GHCL

BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TESTING IN TEXTILES

Ever wondered what differentiates two seemingly same products from

each other??

Fabric testing is an important segment of the textile

industry. We can easily detect the faults of machinery

and materials during test of textiles.

WHY DO WE NEED TESTING??

1. Checking Raw Materials – Variable Qualities

2. Monitoring Production - to control increase of waste.

3. Assessing the Final Product – Enhance and efficient output.

4. Investigation of Faulty Material – To get the root cause of

problems during process.

5. Product Development and Research

Following are some of the source of standard test method for textiles:

•American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

•American Association of Textile Chemists and Colourists (AATCC)

•International Standard Organization (ISO)

•Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)

TESTING IS NORMALLY CARRIED OUT ACCORDING TO A“STANDARD”

There are 3 forms of Textiles on which the test can be conducted -

• Fibre- length, strength, fineness, maturity.

• Yarn- strength, count, twist

• Fabric- Greige / Dyed

EPI, PPI, GSM , Physical and chemical properties.

WHAT IS TO BE TESTED???

FIBER TESTS

1. Identification of fiber - By their cross section Or Chemical

test

2. Fiber length* - to identify quality of cotton.

3. Strength and elongation - tensile properties

4. Fineness & Maturity test -

5. Uniformity & Evenness -

6. Trash, neps test etc. - Impurities

YARN TEST

1. Yarn count – e.g. 30s single or 2-ply yarn

2. Twist per unit length

3. Strength and elongation i.e. tensile properties

4. Appearance

5. Evenness and regularity

6. Hairiness * - Due to Short Fibers

FABRIC TESTPhysical Properties of Textiles -

1. Strength and elongation - Tensile, Tear & Bursting

2. Thread Count

3. The count of yarn used

4. Fabric Weight - GSM

5. Design and construction of the Fabric

6. Air permeability

7. Flammability Test

8. Stiffness, handle, drape

9. Crease resistance and recovery

10. Abrasion

11. Pilling *

12. Shrinkage *- Dimensional stability

13. Water absorbency or resistance etc.

14. Seam Strength & Slippage*

FABRIC TESTTest in chemical properties of textile

1. Color Fastness to Washing 2. Color Fastness to Crocking ( Rubbing)

– Dry Crocking – Wet Crocking

3. Color Fastness to Water 4. Color Fastness to Light 5. Fiber Composition 6. Color Fastness to Perspiration7. Color Fastness to Dry Cleaning8 PH Value 9 Durability Test ( DP Rating)

Acetate

Cotton

Nylon

Polyester

Acrylic

Wool

Multifiber Fabric - Specially Used for testing of textile performance on different fibers.

Observation - Color Change - Color Staining

GRAYSCALE

Grayscale for color change is used to visually evaluate change in color due to color Fastness Test.

Gray Scale for staining is used to visually evaluate the staining on multifiber samples due to colorfastness test. Rating 1 to 5 can be measure on the scale where rating 1 is poor and rating 5 is excellent performance. Generally rating 4 is acceptable.

TIPS TO REMEMBER

• Read the label properly: Size, Where it is made, Style number, Type of

fabric, RN Number

• Read the Hang Tag: fabric characteristics, and describes the

quality.

• Warnings Are Sometimes Included: Possible shrinkage, stretching,

or fading

• Care Instructions

THANK YOU