Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN...
-
Upload
loreto-piazza -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN...
![Page 1: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA
Coordinatore:Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof. Riccardo Valentini
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DELLA TUSCIA DI VITERBO
DIBAFDipartimento per la innovazione nei sistemi
biologici, agroalimentari e forestali
CORSO DI DOTTORATO DI RICERCA Ecologia Forestale
XIV ciclo
Dottorando: Giacomo Nicolini
![Page 2: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
INTRO
ANKASA
OBIETTIVI
MATERIALI E METODI
RISULTATI
Campagna luglio
EA
![Page 3: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
INTRO
Perché misurare i gas traccia (CH4, N2O, CO ..)• Tema recente: intensificazione degli studi negli ultimi anni (CO2 dagli anni ‘90)• Importante effetto netto sul clima: GWP CH4 circa 25 volte quello della CO2
• Esistono ancora delle incertezze: difficile misurazione e modellizzazione• La distribuzione a livello globale dei lavori è ancora localizzata
![Page 4: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
INTRO
Quali sono le difficoltà nel misurare questi gas• Basse concentrazioni ambientali (CH4 circa 1.8 ppm) e gradienti:
> flussi generalmente bassi• Alta variabilità spaziale e temporale: legata a processi biogeochimici• Sensori adatti attualmente in produzione/sviluppo• Non esiste una metodologia universalmente accetta nel processamento dei dati
> qualità dei dati, gap-filling
Perché utilizzare tecniche micrometeorologiche• Campionamenti continui (senza alterare l’ambientelocale)• Integrazione spaziale delle misure
Problemi applicativi e assunzioni• Condizioni atmosferiche: steady state, turbolenza sviluppata, fluttuazioni della
densità negligibili, flusso turbolento verticale costante• Condizioni ambientali: terreno orizzontale e omogeneo, footprint adeguata,
flusso medio verticale negligibile• EB, storage e avvezione• Flussi notturni
![Page 5: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
ANKASA Forest
Obiettivi • Stima dei flussi di CH4 e CO2 sotto chioma (EC)• Analisi del gradiente verticale di concentrazione e dello storage di CH4
• Stima dei flussi di CH4 e CO2 sopra chioma (EC)• Analisi stagionale dei flussi
Campagne di misura e set-up• Aprile 2011
• LOW: Li-7700, Li-7500, Gill-WM. TOW: Li-7700, Li-6262, Gill-WM• Ottobre 2011
• LOW: Li-7700, Li-7500A, Gill-WMPro. TOW: Li-7700, Li-7500A, Gill-WMPro
Analisi dati: Li-EddyPro ADV
![Page 6: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
Criterio generale per il trattamento dati e correzioni
Acquisizione• 10 Hz, analogico (aprile), digitale (ottobre)
Pre-processing• Eliminazione record in base: AGC, DIAG, RSSI, pioggia
Processing• Double rotation (anemometro), block average (fluttuazioni), covariance max (time lag), WPL (fluttuazioni della densità), test statistici (spikes, risoluzione segnale, drop-outs, limiti assoluti, skewness e kurtosi, discontinuità, angolo di attacco (vento) ecc.), correzioni spettrali (basse e alte frequenze)
Quality control• Flag precedenti• Test stabilità atmosferica: steady state e developed turbulent conditions > 0,1,2
Gap-filling• Mean diurnal variation (12 giorni)
![Page 7: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
LOWLAND 2011.04.11-14 - DRY season Li-7700, Li-7500, Gill-WM
![Page 8: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
LOWLAND 2011.04.11-14
CH4 flux: -0.8 nmol m-2 s-1 (-0.05 mg m-2 h-1)LOWLAND 2011.04.11-14 - DRY season Daily fluxes >> sink <<
FARE GRAFICI SERIE TEMPORALE SENZA M
EADIARE GIORNALMENTE
![Page 9: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
LOWLAND 2011.10.03-08 - WET season Li-7700, Li-7500, Gill-WM
![Page 10: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
LOWLAND 2011.10.03-08 - WET season
Stability treshold
SEPARARE GIORNO E NOTTE
![Page 11: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
LOWLAND 2011.10.03-08 - WET season Concentration daily trend
![Page 12: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
LOWLAND 2011.10.03-08 - WET season Daily fluxes
CH4 flux: 2.5 nmol m-2 s-1 (0.15 mg m-2 h-1)
<< source >>
FARE GRAFICI S
ERIE TEMPORALE SENZA MEADIARE GIORNALM
ENTE
![Page 13: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
PROFILE / STORAGE2011.04 - 2011.07 - 2011.10
RIPORTARE PARAMETRO TURBOLENZA
![Page 14: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
PROFILE / STORAGE2011.04 - 2011.07 - 2011.10
CUSTOMIZZARE GRAFICI E RIPORTA
RE PARAMETRO TURBOLENZA
![Page 15: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.04.16-06.24 - DRY season
Li-7700, Li-6262, Gill-WM
Data lossCrash sistema 80%Processing 50%• Filtraggio attenuato• No gap-filling
![Page 16: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.04.16-06.24 - DRY season Daily fluxes
CH4 flux: 1.8 nmol m-2 s-1 (0.11 mg m-2 h-1)
<< source >>
FARE GRAFICI S
ERIE TEMPORALE SENZA MEADIARE GIORNALM
ENTE
![Page 17: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season
Li-7700, Li-7500A, Gill-WMpro
ELIMINARE RECORD M
ETEO -9999
![Page 18: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season Stability dependence
Stability filter: (z-d)/L > 0.05
SEPARARE GIORNO E NOTTE
![Page 19: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season Filter effect
![Page 20: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season Gap filling - MDV
![Page 21: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season Daily fluxes
CH4 flux: -0.9 nmol m-2 s-1 (0.05 mg m-2 h-1)
<< sink >>
![Page 22: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season Footprint
ORDINARE RECORDS IN ORDINE CLO
CKWISE
E FARE POLIG
ONI
![Page 23: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
TOWER2011.10 - oggi - WET season
[CH4] daily trendCH4 daily flux weekly trend
![Page 24: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
![Page 25: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
EDDY ACCUMULATION
wcwcwcFc
down
up
up
down
sonic anemometer
air inletpushing pump
PC
D/A converter
mass flow controller
flush
3-way valves
fast responsesampling valves
sampling bags
N/C valves
gas analyzersucking pump
air outlet
sampling linedigital signalanalogue signal
QPEA Flux Measurement System
![Page 26: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
EC (reference) EA without samples mixing
EA with 2 samples mixing EA with 4 samples mixing
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
27/04 04 27/04 16 28/04 04 28/04 16
CO
2 f
lux
[m
mol
m-2s-1
]Roccarespampani clover field, April 2010 – Gill HS/Li-cor 7200
night
EDDY ACCUMULATIONSample mixing
![Page 27: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
EDDY ACCUMULATIONA
BS
(CO
2u
p
- C
O2
dw
) [m
mol
mol
-1]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
05:45 08:38 11:31 14:24 17:16 20:09
time [hh:mm]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
05:45 08:38 11:31 14:24 17:16 20:09
Mea
n A
bs
CO
2 f
luct
. [m
mol
mol
-1]
time [hh:mm]
daily course of simulated up/down concentration differences
daily course of real mean absolute concentration fluctuations
Resolution
![Page 28: Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF GREENHOUSE GASES EXCHANGE OVER AND WITHIN A TROPICAL FOREST IN AFRICA Coordinatore: Prof. Paolo De Angelis Tutor: Prof.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062418/5542eb5c497959361e8c9da5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Giacomo Nicolini – UNITUS/DIBAF
GRAZIE