gettingstartedwithmatlabimageprocessing-120101100110-phpapp02

Two day Workshop on Matlab

Technology beyond the Dreams™ Copyright © 2006 Pantech Solutions Pvt Ltd.

Introduction

Cleve molar in 1984, Mathworks inc Introduced as a simulation toolSupports Graphical ProgrammingCan be interfaced with other High

Level languages


Applications

• Aerospace• Biometrics• Medical• Finance• Control System• Signal,Image,Audio and Video• Neural networks,Fuzzy logic• Animation


List of Companies

• ADOBE (Photoshop)• NASA• GE• L&T• ROBERT BOSCH• PEPSI , COCACOLA (Neuro Marketing)


File Extensions.fig MATLAB Figure .m MATLAB function, script, or class .mat MATLAB binary file for storing variables.mex MATLAB executable (platform specific, e.g. ".mexmac" for the Mac

, ".mexglx" for Linux, etc.) .p

MATLAB content-obscured .m file (result of pcode() )

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux


Difference between C and Matlab

• Matlab is Proprietary compiler,C has open source.• Inbuilt Functions in Matlab(Application Oriented).• User friendly syntax.• Fourth generation Programming Language tool.


Desktop Tools • Command Window

– type commands

• Workspace– view program variables– clear to clear – double click on a variable to see it in the Array Editor

• Command History– view past commands– save a whole session using diary

• Launch Pad– access tools, demos and documentation


Command window


Change the current working directory


Arithmetic operators

1) plus - Plus + 2) uplus - Unary plus + 3) minus - Minus - 4) uminus - Unary minus - 5) mtimes - Matrix multiply * 6) times - Array multiply .* 7) mpower - Matrix power ^ 8) power - Array power .^ 9) mldivide - Backslash or left matrix divide \ 10) mrdivide - Slash or right matrix divide / 11) ldivide - Left array divide .\ 12) rdivide - Right array divide ./


Relational operators1) eq - Equal == 2) ne - Not equal ~= 3) lt - Less than < 4) gt - Greater than > 5) le - Less than or equal <= 6) ge - Greater than or equal >=


Logical operators

1) Short-circuit logical AND && 2) Short-circuit logical OR || 3) and - Element-wise logical AND & 4) or - Element-wise logical OR | 5) not - Logical NOT ~ 6) xor - Logical EXCLUSIVE OR7) any - True if any element of vector is nonzero8) all - True if all elements of vector are nonzero


BITWISE OPERATORS

1) bitand - Bit-wise AND.2) bitcmp - Complement bits.3) bitor - Bit-wise OR.4) bitmax - Maximum floating point

integer.5) bitxor - Bit-wise XOR.6) bitset - Set bit.7) bitget - Get bit.8) bitshift - Bit-wise shift.


Vectors a = [1 2 3 4 5 6 9 8 7] ;

t = 0:2:20t = 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

b = a + 2

b = 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 10 9

c = a + b c = 4 6 8 10 12 14 20 18 16


Matrices B = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12] ;

B = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12

C = B'

C = 1 5 9 2 6 103 7 11

4 8 12


Basic matrix operatorsX = inv(E) ;%INVERSE OF THE MATRIX[A,H] = eig(E) %eigen value &vectorp = poly(E) %polynomialc = abs(y) ;D=min(a);D=max(a);

• Convolutionx = [1 2]; y = [1 4 8]; z = conv(x,y) [xx, R] = deconv(z,y)


PLOT

t=0:0.25:7; y = sin(t); plot(t,y) ; xlabel('x axis'); ylabel('y axis'); title('Heading'); grid on; gtext('text');


IF LOOPa=6;

if a > 6 disp('a is greater'); elseif a==0 disp('a is zero'); else disp('a is smaller'); end


FOR LOOPa=5;

for i=1:5 a=a+1 end

disp(a);

ANS a =10


While Loop

a=5;

while a < 10a=a+1; end

disp(a);

Ans a =10


Function

function c=add(a,b);c=a+b;return

Maina=5;b=6;c=add(a,b);disp(c);d=mul(a,b);disp(d);

function c=mul(a,b);c=a*b;return


SWITCH CASE method = 'Bilinear'; switch lower(METHOD) case {'linear','bilinear'} disp('Method is linear') case 'cubic' disp('Method is cubic') case 'nearest' disp('Method is nearest') otherwise disp('Unknown method.') end

Ans Method is linear


SWITCH (NUMERICAL)a=input('enter---->');switch a case 1 fprintf('one'); case 2 fprintf('two'); case 3 fprintf('three'); case 4 fprintf('four'); otherwise fprintf('otherwise');end


How to read an imagea =imread('cameraman.tif');imshow(a);pixval on;

a =imread('flowers.tif');imshow(a);pixval on;


How to read an audio file

a =wavread('test.wav');wavplay(a,44100);Plot(a);


How to read an video file

a=aviread('movie.avi');movie(a);


Add two images

I = imread('rice.tif');J = imread('cameraman.tif');K = imadd(I,J,'uint16');imshow(K,[])

I = imread('rice.tif'); J = imadd(I,50); subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I) subplot(1,2,2), imshow(J)


Subtract two images

I = imread('rice.tif'); Iq = imsubtract(I,50); subplot(1,2,1), imshow(I)subplot(1,2,2), imshow(Iq)


Convert image to gray and binaryclc;clear;close alla= imread('flowers.tif');subplot(2,2,1);imshow(a);subplot(2,2,2);b=imresize(a,[256 256]);imshow(b);subplot(2,2,3);c=rgb2gray(b);imshow(c);subplot(2,2,4);d=im2bw(c);imshow(d);


RGB componenta=imread('flowers.tif');subplot(2,2,1);imshow(a);R=a;G=a;B=a;R(:,:,2:3)=0;subplot(2,2,2);imshow(R);G(:,:,1)=0;G(:,:,3)=0;subplot(2,2,3);imshow(G);B(:,:,1)=0;B(:,:,2)=0;subplot(2,2,4);imshow(B);


Convert Image into One dimensional

a = imread('cameraman.tif');

[r c]=size(a);

Len=r*c;

b=reshape(a,[1 Len]);


CONVER MOVIE TO FRAMES

file=aviinfo('movie1.avi'); % to get inforamtaion abt video filefrm_cnt=file.NumFrames % No.of frames in the video file str2='.bmp' h = waitbar(0,'Please wait...');for i=1:frm_cnt frm(i)=aviread(filename,i); % read the Video file frm_name=frame2im(frm(i)); % Convert Frame to image file frm_name=rgb2gray(frm_name);%convert gray filename1=strcat(strcat(num2str(i)),str2); imwrite(frm_name,filename1); % Write image file waitbar(i/frm_cnt,h)endclose(h)


CONVERT FRAMES TO MOVIESfrm_cnt=5;number_of_frames=frm_cnt;filetype='.bmp';display_time_of_frame=1;mov = avifile('MOVIE.avi');count=0;for i=1:number_of_frames name1=strcat(num2str(i),filetype); a=imread(name1); while count<display_time_of_frame count=count+1; imshow(a); F=getframe(gca); mov=addframe(mov,F); end count=0;endmov=close(mov);


How to read a text file

fid = fopen('message.txt','r');ice1= fread(fid);s = char(ice1');fclose(fid);disp(s);

Ans hello


How to write a text file

txt=[65 67 68 69];fid = fopen('output.txt','wb'); fwrite(fid,char(txt),'char');fclose(fid);

ANS =ACDE


Store an Image,Audio

a =imread('cameraman.tif');imwrite(a,'new.bmp');

a=wavread('test.wav');wavwrite(d,44100,16,'nTEST.WAV');


SAVE AND LOAD THE VARIABLE

A=5;save A A;

load A

B=1;C=A+B;disp(C);


Wavelet transform

a =imread('cameraman.tif');

[LL LH HL HH]=dwt2(a,'haar');

Dec=[... LL,LH HL,HH ... ];

imshow(Dec,[]);


DCT transform

a=imread('cameraman.tif');subplot(1,3,1);imshow(a,[]);b=dct2(a);subplot(1,3,2);imshow(b,[]);title('DCT');c=idct2(b);subplot(1,3,3);imshow(c,[]);title('IDCT');


NOISE AND FILTER

I = imread('eight.tif'); J = imnoise(I,'salt & pepper',0.02); K = medfilt2(J); subplot(1,2,1);imshow(J)subplot(1,2,2);imshow(K)


GUI


DIALOG BOX

warndlg('hello'); helpdlg('hello'); errordlg('hello');

msgbox('hello');


ButtonName=questdlg('What is your wish?', ... 'Genie Question', ... 'Food','Clothing','Money','Money'); switch ButtonName, case 'Food', disp('Food is delivered'); case 'Clothing', disp('The Emperor''s new clothes have arrived.') case 'Money', disp('A ton of money falls out the sky.'); end % switch


USER INTERFACE GET FILE

[filename, pathname] = uigetfile('*.m', 'Pick an M-file'); if isequal(filename,0) | isequal(pathname,0) disp('User pressed cancel') else disp(['User selected ', fullfile(pathname, filename)]) end


USER INTERFACE PUT FILE

[filename, pathname] = uiputfile('*.m', 'Pick an M-file'); if isequal(filename,0) | isequal(pathname,0) disp('User pressed cancel') else disp(['User selected ', fullfile(pathname, filename)]) end


GUI


GUI…


MENU BAR


PUSH BUTTON


TOGGLE BUTTON


RADIO BUTTON


CHECKBOX


EDIT TEXT


STATIC TEXT


SLIDER


FRAME


LISTBOX


POPUP MENU


AXES


ALIGN OBJECTS


MENU EDITOR


M FILE EDITOR


PROPERTY INSPECTOR


RUN


EMPTY GUI


GENERATED M FILE


PUSH BUTTON


RIGHT CLICK PUSH BUTTON & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


CHANGE THE STRING AND TAG VALUE


RIGHT CLICK PUSH BUTTON & GO FOR M FILE EDITOR


GO FOR CALLBACK


WRITE THE CODE BELOW THE CALLBACK


imshow(a);


RUN THE PROGRAM OR PRESS F5


CHOOSE AXES


RIGHT CLICK AXES & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR




axes(handles.one);

imshow(a);


RUN THE PROGRAM


CODE


axes(handles.one);

imshow(a);


TOGGLE BUTTON


RIGHT CLICK TOGGLE & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


RIGHT CLICK TOGGLE & GO FOR M FILE EDITOR



a=get(hObject,'Value');

if a ==1 a =imread('cameraman.tif');

axes(handles.one);

imshow(a); else a =imread('greens.jpg');

axes(handles.one);

imshow(a); end


RUN THE PROGRAM


RIGHT CLICK RADIO BUTTON & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


RIGHT CLICK CHECK BOX & GO FOR MFILE EDITOR


RUN THE PROGRAM


RIGHT CLICK CHECK BOX & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


RIGHT CLICK CHECK BOX & GO FOR M FILE EDITOR


RUN THE PROGRAM


RIGHT CLICK FRAME & SEND TO BACK


RUN THE PROGRAM


RIGHT CLICK LIST BOX & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


EDIT THE STRING OPTIONS


RIGHT CLICK LIST BOX & GO FOR M FILE EDITOR



contents = get(hObject,'Value')

switch contents case 1 a =imread('cameraman.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); case 2 a =imread('flowers.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); case 3 a =imread('rice.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); otherwise a =imread('mri.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); end


CHOOSE POPUPMENU


RIGHT CLICK POPUP MENU & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


EDIT THE STRING OPTIONS


WRITE THE CODEcontents = get(hObject,'Value')

switch contents case 1 a =imread('cameraman.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); case 2 a =imread('flowers.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); case 3 a =imread('rice.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); otherwise a =imread('mri.tif'); axes(handles.one); imshow(a); end


RIGHT CLICK EDIT TEXT & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


EDIT STRING AND TAG


RIGHT CLICK EDIT TEXT & GO FOR M FILE EDITOR


RIGHT CLICK AXES & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR



a=get(hObject,'String') ;b=char(a);c=imread(b);axes(handles.one);imshow(c);


RIGHT CLICK STATIC TEXT & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR



a=get(hObject,'String') ;set(handles.t1,'String',a);b=char(a);c=imread(b);axes(handles.one);imshow(c);


SLIDER


RIGHT CLICK SLIDER & GO FOR PROPERTY INSPECTOR


DROP TWO AXES


DROP PUSH BUTTON


GO FOR CALLBACK



[filename, pathname] = uigetfile('*.bmp', 'Pick an Image');

if isequal(filename,0) | isequal(pathname,0) warndlg('User pressed cancel') else a=imread(filename); axes(handles.axes1); imshow(a); handles.filename=filename; guidata(hObject, handles); end


RIGHT CLICK SLIDER & GO FOR M FILE EDITOR


RUN THE PROGRAM

a=get(hObject,'Value');filename =handles.filename;I = imread(filename);J = imadd(I,50);axes(handles.axes2);imshow(J)


MENU EDITOR


EDIT STRING AND TAG


RUN


Counting the Number of Objects in an Image

clc;clear;close all;InputImage=imread('eight.tif');subplot(2,2,1);imshow(InputImage);title('InputImage');BinaryImage=im2bw(InputImage);subplot(2,2,2);imshow(BinaryImage);ComplementImage=imcomplement(BinaryImage);subplot(2,2,3);imshow(ComplementImage);HolesClearedImage = imfill(ComplementImage,'holes');subplot(2,2,4);imshow(HolesClearedImage);title('HolesClearedImage');[L,Num] = bwlabel(HolesClearedImage) for i=1:Num figure; imshow(L==i); pause(1)end


Thresholding Based Segmentation-Con 1

• clc;• clear;• close all;• InputImage=imread('34.bmp');• figure;• imshow(InputImage);• ColourSpaceConversion=rgb2hsv(InputImage);• imshow(ColourSpaceConversion);• %GrayScaleImage=rgb2gray(ColourSpaceConversion);• GrayScaleImage=ColourSpaceConversion(:,:,1);• [rows columns planes]=size(GrayScaleImage);• BinaryMask= GrayScaleImage > 0.5;• figure;• imshow(BinaryMask);• Impixelinfo• h = waitbar(0,'Please wait...');• SegmentedImage=[];


Cont 2for i=1:rows for j=1:columns if BinaryMask(i,j) == 1 SegmentedImage(i,j,1)=InputImage(i,j,1); SegmentedImage(i,j,2)=InputImage(i,j,2); SegmentedImage(i,j,3)=InputImage(i,j,3); else SegmentedImage(i,j,1)=0; SegmentedImage(i,j,2)=0; SegmentedImage(i,j,3)=0; end end waitbar(i/rows,h)end SegmentedImage=uint8(SegmentedImage);figure;imshow(SegmentedImage);impixelinfo;


Image Fusionclc;clear;close all;M1=imread('mri.jpg');M2=imread('ct.jpg');subplot(2,2,1);imshow(M1);title('MRI');subplot(2,2,2);imshow(M2);title('CT');[R C P]=size(M1);for i=1:R for j=1:C if M1(i,j)>M2(i,j) FusedImage(i,j)=M1(i,j); else FusedImage(i,j)=M2(i,j); end endend


Image fusion-Cont 2subplot(2,2,3);imshow(FusedImage);title('Max');for i=1:R for j=1:C if M1(i,j)>M2(i,j) FusedImage(i,j)=M2(i,j); else FusedImage(i,j)=M1(i,j); end endendsubplot(2,2,4);imshow(FusedImage);title('Min');


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