSo snh nh hn=Ln hn hoc bng$a >= $bNh hn hoc bngV d : Ton t so snhTon t logicTon t logic l t hp cc gi tr boolean c kt qu tr v l TRUE hoc FALSETnK hiuM tV dPhp v&& hoc andC 2 v phi tho mn iu kin$a > $b && $a > $cPhp hoc|| hoc orMt trong 2 tho mn iu kin l c$a > $b || $a < $cPh nh!Ph nh 1 iu kin, gi tr no $a != bV d :5.6. String Trong PHPCc cch vit String trong PHP$a = 'paragraph'; //Du " nm trong cp du '_'.$b = "google"; //cp du '_ ' nm trong cp du "_".$c = ""; //trng hp t bit phi dng \.In chui:dng echo hay printNi chui:Function for String: trim: loi b khong trng u v cui chui strlen: di chui str_word_count: m s t ucwords: in hoa k t u ca t dng tn ngi strtolower: ch thng strip_tags: loi b tag html ra khi string strpos str_replace5.7. Bin Ton Cc Trong PHP$_SERVER: l mt bin ton cc trong PHPcha thng tin v PHP Webserverl mt array element.Mt s phn t trong $_SERVER thng dng: PHP_SELF REQUEST_METHOD REQUEST_TIME DOCUMENT_ROOT HTTPS HTTP_ACCEPT HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET HTTP_POST HTTP_REFERER HTTP_USER_AGENT REMOTE_ADDR SCRIPT_FILENAME SERVER_ADDR SERVER_NAME SERVER_PROTOCOL SERVER_ADMIN SERVER_PORT REMOTE_ADDR SCRIPT_NAME REQUEST_URIV d:Hm vi gi tr tr v:C php:function function_name(C hoc khng c i s){//Thuc thireturn giatri;}V d:Include v require, Include_one v require_one: s dng li m trong nhiu trn web (cc script), ta thng vit cc hm, nh ngha cc hng hay cc on m v lu vo mt file ring. Khi , mt trang php no cn s dng cc on m vit, c h chn vo v tr cn thit. chn mt file c sn vo trang web, ta s dng mt trong bn cu lnh sau: include (filename), require, include_once, require_once.V d: s chn file functions.php t th mc cng cp vi trang ang vit vo ngay v tr t lnh include.5.13. File Uploadupload c file, chng ta cn thm thuc tnhenctype="multipart/form-data"cho form, ta dng th input type="file" upload file.To file form.php vi ni dung nh sau- Tip theo ta s kim tra xem ngi dng nhn nt submit hay cha bng cch kim tra s tn ti ca bin $_POST['ok'], nu ngi dng nhn submit ri th tin hnh kim tra xem h chn file hay cha, nu cha chn file th bo li- Ta c th ly c tn file, kiu file , c file thng qua cc bin :File name : $_FILES['file']['name'];File type : $_FILES['file']['type'];File size : $_FILES['file']['size'];- Khi ngi dng chn file th tin hnh upload ? ty theo yu cu ca bi ton m chng ta tin hnh xy dng chc nng cho n, v d yu cu t ra y l ch c upload cc file nh c kiu file l jpg , png , gif v c file khng c ln hn 1mb- Chng ta tin hnh kim tra kiu file xem c ph hp hay khng, nu l file nh th tin hnh kim tra xem c file c ph hp hay khng v ngc li th bo li file chn khng phi file nh- Bc cui cng l xem file va chn c c nh hn 1mb khng, file size y c tnh theo byte (1mb = 1*1024 kb * 1024 bytes) . Nu c file nh hn 1mb tin hnh upload file bng hm move_uploaded_file , file upload s c lu trong th mc data- V y l ton b code ca phn upload file5.14. Session V CookieCookie l 1 on d liu c ghi vo a cng hoc b nh ca my ngi s dng. N c trnh duyt gi ngc ln li server mi khi browser ti 1 trang web t server.Nhng thng tin c lu tr trong cookie hon ton ph thuc vo website trn server. Mi website c th lu tr nhng thng tin khc nhau trong cookie, v d thi im ln cui ta gh thm website, nh du ta login hay cha, v.v...Cookie c to ra bi website v gi ti browser, do vy 2 website khc nhau (cho d cng host trn 1 server) s c 2 cookie khc nhau gi ti browser. Ngoi ra, mi browser qun l v lu tr cookie theo cch ring ca mnh, cho nn 2 browser cng truy cp vo 1 website s nhn c 2 cookie khc nhau.Thit lp cookie: thit lp cookie ta s dng c php:Setcookie("tn cookie","gi tr", thi gian sng)Tn cookie l tn m chng ta t cho phin lm vic.Gi tr l thng s ca tn cookie.V d:Setcookie("username","admin", time() +3600)Nh v d trn ta thy vi tn l username v gi tr l admin, c thi gian sng l 1 gi tnh t thi im thit lp.Ch :Kch bn cookie phi t trn mi gi tr tr v bao gm th HTML v lnh echo.Kch bn cookie phi t trn mi gi tr tr v bao gm th HTML v lnh echo.S dng cookie: s dng li cookie va thit lp, chng ta s dng c php:C php: $_COOKIE["tn cookies"]Tn cookie l tn m chng ta thit lp pha trn.Hy Cookie: hy 1 cookie c to ta c th dng 1 trong 2 cch sau:+ C php: setcookie("Tn cookie")Gi hm setcookie vi ch duy nht tn cookie m thi+ Dng thi gian ht hn cookie l thi im trong qu kh.V d:setcookie("name","Username",time()-3600);Session: Mt cch khc qun l ngi s dng l session. Session c hiu l khong thi gian ngi s dng giao tip vi 1 ng dng. Mt session c bt u khi ngi s dng truy cp vo ng dng ln u tin, v kt thc khi ngi s dng thot khi ng dng. Mi session s c c cp mt nh danh (ID) khc nhau v ni dung c lu trong th mc thit lp trong file php.ini (tham s session.save_path).Thit lp session: thit lp 1 session ta s dng c php: session_start()on code ny phi c nm trn cc kch bn HTML. Hoc nhng lnh echo, printf. thit lp 1 gi tr session, ngoi vic cho php bt u thc thi session. Chng ta cn phi ng k 1 gi tr session. tin cho vic gn gi tr cho session .Ta c c php sau: session_register("Name")V d:S dng gi tr ca session:Ging vi cookie. s dng gi tr ca session ta s dng m lnh sau:C php: $_SESSION["name"]$_SESSION["name"]Vi Name l tn m chng ta s dng hm session_register("name") khai bo.Hy b session: hy b gi tr ca session ta c nhng cch sau:session_destroy() // Cho php hy b ton b gi tr ca sessionsession_unset()// Cho php hy b session .6. PHP V MySQL6.1. Khi Nim V MySQLMysql l h qun tr d liu min ph, c tch hp s dng chung vi apache, PHP. Chnh yu t pht trin trong cng ng m ngun m nn mysql qua rt nhiu s h tr ca nhng lp trnh vin yu thch m ngun m. Mysql cng c cng mt cch truy xut v m lnh tng t vi ngn ng SQL. Nhng Mysql khng bao qut ton b nhng cu truy vn cao cp nh SQL. V bn cht Mysql ch p ng vic truy xut n gin trong qu trnh vn hnh ca website nhng hu ht c th gii quyt cc bi ton trong PHP.nh ngha c s d liu, bng, ct:C s d liu: l tn ca c s d liu chng ta mun s dngBng: L 1 bng gi tr nm trong c s d liu.Ct l 1 gi tr nm trong bng. Dng lu tr cc trng d liu. nh ngha 1 s thut ng:NULL : Gi tr cho php rng.AUTO_INCREMENT : Cho php gi tr tng dn (t ng).UNSIGNED : Phi l s nguyn dngPRIMARY KEY : Cho php n l kha chnh trong bng.Loi d liu trong Mysql: y chng t ch gii thiu 1 s loi thng dng: 1 s d liu khc c th tham kho trn trang ch ca mysql.Nhng c php c bn:C php to 1 c s d liu:CREATE DATABASE tn_c_s_d_liu;C php s dng c s d liu: Use tn_database;C php thot khi c s d liu: ExitC php to 1 bng trong c s d liu:CREATE TABLE user ( ,,..)V d:mysql> create table user(id INT(15) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, email VARCHAR(200) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (user_id));Hin th c bao nhiu bng: show tables;Hin th c bao nhiu ct trong bng: show columns from table;Thm 1 ct vo bng :ALTER TABLE tn_bng ADD AFTER V d:mysql> alter table user add sex varchar(200) NOT NULL after email;Thm gi tr vo bng:C php:INSERT INTO Tn_bng(tn_ct) VALUES(Gi_tr_tng_ng);V d:mysql> insert into user(username,password,email,sex,home) values("Lanna","12345","email@gmail.com","F","www.abc.com");Truy xut d liu:C php:SELECT tn_ct FROM Tn_bng;V d:mysql> select id,username from user;Truy xut d liu vi iu kin:C php:SELECT tn_ct FROM Tn_bng WHERE iu kin;V d:mysql> select id,username from user where user_id=2;Truy cp d liu v sp xp theo trnh tC php:SELECT tn_ct FROM Tn_bngWHERE iu kin (c th c where hoc khng)ORDER BY Theo quy c sp xp.Trong quy c sp xp bao gm hai thng s l ASC (t trn xung di), DESC (t di ln trn).mysql> select id,username from user order by username ASC ;Truy cp d liu c gii hn :C php:SELECT tn_ct FROM Tn_bngWHERE iu kin (c th c where hoc khng)LIMIT v tr bt u, s record mun ly raV d:mysql> select user_id,username from user order by username ASC limit 0,10 ;Cp nht d liu trong bng:C php:Update tn_bng set tn_ct=Gi tr miWHERE (iu kin).Nu khng c rng buc iu kin, chng s cp nht ton b gi tr mi ca cc record trong bng.V d:mysql> update user set email="admin@gmail.com" where user_id=1 ; Xa d liu trong bng:C php:DELETE FROM tn_bng WHERE (iu kin).Nu khng c rng buc iu kin, chng s x ton b gi tr ca cc record trong bng.6.2. Kt Ni PHP V MySQLChng ta cng nghin cu v ccc php sql v Mysql c bnbao gm vic to bng, to kt ni, thm, sa, xa cc dng d liu trong c s d liu. V tip theo bi ny, chng ta s cng tm hiu v cch s dng mysql kt hp vi PHP xut ra d liu nh th no.Kt ni c s d liu:C php: mysql_connect("hostname","user","pass")V d: $connect = mysql_connect('localhost', 'root', 'pass');La chn c s d liu:C php:mysql_select_db("tn_CSDL")V d:$conn=mysql_connect("localhost","root","root") or die(" khong the ket noi");mysql_select_db("demo");Thc thi cu lnh truy vn:C php:mysql_query("Cu truy vn y");m s dng d liu trong bng:C php:mysql_num_rows();Ly d liu t bng a vo mng:C php:mysql_fetch_array();ng kt ni c s d liu:C php:mysql_close();V d p dng:...body content that may be captured by the widget...or1 nh ngha mi mt Widget chng ta tha k t CWidget v override lp init() v run():classMyWidgetextendsCWidget{publicfunctioninit(){// this method is called by CController::beginWidget()}publicfunctionrun(){// this method is called by CController::endWidget()}}Componentng dng Yii c xy dng da trn cc Component l cc i tng vn bn c t mt cch r rng. Component l mt th hin ca CComponent hoc lp dn xut ca n. S dng mt Component ch yu lin quan n vic truy cp vo thuc tnh v nng cao / x l cc s kin.ModuleModule l mt phn c lp gm cc model, view, controller v cc thnh phn h tr khc. Trong nhiu kha cnh, module ging nh mt ng dng. S khc nhau chnh l module khng th trin khai mt mnh m n phi nm bn trong ca mt ng dng. Ngi dng c th truy cp n cc controller trong mt module nh mt ng dng bnh thng.