Giant Excel

Introduction to and Operating Instructions for 457.xls1. 457.xls is a spreadsheet intented as a companion to "Integrated Solid Waste Management" Tchobanoglous, Theisen and Vigil, McGraw-Hill 1993, ISBN 0-07-063237-52. The problem or example reference (tab at bottom of page) is also the spreadsheet title e.g. spreadsheet Pr3-4 refers to problem 3-4 on p.67 of the referenced text3. The user is encouraged to make a copy of the original disk and use the copied disk as a working tool.4. When working with a particular sheet, is recommended that the Edit>Move or Copy Sheet menu be exercised to create a copy of the sheet of interest. Check on "Create a copy".

EDIT THIS COLUMN or EDIT THIS FIELD is often included. 6. The sheets may be unlocked with Tools>Protection>Unprotect Sheet; the sheets may be locked with Tools>Protection>Protect Sheet7. Many styles of graphs have been included as a demonstration.8. The sheets may be used in a variety of ways including Tools> Goal Seek which can adjust a chosen cell to meet a desired target.

5. The sheets have been "locked". Generally only the columns that are bolded can be edited or changed. The comment

Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW in the USA, T3-7, p.52

Typical Physical Composition of Residental MSW in the USA, Table 3-7, p.52All Units: Percent by Weight

Component

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 9.4 8.0 8.4Paper 34.0 33.8 35.8 35.6Cardboard 6.0 6.0 6.4 6.4Plastics 7.0 7.0 6.9 6.9Textiles 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8Rubber 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4Leather 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4Yard Wastes 18.5 18.4 17.3 17.2Wood 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 7.9 9.1 9.0Tin cans 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.8Aluminum 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6Other metal 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up.

Solid Waste as collected plus food waste that is ground up,but excluding waste components now recycled

Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled,but excluding food waste that is ground up

Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled and plus food waste that is ground up

excluding Recycle; excluding Food

excluding Recycle; including Food

including Recycle; excluding Food

including Recycle; including Food

Typical Physical Composition of Residential MSW in the USA, T3-7, p.52





0.0

5.0

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Typical Physical Composition of MSW

Food wastes

Paper

Cardboard

Plastics

Textiles

Rubber

Leather

Yard Wastes

Wood

Glass

Tin cans

Aluminum

Other metal

Dirt, ash, etc.

Solid Waste As Collected

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Impact of Food Waste Grinders and Waste Recycling on MSW, Example 3-1, p.53

Component[1] [2] [3] [4]=[3]x.11 [5] [6] [7]=[4]+[5] [8]

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 0.0 0.00 8.01 9.5 8.0 8.4Paper 34.0 50.0 5.50 30.26 33.8 35.8 35.6Cardboard 6.0 10.0 1.10 5.34 6.0 6.4 6.4Plastics 7.0 6.0 0.66 6.23 7.0 6.9 6.9Textiles 2.0 0.0 0.00 1.78 2.0 1.8 1.8Rubber 0.5 0.0 0.00 0.45 0.5 0.4 0.4Leather 0.5 0.0 0.00 0.45 0.5 0.4 0.4Yard Wastes 18.5 8.0 0.88 16.47 18.4 17.3 17.3Wood 2.0 0.0 0.00 1.78 2.0 1.8 1.8Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 18.0 1.98 7.12 8.0 9.1 9.1Tin cans 6.0 4.0 0.44 5.34 6.0 5.8 5.8Aluminum 0.5 1.0 0.11 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.6Other metal 3.0 3.0 0.33 2.67 3.0 3.0 3.0Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 0.0 0.00 2.67 3.0 2.7 2.7

Total 100.0 100.0 11.0 89.0 100.0 100.0 100.01189 weight not including recycling, based on 100 lbs, 100-recycled weight

Note: Col 7 and Col 8 are based on the formula FWa,lb=FW/[Hw/o +Hw(1-fwg)]Col 6, Col 8 FWa,adjusted food waste

Col 2 FW,as collected food waste80 Hw/o, fraction of homes without food waste grinders, typical decimal .80(=80%), 20

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. percent by weight

Solid Waste components now recycled ( not reflected in as collected distribution) percent by weight

Weight of solid waste components now recycled (11 lb based on a total of 100 lb excluding ground up food waste), lb, see row 25 note

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste now recycled (89 lb based on a total of 100 lb excluding ground up food waste), lb, see row 26 note

Solid Waste as collected plus ground up food waste, but excluding waste components now recycled. percent by weight, see row 28 note

Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled,but excluding food waste that is ground up. percent by weight

Solid Waste as collected plus waste components now recycled and plus food waste that is ground up, percent by weight, see row 28 note





weight recycled, lbs, based on 100 lbs, based on percent recycled, between 11-16%, T6-7, p.147, EDIT THIS FIELD

Hw, fraction of homes with food waste grinders, typical decimal .20(=20%), EDIT THIS FIELD

25 fwg, fraction of food waste that is ground up, typical decimal .25(=25%), EDIT THIS FIELD

As Generated Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-3, p.67

Component[1] [2] [3] [4]=[3]x.25 [5]=[2]x.75 [6]=[4]+[5]

OrganicFood wastes 9.4 0.0 0.0 7.1 7.1Paper 33.8 44.0 11.0 25.4 36.4Cardboard 6.0 6.0 1.5 4.5 6.0Plastics 7.0 10.0 2.5 5.3 7.8Textiles 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.5Rubber 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4Leather 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4Yard Wastes 18.4 16.0 4.0 13.8 17.8Wood 2.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.5Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 7.9 12.0 3.0 5.9 8.9Tin cans 6.0 6.0 1.5 4.5 6.0Aluminum 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4Other metal 3.0 6.0 1.5 2.3 3.8Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.3

Total 100.0 100.0 25.0 75.0 100.0

2575 Note 3: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is NOT being recycled, e.g. 100%-25%(recycled) = 75% not recycled

Solid Waste as collected plus ground up food waste, but excluding waste components now recycled. percent by weight, see row 28 note, T3-7, p52

Solid Waste components now separated but not reflected under the collected component distribution, percent by weight, Note 1

Weight of solid waste components now separated, 25 lbs based on a total of 100 lb, i.e. 25%, Note 2

Weight of Solid Waste components excluding the separated items, 75 lbs based on total of 100 lbs, i.e. 75%, also 100-25. Note 3.

As generated distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight

Note 1: Breakdown of the 25% that is being recycled e.g. of the 25% being recycled, 44% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C, total must be 100%,Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 25% to recycling, 75% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, Col to left

As Collected Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-4, p.67

Component[1] [2] [3] [4]=[3]x.50 [5]=[2]x.50 [6]=[4]+[5]



Total 100.0 100.0 50.0 50.0 100.0




Weight of solid waste components now separated, 50%

Weight of Solid Waste components now separated, 50 lbs based on total of 100 lbs, i.e. 50%, also 100-75. Note 3.

As collected distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight

Note 1: Breakdown of the 50% that is being recycled e.g. of the 50% being recycled, 40% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C(3), total must be 100%,

Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 50% to recycling, 50% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, no. to left

Moisture Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-1, p.72


Component Dry Weight, lbs[1] [2] [3] [2]x[3]/100 [2]x[100-[3]]/100

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 70 6.3 2.7Paper 34.0 6 2.0 32.0Cardboard 6.0 5 0.3 5.7Plastics 7.0 2 0.1 6.9Textiles 2.0 10 0.2 1.8Rubber 0.5 2 0.0 0.5Leather 0.5 10 0.1 0.5Yard Wastes 18.5 60 11.1 7.4Wood 2.0 20 0.4 1.6Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 2 0.2 7.8Tin cans 6.0 3 0.2 5.8Aluminum 0.5 2 0.0 0.5Other metal 3.0 3 0.1 2.9Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 8 0.2 2.8

Total 100.0 21.2 78.8

21.2 Note: The number to the left is the overall moisture content, total col 4.%, moisture Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste and/or moisture content

% by weight T3-7, p.52

Moisture Content, %, T4-1, p.70

Weight of Water, lbs.

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Moisture Content of Typical MSW

Components

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Estimation of Chemical Composition of MSW, Ex4-2, p.81

Page No.17

Chemical Composition of MSW ex4-2, p.81 also Estimation of Energy Content, ex.4-4, p.86

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8[ [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]100-[3] [2]x[5]/100 [5]x[6]/100 [5]x[8]/100 [5]x[10]/100 [5]x[12]/100 [5]x[14]/100 [5]x[16]/100

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 70.0 30.0 2.7 48.0 1.30 6.4 0.17 37.60 1.02 2.6 0.07 0.4 0.01 5.0 0.14Paper 34.0 6.0 94.0 32.0 43.5 13.90 6.0 1.92 44.00 14.06 0.3 0.10 0.2 0.06 6.0 1.92Cardboard 6.0 5.0 95.0 5.7 44.0 2.51 5.9 0.34 44.60 2.54 0.3 0.02 0.2 0.01 5.0 0.29Plastics 7.0 2.0 98.0 6.9 60.0 4.12 7.2 0.49 22.80 1.56 0.0 0.00 0 0.00 10.0 0.69Textiles 2.0 10.0 90.0 1.8 55.0 0.99 6.6 0.12 31.20 0.56 4.6 0.08 0.15 0.00 2.5 0.05Rubber 0.5 2.0 98.0 0.5 78.0 0.38 10.0 0.05 0.00 0.00 2.0 0.01 0 0.00 10.0 0.05Leather 0.5 10.0 90.0 0.5 60.0 0.27 8.0 0.04 11.60 0.05 10.0 0.05 0.4 0.00 10.0 0.05Yard Wastes 18.5 60.0 40.0 7.4 47.8 3.54 6.0 0.44 38.00 2.81 3.4 0.25 0.3 0.02 4.5 0.33Wood 2.0 20.0 80.0 1.6 49.5 0.79 6.0 0.10 42.70 0.68 0.2 0.00 0.1 0.00 1.5 0.02

Total 79.5 59.0 27.79 3.66 23.29 0.58 0.11 3.52

59.0 vs. 59.0 Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight.20.5 Moisture Content Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 20.5, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 79.5-59.0=20.5

Note:Total weight=wet weight+dry weight=100lbs, e.g. 79.5+20.5=100.0, OKNote: EDIT the bolded columns wet weight and/or moisture content

Component, Basis 100 lbs total weight

Wet weight, lbs. Table 3-7, p.52

Moisture Content, %, Table 4-1, p.71

Dry weight, %

Dry weight, lbs

C, % by weight,

dry basis, T4-4, p.81

C, Composition, lbs

H, % by weight,


H, Composition, lbs

O, % by weight,


O, Composition, lbs

N, % by weight,


N, Composition, lbs

S, % by weight,


S, Composition, lbs

Ash, % by

weight, dry

basis, T4-4, p.81

Ash, Composition, lbs


Page No.18

Carbon 27.79 27.79

Hydrogen 3.66 5.95Oxygen 23.29 41.55Nitrogen 0.58 0.58Sulfur 0.11 0.11Ash 3.52 3.52Total 59.0 79.5

20.5 Total moisture content2.28 Hydrogen proportion

18.26 Oxygen proportionNote: The total without H2O must match the original wet weight e.g. 79.5.

Carbon 12.01 2.314 2.314Hydrogen 1.01 3.628 5.888Oxygen 16 1.456 2.597Nitrogen 14.01 0.041 0.041Sulfur 32.07 0.004 0.004

Component, weight in lbs.

Without H2O

With H2O, includes moisture as indicated below

Note: The moisture e.g. 20.5, must be distrubed between H & O. Since water is H20. e.g. the total molecular weight is 18, 2/18 is H; 16/18 is ).

Molar Composition With H2O and Without H2O, Neglecting the Ash


Atomic Weight, lbs/mole

Without H2O, moles

With H2O, moles


Page No.19

Approximate Chemical Formula

Carbon 56.3 56.3 648.6 648.6Hydrogen 88.3 143.3 1016.9 1650.2Oxygen 35.4 63.2 408.0 727.9Nitrogen 1.0 1.0 11.5 11.5 Note: Formulas must be manually adjusted based on table to the leftSulfur 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0

Energy Value Using Dulong Formula

Carbon 12.01 648.6 7,790 36.58Hydrogen 1.01 1650.2 1,667 7.83 C, H, O, S, N=+% by weightOxygen 16 727.9 11,646 54.69 Including Sulfur and waterNitrogen 14.01 11.5 161 0.76 14,262 BTU/lbSulfur 32.07 1.0 32 0.15Total 21,296 100.00

Component, mole ratios

Nitrogen=1,Without H2O

Nitrogen=1, With H2O

Sulfur=1,Without H2O

Sulfur=1, With H2O

Chemical fomula without sulfur

Chemical formula with sulfur

Without H2O C56.3H88.3O35.4N C648.6H1016.9O408N11.5SWith H2O C56.3H143.3O63.2N C648.6H1650.2O727.9N11.5S



Number of atoms per mole, from chemical formula

Weight contribution of each element, number of atoms/mol

%, Weight contribution/Total

Estimation of energy content of MSW based on chemical BTU/lb=145C+610(H2+O2/8)+40S+10N

Energy Content of Typical MSW, Ex4-3, p.85


ComponentOrganicFood wastes 9.0 2,000 18,000Paper 34.0 7,200 244,800Cardboard 6.0 7,000 42,000Plastics 7.0 14,000 98,000Textiles 2.0 7,500 15,000Rubber 0.5 10,000 5,000Leather 0.5 7,500 3,750Yard Wastes 18.5 2,800 51,800Wood 2.0 8,000 16,000Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 60 480Tin cans 6.0 300 1,800Aluminum 0.5 0 0Other metal 3.0 300 900Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 3,000 9,000

Total 100.0 506,530

5065.3BTU/lb Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total of the last column by 100 lbs.

Note: EDIT the bolded column, solid waste

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. lb, based on 100 lbs. T3-7, p.52

Energy, BTU/lb, T4-5, p.84

Total Energy, BTU

Note: The number to the left is the as discarded density in BTU/lb.


4%

48%

8%

19%

3%

1%1%

10%

3% 0%0%0% 2%

Energy Content of Typical MSW

Food wastes

Paper

Cardboard

Plastics

Textiles

Rubber

Leather

Yard Wastes

Wood

Misc. Organics

Inorganic

Glass

Tin cans

Aluminum

Other metal

Dirt, ash, etc.

Specific Weight of Typical MSW, Problem 4-1, p.97


Component[1] [2] [3] [2]/[3]

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 490 0.018Paper 34.0 150 0.227Cardboard 6.0 85 0.071Plastics 7.0 110 0.064Textiles 2.0 110 0.018Rubber 0.5 220 0.002Leather 0.5 270 0.002Yard Wastes 18.5 170 0.109Wood 2.0 400 0.005Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 330 0.024Tin cans 6.0 150 0.040Aluminum 0.5 270 0.002Other metal 3.0 540 0.006Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 810 0.004

Total 100.0 0.591

169

Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste and/or specific weight.

Weight, based on 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52

Specific Weight, lb/ft3, T4-1, o.70 Volume, yd3

Note: The number to the left is the overall specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total col.3 e.g. 100/.59

lbs/ft3

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Specific Weight of Typical MSW

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Ideal Gas in Contact With Water, Problem 5-8, p.121

Page No.31


Note: Edit the bolded numbers: gas, temperature, concentration and molecular weightHc=H/RT eq.F-2, p. 938

5.49E-03

8.21E-05

20

2930.228 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form

200 Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase,ppm e.g. 200 ppm78.11 Molecular Weight, Table H-1, p.944 e.g. benzene22.40 Liters, Volume of gas at STP

24.04

6.50E+05

Cs=Cg/Hc eq. 9-1, p.937200 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form, from previous calculation

6.50E+05

2.85E+06 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, ug/m32.85 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, mg/l

Example Gas Concentration in ppm: Use Benzene at T=20oC

H=Henry's Law Constant, m3.atm/g-mol from Table H-1, p.944, e.g. benzene

R= Universal gas law constant, 8.2057 x 10-5 m3.atm/g.mol.K

T= Temperature, oC

T= Temperature, K(273 + oC)

Cg given concentration in ppm (convert to units of ug/m3)

Adjusted Gas Volume based on temperature, e.g. 20oC, 22.4L air (STP) x (273+20)/273=24.04Example for 200 ppm of benzene in air: Cg= (200ppm)(1.0L Benzene/106L air)(78.11g Benzene/ 24.04L Benzene)(106ug/g)(103L/m3)

Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase, ug/m3



Page No.32

Note: Edit the bolded numbers: gas, temperature, concentration and molecular weightHc=H/RT eq.F-2, p. 938

3.70E-03

8.21E-05

20

2930.154 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form

700 Cg= concentration of contaminant in the gas phase,ppm e.g. 200 ppm112.56 Molecular Weight, Table H-1, p.944 e.g. benzene22.40 Liters, Volume of gas at STP

24.04

7.00E+05

Cs=Cg/Hc eq. 9-1, p.937700 Hc= Henry's Law Constant, unitless form, from previous calculation

7.00E+05

4.55E+064.55 Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, mg/l

Example:Gas Concentration in mg/m3 :Use Chlorobenzene at T=20oC

H=Henry's Law Constant, m3.atm/g-mol from Table H-1, p.944, e.g. benzene

R= Universal gas law constant, 8.2057 x 10-5 m3.atm/g.mol.K

T= Temperature, oC

T= Temperature, K(273 + oC)

Cg given concentration in mg/m3 (convert to units of ug/m3)

Adjusted Gas Volume based on temperature, e.g. 20oC, 22.4L air (STP) x (273+20)/273=24.04Example for 700 mg/m3 of chlorobenzen in air: Cg= (700mg/m3)(103ug/mg)



Cs= concentration of contaminant in the liquid phase, ug/m3

Comparison of Residential Waste Separation Programs, Ex.7-1, p.164

Component1002580

Note: Recycled components appear in the "Recycled Categories" column; move components into(recycled) or out of (not recycled) this column .

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 3 0.0 9.0 4Paper 34.0 34.0 1 6.8 34.0 34.0 1Cardboard 6.0 2 0.0 6.0 6.0 1Plastics 7.0 7.0 3 5.6 7.0 7.0 2Textiles 2.0 3 0.0 2.0 4Rubber 0.5 0.5 3 0.4 0.5 4Leather 0.5 3 0.0 0.5 4Yard Wastes 18.5 3 0.0 18.5 18.5 3Wood 2.0 3 0.0 2.0 4Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 8.0 2 6.4 8.0 8.0 2Tin cans 6.0 3 0.0 6.0 6.0 2Aluminum 0.5 0.5 2 0.4 0.5 0.5 2Other metal 3.0 2 0.0 3.0 3.0 2Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 3 0.0 3.0 4

Total 100.0 19.6 100.0

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. T3-7, p.52

Recycled Categories, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Container Number, 1= newspaper; 2= glass, plastic, aluminum; 3=remaining waste

Separated for Recycle

Solid Waste as collected excluding waste components now recycled and excluding food waste that is ground up. T3-7, p.52

Recycled Categories, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Container Number, 1= all paper and cardboard; 2= plastic, glass, tin cans, aluminum, other metals; 3=garden wastes; 4=remaining waste

participation rate, EDIT THIS NUMBER% newspaper of total paper, EDIT THIS NUMBERpercent of the available material that is separated for recycling, EDIT THIS NUMBER

0.027.2

4.85.60.00.00.0

14.80.0

6.44.80.42.40.0

66.4

Separated for Recycle

Effect of Home Separation of Energy Content, Ex.7-3, p.183

Component Total Energy, BTU

[1] [2] [3] [4]=[2]x[3] [5] [6]=[3]x[100-[5]]/100 [1]OrganicFood wastes 9.0 2,000 18,000 9.0 18,000Paper 34.0 7,200 244,800 60 13.6 97,920Cardboard 6.0 7,000 42,000 90 0.6 4,200Plastics 7.0 14,000 98,000 7.0 98,000Textiles 2.0 7,500 15,000 2.0 15,000Rubber 0.5 10,000 5,000 0.5 5,000Leather 0.5 7,500 3,750 0.5 3,750Yard Wastes 18.5 2,800 51,800 18.5 51,800Wood 2.0 8,000 16,000 2.0 16,000Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 60 480 8.0 480Tin cans 6.0 300 1,800 6.0 1,800Aluminum 0.5 0 0 0.5 0Other metal 3.0 300 900 3.0 900Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 3,000 9,000 3.0 9,000

Total 100.0 506,530 74.2 321,850

5065.3Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total energy by the weight, e.g. 506,530 BTU/ 100 lbs.

4337.6 Note: The number to the left is the energy value of the revised waste in BTU/lb.Note: The number is obtained by dividing the revised total energy by the revised weight e.g. 321,850/74.2 lbs.



Percent separated by the homeowner, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Revised solid waste, .b based on 100 less separated material

Revised Total Energy, BTU

Note: The number to the left is the energy value of the original waste in BTU/lb.

14.37 Note: The number to the left is the percent difference between the orginal and revised wastes.

Effect of Home Compactors On Volume, Ex.7-4, p.185

Component[1] [2] [3] [4]=[2]/[3]

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 490 0.0184 9.0 0.0184Paper 34.0 150 0.2267 34.0 0.2267Cardboard 6.0 167 0.0359 6.0 0.0359Plastics 7.0 110 0.0636 7.0 0.0636Textiles 2.0 110 0.0182 2.0 0.0182Rubber 0.5 220 0.0023 0.5 0.0023Leather 0.5 270 0.0019 0.5 0.0019Yard Wastes 18.5 170 0.1088Wood 2.0 400 0.0050Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 330 0.0242 8.0 0.0242Tin cans 6.0 150 0.0400 6.0 0.0400Aluminum 0.5 270 0.0019 0.5 0.0019Other metal 3.0 540 0.0056Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 810 0.0037

Total 100.0 0.5561 73.5 0.4330

Note: The density of Cardboard has been adjusted to 167 to reflect some compaction by hand

179.8

169.7


Specific Weight, lb/ft3, T4-1, p.70 Volume, yd3

Revised Weight, lbs, Excluding components typically NOT placed in a compactor, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Revised Volume, yd3, excluding components usually NOT placed in home waste compactors

Note: The number to the left is the overall specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total the volume. 100/.5561

Note: The number to the left is the revised specific weight, lb/yd3, e.g. 73.5/.4330

lbs/yd3

Volume Reduction Attendant to Combustion, Problem 9-16, p.321

Component Dry Weight, lb Weight ash, lbs

[1] [2] [3] [4]=[2]/[3] [5] [7] [8]=OrganicFood wastes 9.0 490 0.0184 70 2.7 5.0 0.14Paper 34.0 150 0.2267 6 32.0 6.0 1.92Cardboard 6.0 85 0.0706 5 5.7 5.0 0.29Plastics 7.0 110 0.0636 2 6.9 10.0 0.69Textiles 2.0 110 0.0182 10 1.8 2.5 0.05Rubber 0.5 220 0.0023 2 0.5 10.0 0.05Leather 0.5 270 0.0019 10 0.5 10.0 0.05Yard Wastes 18.5 170 0.1088 60 7.4 4.5 0.33Wood 2.0 400 0.0050 20 1.6 1.5 0.02Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 330 0.0242 2 7.8 98.9 7.75Tin cans 6.0 150 0.0400 3 5.8 90.5 5.27Aluminum 0.5 270 0.0019 2 0.5 90.5 0.44Other metal 3.0 540 0.0056 3 2.9 90.5 2.63Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 810 0.0037 8 2.8 68.0 1.88

Total 100.0 0.5907 78.8 21.5

0.5907

0.0215

96.36 Note: The number to the left is the volume reduction, e.g. (.59-.0215)/.59 x 100

Weight, based on 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Specific Weight, lb/ft3, T4-1, p.70 Volume, yd3

Moisture, %, T4-1, p. 70

Ash, %, T4-4, p.81

[6]=[2]*(100-[5])/100

Note: The number to the left is the original volume , e.g. .5907 yd3

yd3

Note: The number to the left is ash volume assuming the average ash density is 1000 lb/yd3, e.g. 21.5/1000

lbs/yd3

Amount of Gas Derived from Organic MSW, Ex. 11-2, p.390

Page No.40

Amount of Gas Derived from Organic MSW, Example 11-2, p.390

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8[ [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]100-[3] [2]x[5]/100 [5]x[6]/100 [5]x[8]/100 [5]x[10]/100 [5]x[12]/100 [5]x[14]/100 [5]x[16]/100

Rapidly decomposable organic constituentsFood wastes 9.0 70.0 30.0 2.7 48.0 1.30 6.4 0.17 37.60 1.02 2.6 0.07 0.4 0.01 5.0 0.14Paper 34.0 6.0 94.0 32.0 43.5 13.90 6.0 1.92 44.00 14.06 0.3 0.10 0.2 0.06 6.0 1.92Cardboard 6.0 5.0 95.0 5.7 44.0 2.51 5.9 0.34 44.60 2.54 0.3 0.02 0.2 0.01 5.0 0.29Yard Wastes 11.1 60.0 40.0 4.4 47.8 2.12 6.0 0.27 38.00 1.69 3.4 0.15 0.3 0.01 4.5 0.20

Total 60.1 259.0 44.80 19.83 2.69 19.31 0.33 0.10 2.54Slowly decomposable organic constituentsTextiles 2.0 10.0 90.0 1.8 55.0 0.99 6.6 0.12 31.20 0.56 4.6 0.08 0.15 0.00 2.5 0.05Rubber 0.5 2.0 98.0 0.5 78.0 0.38 10.0 0.05 0.00 0.00 2.0 0.01 0 0.00 10.0 0.05Leather 0.5 10.0 90.0 0.5 60.0 0.27 8.0 0.04 11.60 0.05 10.0 0.05 0.4 0.00 10.0 0.05Yard Wastes 7.4 60.0 40.0 3.0 47.8 1.41 6.0 0.18 38.00 1.12 3.4 0.10 0.3 0.01 4.5 0.13Wood 2.0 20.0 80.0 1.6 49.5 0.79 6.0 0.10 42.70 0.68 0.2 0.00 0.1 0.00 1.5 0.02

Total 12.4 398.0 7.30 3.85 0.48 2.42 0.24 0.01 0.30

44.80 44.80 Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight.7.3 vs. 7.3 Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight.15.3 Moisture Content Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 15.3, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 60.1-44.8=15.3 5.1 Moisture Content Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 5.1, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 12.4-7.3=5.1

Note: EDIT the bolded columns wet weight and/or moisture content




Dry weight, %

Dry weight, lbs

C, % by weight,


C, Composition, lbs

H, % by weight,


H, Composition, lbs

O, % by weight,


O, Composition, lbs

N, % by weight, dry basis, T4-4, p.81

N, Composition, lbs

S, % by weight,


S, Composition, lbs

Ash, % by

weight, dry

basis, T4-4, p.81



Page No.41

Molar Composition Without Sulfur

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]=[3]/N [6]=[4]/N [3]=[2]*[5] [8]=[2]*[6]Carbon 12.01 1.6510 0.3205 69 19 831 223Hydrogen 1.01 2.6664 0.4727 112 27 113 28Oxygen 16 1.2067 0.1514 51 9 810 141Nitrogen 14.01 0.0239 0.0172 1 1 14 14

1,768 406

Total Molecular Weights

Molecular Weight Total Weight Molecular Weight Total Weight[1] [2] [3] [4]=[2]*[3] [1] [2] [3] [4]=[2]*[3]

1768 1 1768 406 1 40618 16 288 18 9 16216 35 560 16 11 17644 33 1452 44 9 396



Molar Composition, Rapidly Decomposable, lbs/atomic weight

Molar Compostition, Slowly Decomposable, lbs/atomic weight

Mole Ratio Rapidly Decomposable (nitrogen=1)

Mole Ratio Slowly Decomposable (nitrogen=1)

Molecular Weight of Rapidly Decomposable

Molecular Weight of Slowly Decomposable

Rapidly decomposable formula = C69H112O51N1

Slowly decomposable formula = C19H27O9N1

Rapidly Decomposable Example Formula: C69H112O51N1 +16H2O ---> 35CH4 + 33CO2 + NH3

Slowly Decomposable Example Formula: C19H27O9N1 +9H2O ---> 11CH4 + 9CO2 + NH3

Molecule, Rapidly Decomposable

No. of molcules, enter manually after balancing equation

Molecule, Slowly Decomposable

No. of molcules, Enter manually after balancing equation

C69H112O51N1 C69H112O51N1

H20 H20CH4 CH4

CO2 CO2

These columns must be manually entered using the coefficients of the appropriate molecule from the above

balanced equation.

These columns must be manually entered using the coefficients of the appropriate molecule from the above

balanced equation.


Page No.42

17 1 17 17 1 17NH3 NH3


Page No.43

Determination of the Volume of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Produced

Rapidly 317 298Slowly 71 58

0.04480.1235

Note: Sample calculation: wt(CH4)*dry wt / (Rapid total wt*spec wt)Note: Sample calculation: (396*7.3)/(406*.1235)=58

Total Theoretical Amount of Gas per Unit Dry Weight of Organic Matter Destroyed

Rapidly 13.72Slowly 17.59

Methane, ft3,

Carbon Dioxide, ft3

Density of methane, lb/ft3 @ STP, this entry may be edited.Density of carbon dioxide, lb/ft3 @ STP, this entry may be edited

Total amount of gas per unit dry wt, lb/ft3

Determination of Density of Compacted MSW, With and Without Diversion, Example 11-5, p.474

Component[1] [2] [3] [4=][2]/[3] [6] [7]=[5]*[6] [8] [9] [10]=[7]*[9]/100[11]=[2]*[9]/100 [12] [13]=[7]-[12]

OrganicFood wastes 9.0 490 0.0184 0.33 0.0061 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 0.0000 0.0061Paper 34.0 150 0.2267 0.15 0.0340 34.0 50.0 17.0 17.0 0.0170 0.0170Cardboard 6.0 85 0.0706 0.18 0.0127 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0000 0.0127Plastics 7.0 110 0.0636 0.10 0.0064 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.0000 0.0064Textiles 2.0 110 0.0182 0.15 0.0027 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0000 0.0027Rubber 0.5 220 0.0023 0.30 0.0007 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0000 0.0007Leather 0.5 270 0.0019 0.30 0.0006 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0000 0.0006Yard Wastes 18.5 170 0.1088 0.20 0.0218 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.5 0.0000 0.0218Wood 2.0 400 0.0050 0.30 0.0015 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0000 0.0015Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 330 0.0242 0.40 0.0097 8.0 80.0 6.4 1.6 0.0078 0.0019Tin cans 6.0 150 0.0400 0.15 0.0060 6.0 80.0 4.8 1.2 0.0048 0.0012Aluminum 0.5 270 0.0019 0.15 0.0003 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0000 0.0003Other metal 3.0 540 0.0056 0.30 0.0017 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0000 0.0017Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 810 0.0037 0.75 0.0028 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0000 0.0028

Total 100.0 0.59 0.1068 71.8 0.0772

936.5

929.80.7 Note: The number to the left is the percent change

Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste, specific weight, items recovered and/or percent of items recovered.

Weight, based on 100 lbs., T3-7, p.52, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Specific Weight, lb/yd3, T4-1, p.70,EDIT THIS COLUMN

Volume, yd3

Compaction Factor, T11-24, p.474

Compacted Volume in Landfill, yd3

Items Recovered, i.e. do NOT go to the landfill, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Percent of items recovered, i.e. does NOT go to the landfill, EDIT THIS COLUMN

Weight of removed materials, lbs

Adjusted weight, original weight less weight removed, lb

Volume of removed materials, yd3

Adjusted volume, original volume less items removed, yd3

Note: The number to the left is the original specific weight, lb/yd3, 100 lb/total, 100lb/.1068yd3

Note: The number to the left is the revised specific weight, lb/yd3, 71.8lb/.0772yd3

Landfill Gas GenerationEx11-8, p.496

Landfill Gas Generation, Example 11-8, p. 496

End of Year

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]100-[3] [2]x[5]/100 0 0.00

Rapidly Biodegradable Waste, RBW, organic constituents 0.00Food wastes 9.0 70.0 30.0 2.7 1 0.00Paper 34.0 6.0 94.0 32.0 2.80Cardboard 6.0 5.0 95.0 5.7 2 5.60Yard Wastes 11.1 60.0 40.0 4.4 4.90

3 4.20Total 60.1 259.0 44.80 3.50Slowly Biodegradable Waste, SBW, organic constituents 4 2.80Textiles 2.0 10.0 90.0 1.8 2.10Rubber 0.5 2.0 98.0 0.5 5 1.40Leather 0.5 10.0 90.0 0.5 0.70Yard Wastes 7.4 60.0 40.0 3.0 6 0.00Wood 2.0 20.0 80.0 1.6 Total 14.00

Total 12.4 398.0 7.30

5 Landfill life, years5 Time period for total decomposition for RBW, years

15 Time period for total decomposition of SBW matter, years

14

16

5.600

2.13375 Fraction of the total waste that is RBW, percent50 Fraction of the total waste that is SBW, percent

44.80 Dry weight, RBW, lbs, from above calculations7.30 Dry weight, SBW, lbs, from above calculations

0.336 Fraction of weight that is RBW, lb RBW/lb, e.g. 44.8/750.0365 Fraction of weight that is SBW, lb SBW/lb, e.g. 7.30/50

4.704

0.584




Dry weight, %

Dry weight, lbs

Rate of RBW gas production, ft3/yr

RBW Gas production, ft3

Landfill gas produced from RBW deposited, ft3/lb dry solids

Landfill gas produced from SBW deposited, ft3/lb dry solids

Peak production for RBW, ft3/lb dry solids, e.g. 14ft3/lb=.5*5years*peak, see diagram

Peak production for SBW, ft3/lb dry solids, e.g. 16ft3/lb=.5*5years*peak, see diagram

Total amount of gas produced per lb of RBW, e.g. .336*14ft3/lb

Total amount of gas produced per lb of SBW, e.g. .0365*16ft3/lb

These numbers must be equal.


1 2 3 4 5

5 10 15

RBW Gas Production Rate, ft3/yr

Time, years

Area of Triangle=.5bh=.5(5years)*peak14ft3=.5*5*peakpeak=5.6ft3/yr

Area in Triangle = 14ft3

Rate@ end of 3rd year=Peak*(5-3)/(5-1)=5.6ft3/yr*2/4=2.8ft3/yr

Volume between years 3&4=area of trapezoid =.5*(1year)(rate at 3+rate at 4)=.5*1*(2,8+1.4)=2.1ft3

SBW Gas Production Rate, ft3/yr

Time, years

Area in Triangle = 16ft3

Area of Triangle=.5bh=.5(5years)*peak16ft3=.5*5*peakpeak=2.133ft3/yr

Rate@ end of 12th year=Peak*(10-7)/(15-5)=2.133ft3/yr*3/10=.640ft3/yr

Volume between years 12&13=area of trapezoid =.5*(1year)(rate at 12+rate at 13)=.5*1*(.640+.427)=.534ft3

Assumptions and Comments:1. The landfill life is 5 years which is unrealistically short, nonetheless, the enclose calculations provide a starting point for a longer analysis. All calculations are based on 1 pound of waste.2. For RBW and SBW, the gas production and rate of gas production is modelled by a triangle whose ordinate, y, value is the gas production rate, ft3/yr, and whose abscissa, x, value is the time in years. In other words, the rate at any time is the corresponding rate, y value, associated with that time. The area under the curve is the gas production, ft3. The gas production between the end of year 3 and the end of year 4 is the area under the curve for those time periods which in this case is a trapezoid whose base is 1 year (4-3) and whose bases are the rates at years 3 and 4. Area trapezoid=.5h(b1+b2).3. For RBW, the time period for activity is 5 years and the peak is achieved at the end of the first year leaving 4 years after the peak. From the peak, the rate slopes to 0 at the end of the 4th year which is the beginning of the 5th year. The peak is, therefore, PEAK*4/4, the rate at the end of year 2 is PEAK*3/4; year 3=PEAK*2/4; year 4=1/4; year 5 is 0. The total area under the curve is 14ft3. 4.For SBW, the time period for activity is 15 years and the peak is achieved at the end of year 5 leaving 10 years after the peak. From the peak, the rate slopes to 0 at the end of the 15th year which is the beginning of the 16th year. The peak is, therefore, PEAK*10/10, the rate at the end of year 6 is PEAK*9/10; year 7=PEAK*8/10; year 8=7/10 etc.; year 15 is 0. The total area under the curve is 16ft3.


Volume between years 12&13=area of trapezoid =.5*(1year)(rate at 12+rate at 13)=.5*1*(.640+.427)=.534ft3


Yearly Production Rates From RWB and SWB per Pound of Total Waste

0 0.000 0 0.000 0.000 0.0000.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

1 0.000 1 0.000 0.000 0.0000.213 0.941 0.008 0.949

2 0.427 2 1.882 0.016 1.8970.640 1.646 0.023 1.670

3 0.853 3 1.411 0.031 1.4421.067 1.176 0.039 1.215

4 1.280 4 0.941 0.047 0.9881.493 0.706 0.055 0.760

5 1.707 5 0.470 0.062 0.5331.920 0.235 0.070 0.305

6 2.133 6 0.000 0.078 0.0782.027 0.000 0.074 0.074

7 1.920 7 0.000 0.070 0.0701.813 0.066 0.066

8 1.707 8 0.062 0.0621.600 0.058 0.058

9 1.493 9 0.055 0.0551.387 0.051 0.051

10 1.280 10 0.047 0.047

1.173 0.043 0.043

11 1.067 11 0.039 0.039

0.960 0.035 0.03512 0.853 12 0.031 0.031

0.747 0.027 0.02713 0.640 13 0.023 0.023

0.533 0.019 0.01914 0.427 14 0.016 0.016

0.320 0.012 0.012

15 0.213 15 0.008 0.008

0.107 0.004 0.00416 0.000 16 0.000 0.000

Total 16.000 Total 4.704 0.584 5.288

End of Year

Rate of SBW gas production, ft3/yr

SBW Gas production, ft3

End of Year

Rate of RBW gas production, ft3/yr

RBW Gas production, ft3

Rate of SBW gas production, ft3/yr

SBW Gas production, ft3

Total=RBW+SBW, rate of gas production, ft3/yr

Total=RBW+SBW, Gas Production, ft3


Landfill Gas As Produced per Pound of Waste Over A Period of Five Years

Gas, ft3

0.0000 0.000 0.000

0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.000 0.000

0.949 0.9492 1.897 0.000 0.000 1.897

2.618 3.5673 1.442 1.897 0.000 0.000 3.340

3.833 7.4004 0.988 1.442 1.897 0.000 0.000 4.327

4.593 11.9945 0.533 0.988 1.442 1.897 0.000 4.860

4.899 16.8926 0.078 0.533 0.988 1.442 1.897 4.938

4.024 20.9167 0.070 0.078 0.533 0.988 1.442 3.111

2.420 23.3378 0.062 0.070 0.078 0.533 0.988 1.730

1.264 24.6019 0.055 0.062 0.070 0.078 0.533 0.797 0

0.554 25.155 1

10 0.047 0.055 0.062 0.070 0.078 0.311 2

0.292 25.447 3

11 0.039 0.047 0.055 0.062 0.070 0.273 4

0.253 25.700 512 0.031 0.039 0.047 0.055 0.062 0.234 6

0.214 25.914 713 0.023 0.031 0.039 0.047 0.055 0.195 8

0.175 26.090 914 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.039 0.047 0.156 10

0.136 26.226 11

15 0.008 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.039 0.117 12

0.097 26.323 1316 0.000 0.008 0.016 0.023 0.031 0.078 14

0.062 26.385 1517 0.000 0.008 0.016 0.023 0.047 16

0.035 26.421 1718 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.016 0.023 18

0.016 26.436 1919 0.000 0.008 0.008 20

0.004 26.44020 0.000 0.000

End of Year

Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, Year 1





Rate of landfill gas generation, ft3/year, TOTAL

Cumulative gas production, ft3

0 5 10 15 20 25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Gas Production Rate vs. Time

Time, End of Year (years)

Ga

s P

rod

uc

tio

n R

ate

, ft

3/y

r


Total


0.0000.000

0.949

3.567

7.400

11.99416.89220.91623.33724.60125.15525.447

25.700

25.91426.09026.22626.32326.38526.42126.43626.440

0 5 10 15 20 25

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Cumulative Gas Production vs. Time


Cu

mu

lati

ve

Ga

s P

rod

uc

tio

n,

ft3

0 5 10 15 20 25

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Gas Production Rate vs. Time


Ga

s P

rod

uc

tio

n R

ate

, ft

3/y

r

As Generated Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-3, p.67

Component[1] [2] [3] [4]=[3]x.25 [5]=[2]x.75 [6]=[4]+[5]



Total 100.0 100.0 25.0 75.0 100.0


Solid Waste as collected plus ground up food waste, but excluding waste components now recycled. percent by weight, see row 28 note, T3-7, p52


Weight of solid waste components now separated, 25 lbs based on a total of 100 lb, i.e. 25%, Note 2

Weight of Solid Waste components excluding the separated items, 75 lbs based on total of 100 lbs, i.e. 75%, also 100-25. Note 3.

As generated distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight

Note 1: Breakdown of the 25% that is being recycled e.g. of the 25% being recycled, 44% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C, total must be 100%,Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 25% to recycling, 75% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, Col to left

As Collected Percentage Distribution, Problem 3-4, p.67

Component[1] [2] [3] [4]=[3]x.50 [5]=[2]x.50 [6]=[4]+[5]



Total 100.0 100.0 43.2 56.8 100.0

43.256.8 Note 3: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is NOT being recycled, e.g. 100%-50%(recycled) = 50% not recycled



Weight of solid waste components now separated, 50%

Weight of Solid Waste components now separated, 50 lbs based on total of 100 lbs, i.e. 50%, also 100-75. Note 3.

As collected distribution of solid waste components including separated items, percent by weight

Note 1: Breakdown of the 50% that is being recycled e.g. of the 50% being recycled, 40% is paper, EDIT THIS COLUMN, Col C(3), total must be 100%,

Note 2: Percentage of the total solid waste stream that is being recycled, e.g. 50% to recycling, 50% to the landfill, EDIT THIS %, no. to left



Component Dry Weight, lbs[1] [2] [3] [2]x[3]/100 [2]x[100-[3]]/100

OrganicFood wastes 7.0 70 4.9 2.1Paper 29.5 6 1.8 27.7Cardboard 6.0 5 0.3 5.7Plastics 7.0 2 0.1 6.9Textiles 2.0 10 0.2 1.8Rubber 0.5 2 0.0 0.5Leather 0.0 10 0.0 0.0Yard Wastes 25.2 60 15.1 10.1Wood 2.0 20 0.4 1.6Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 6.0 2 0.1 5.9Tin cans 6.0 3 0.2 5.8Aluminum 0.5 2 0.0 0.5Other metal 3.0 3 0.1 2.9Dirt, ash, etc. 5.3 8 0.4 4.9

Total 100.0 23.7 76.3

23.7 Note: The number to the left is the overall moisture content, total col 4.%, moisture Note: EDIT the bolded columns, solid waste and/or moisture content


Moisture Content, %, T4-1, p.70

Weight of Water, lbs.

Fo

od

wa

ste

s

Pa

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Ca

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Pla

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Ya

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Org

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Gla

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um

Oth

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Dir

t, a

sh

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tal

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Components

%M

ois

ture

(lo

we

r);

%d

ry (

up

pe

r)



Component[1] [2]

OrganicFood wastes 7.0Paper 29.5Cardboard 6.0Plastics 7.0Textiles 2.0Rubber 0.5Leather 0.0Yard Wastes 25.2Wood 2.0Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 6.0Tin cans 6.0Aluminum 0.5Other metal 3.0Dirt, ash, etc. 5.3

Total 100.0


Fo

od

wa

ste

s

Pa

pe

r

Ca

rdb

oa

rd

Pla

stic

s

Te

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Ru

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Dir

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To

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Components

%M

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(lo

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%d

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Fo

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Page No.60

Chemical Composition of MSW ex4-2, p.81 also Estimation of Energy Content, ex.4-4, p.86

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8[ [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]100-[3] [2]x[5]/100 [5]x[6]/100 [5]x[8]/100 [5]x[10]/100 [5]x[12]/100 [5]x[14]/100 [5]x[16]/100

OrganicFood wastes 8.5 72.0 28.0 2.4 48.0 1.14 6.4 0.15 37.60 0.89 2.6 0.06 0.4 0.01 5.0 0.12Paper 34.7 5.5 94.5 32.8 43.5 14.26 6.0 1.97 44.00 14.43 0.3 0.10 0.2 0.07 6.0 1.97Cardboard 5.5 5.5 94.5 5.2 44.0 2.29 5.9 0.31 44.60 2.32 0.3 0.02 0.2 0.01 5.0 0.26Plastics 6.6 1.9 98.1 6.5 60.0 3.88 7.2 0.47 22.80 1.48 0.0 0.00 0 0.00 10.0 0.65Textiles 2.1 9.5 90.5 1.9 55.0 1.05 6.6 0.13 31.20 0.59 4.6 0.09 0.15 0.00 2.5 0.05Rubber 0.7 1.5 98.5 0.7 78.0 0.54 10.0 0.07 0.00 0.00 2.0 0.01 0 0.00 10.0 0.07Leather 0.7 9.7 90.3 0.6 60.0 0.38 8.0 0.05 11.60 0.07 10.0 0.06 0.4 0.00 10.0 0.06Yard Wastes 16.9 62.0 38.0 6.4 47.8 3.07 6.0 0.39 38.00 2.44 3.4 0.22 0.3 0.02 4.5 0.29Wood 1.7 19.8 80.2 1.4 49.5 0.67 6.0 0.08 42.70 0.58 0.2 0.00 0.1 0.00 1.5 0.02

Total 77.4 57.9 27.29 3.60 22.81 0.56 0.11 3.48

57.9 vs. 57.9 Note: The number to the left is the sum of the individual columns and must match the starting dry weight.19.5 Moisture Content Note: The number to the left is the moisture content e.g. 20.5, and is equal to the wet weight minus the dry weight, e.g. 79.5-59.0=20.5

Note:Total weight=wet weight+dry weight=100lbs, e.g. 79.5+20.5=100.0, OKNote: EDIT the bolded columns wet weight and/or moisture content




Dry weight, %

Dry weight, lbs

C, % by weight,


C, Composition, lbs

H, % by weight,


H, Composition, lbs

O, % by weight,


O, Composition, lbs

N, % by weight,


N, Composition, lbs

S, % by weight,


S, Composition, lbs

Ash, % by

weight, dry

basis, T4-4, p.81



Page No.61

Carbon 27.29 27.29

Hydrogen 3.60 5.78Oxygen 22.81 40.18Nitrogen 0.56 0.56Sulfur 0.11 0.11Ash 3.48 3.48Total 57.9 77.4

19.5 Total moisture content2.17 Hydrogen proportion

17.38 Oxygen proportionNote: The total without H2O must match the original wet weight e.g. 79.5.

Carbon 12.01 2.272 2.272Hydrogen 1.01 3.569 5.720Oxygen 16 1.425 2.511Nitrogen 14.01 0.040 0.040Sulfur 32.07 0.003 0.003


Without H2O

With H2O, includes moisture as indicated below

Note: The moisture e.g. 20.5, must be distrubed between H & O. Since water is H20. e.g. the total molecular weight is 18, 2/18 is H; 16/18 is ).

Molar Composition With H2O and Without H2O, Neglecting the Ash



Without H2O, moles

With H2O, moles


Page No.62

Approximate Chemical Formula

Carbon 56.7 56.7 653.4 653.4Hydrogen 89.1 142.7 1026.5 1645.0Oxygen 35.6 62.7 410.0 722.3Nitrogen 1.0 1.0 11.5 11.5 Note: Formulas must be manually adjusted based on table to the leftSulfur 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.0

Energy Value Using Dulong Formula

Carbon 12.01 653.4 7,847 36.91Hydrogen 1.01 1645.0 1,661 7.82 C, H, O, S, N=+% by weightOxygen 16 722.3 11,557 54.36 Including Sulfur and waterNitrogen 14.01 11.5 161 0.76 14,278 BTU/lbSulfur 32.07 1.0 32 0.15Total 21,259 100.00

Component, mole ratios

Nitrogen=1,Without H2O

Nitrogen=1, With H2O

Sulfur=1,Without H2O

Sulfur=1, With H2O

Chemical fomula without sulfur

Chemical formula with sulfur

Without H2O C56.3H88.3O35.4N C648.6H1016.9O408N11.5SWith H2O C56.3H143.3O63.2N C648.6H1650.2O727.9N11.5S



Number of atoms per mole, from chemical formula

Weight contribution of each element, number of atoms/mol

%, Weight contribution/Total

Estimation of energy content of MSW based on chemical BTU/lb=145C+610(H2+O2/8)+40S+10N



ComponentOrganicFood wastes 9.0 2,000 18,000Paper 34.0 7,200 244,800Cardboard 6.0 7,000 42,000Plastics 7.0 14,000 98,000Textiles 2.0 7,500 15,000Rubber 0.5 10,000 5,000Leather 0.5 7,500 3,750Yard Wastes 18.5 2,800 51,800Wood 2.0 8,000 16,000Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 8.0 60 480Tin cans 6.0 300 1,800Aluminum 0.5 0 0Other metal 3.0 300 900Dirt, ash, etc. 3.0 3,000 9,000

Total 100.0 506,530

5065.3BTU/lb Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total of the last column by 100 lbs.




Total Energy, BTU




ComponentOrganicFood wastes 6.9Paper 33.4Cardboard 6.0Plastics 5.4Textiles 1.9Rubber 0.5Leather 0.9Yard Wastes 22.5Wood 5.3Misc. Organics


Total 100.0



0BTU/lb Note: The number is obtained by dividing the total of the last column by 100 lbs.




4%

48%

8%

19%

3%

1%1%

10%

3% 0%0%0% 2%

Energy Content of Typical MSW

Food wastes

Paper

Cardboard

Plastics

Textiles

Rubber

Leather

Yard Wastes

Wood

Misc. Organics

Inorganic

Glass

Tin cans

Aluminum

Other metal

Dirt, ash, etc.



Component[1] [2] [3] [2]/[3]

OrganicFood wastes 4.1 490 0.008Paper 29.9 150 0.199Cardboard 8.9 85 0.105Plastics 8.9 110 0.081Textiles 3.4 110 0.031Rubber 0.6 220 0.003Leather 0.8 270 0.003Yard Wastes 16.4 170 0.096Wood 5.1 400 0.013Misc. Organics

InorganicGlass 3.4 330 0.010Tin cans 7.8 150 0.052Aluminum 0.3 270 0.001Other metal 4.5 540 0.008Dirt, ash, etc. 5.9 810 0.007

Total 100.0 0.618

162



Specific Weight, lb/ft3, T4-1, o.70 Volume, yd3


lbs/ft3

Food

waste

s

Paper

Cardb

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Plastic

s

Textile

s

Rubbe

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etal

Dirt, a

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tc.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

490

150

85110 110

220

270

170

400

330

150

270

540

810


Component

Sp

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We

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b/f

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Component[1] [2]

OrganicFood wastes 4.1Paper 29.9Cardboard 8.9Plastics 8.9Textiles 3.4Rubber 0.6Leather 0.8Yard Wastes 16.4Wood 5.1Misc. Organics


Total 100.0

#DIV/0!




lbs/ft3

Food

waste

s

Paper

Cardb

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Plastic

s

Textile

s

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

490

150

85110 110

220

270

170

400

330

150

270

540

810


Component

Sp

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We

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t, l

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Food

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0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

490

150

85110 110

220

270

170

400

330

150

270

540

810


Component

Sp

ec

ific

We

igh

t, l

b/f

t3

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