Getting to California
33
• Red Scare • Loyalty Review Program • House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) • Whittaker Chambers • Alger Hiss • Julius and Ethel Rosenberg • Project Venona • Joseph McCarthy • McCarthyism • Army-McCarthy Hearings Ch 21 Sec 3: McCarthyism Highlight in your Reading Notes
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Ch 21 Sec 3: McCarthyism. Highlight in your Reading Notes. Red Scare Loyalty Review Program House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) Whittaker Chambers Alger Hiss Julius and Ethel Rosenberg Project Venona Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism Army-McCarthy Hearings. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Getting to California
• Red Scare
• Loyalty Review Program
• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)
• Whittaker Chambers
• Alger Hiss
• Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
• Project Venona
• Joseph McCarthy
• McCarthyism
• Army-McCarthy Hearings
Ch 21 Sec 3: McCarthyism
Highlight in your Reading Notes
The Week in Preview (Feb 9th – 13th)Mon (2/9) Ch 21 Sec 3 “New Red Scare - McCarthyism”
Progress Reports Due
Tue (2/3) Ch 21 Sec 3/4 “Living with the Atomic Bomb”
Wed (2/4) Ch 21 Sec 4 “Eisenhower’s Foreign Policies”
Thu (2/5) REVIEW FOR UNIT 9 TEST
Fri (2/13) TEST – “The Origins of the Cold War”
Ch 21 and Ch 25 Sec 1____________
Wed (2/18) Open Note Reading Quiz Ch 24 Sec 1
“Civil Rights Movement Begins” pp. 746-752
Intro 2
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Textbook Assignment (pp. 668-673)
1) What was the purpose of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and what were their tactics?
2) What was the significance when people such as Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs were found guilty of being Communists?
3) How did Joseph McCarthy rise to power and why did nobody attempt to stop him?
4) What events finally led to Joseph McCarthy’s downfall in 1954?
Ch 21 Sec 3: The Cold War and American Society
Intro 4
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Chapter ObjectivesSection 3: The Cold War and American Society• Describe the new Red Scare.
• Discuss how American society reflected fears of the nuclear age.
Section 3-1
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Guide to Reading
The Cold War heightened Americans’ fears of Communist infiltration and atomic attack.
• subversion
Main Idea
Key Terms and Names
• loyalty review program
• Alger Hiss • perjury • McCarran Act
• McCarthyism
• censure
• fallout
• fallout shelter
Section 3-2
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Guide to Reading (cont.)
Reading Strategy
Taking Notes As you read about American reaction to the Cold War, use the major headings of the section to create an outline similar to the one on page 668 of your textbook.
• Describe the new Red Scare.
Reading Objectives
• Discuss how American society reflected fears of the nuclear age.
Section 3-3
Guide to Reading (cont.)
Section Theme
Civic Rights and Responsibilities In the early part of the Cold War, the fear of communism led to a hunt for spies and to intolerance and suspicion of people with radical ideas in the United States.
A New Red Scare
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• During the 1950s, rumors and accusations of Communists in the United States led to fears that Communists were attempting to take over the world.
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
A New Red Scare
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• The Red Scare began in September 1945, and escalated into a general fear of Communist subversion–an effort to secretly weaken a society and overthrow its government.
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• In early 1947, Truman established the loyalty review program to screen all federal employees for their loyalty.
A New Red Scare (cont.)
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(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3
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No. Few Communists were actually found.
• The program’s aim was to calm Americans. • Instead, it led to the fear that Communists were
infiltrating the government.
A New Red Scare (cont.)
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(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover went to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) to urge them to hold public hearings on Communist subversion.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• Under Hoover’s leadership, the FBI sent agents to investigate suspected groups and to wiretap thousands of telephones.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• In 1948 Time magazine editor Whittaker Chambers testified to HUAC that several government officials had also been Communists or spies at the time.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• The most prominent among these was lawyer and diplomat Alger Hiss.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• Hiss had served in Roosevelt’s administration, attended the Yalta conference, and helped with the organization of the UN.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• Hiss denied the charges, but he was convicted of committing perjury, or lying under oath.
A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• The search for spies intensified when the Soviet Union produced an atomic bomb.
• Klaus Fuchs, a British scientist, admitted giving information to the Soviet Union.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• This led to the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a New York couple who were members of the Communist Party and were charged with heading a Soviet spy ring.
• Although many believed the Rosenbergs were not guilty, the couple was executed in June 1953.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
• In 1946 American cryptographers cracked the Soviet spy code, allowing them to read messages between Moscow and the United States.
• The government did not reveal Project Venona’s existence to the public until 1995.
• It provided strong evidence against the Rosenbergs.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
• The federal government set the example for many state and local governments, universities, businesses, unions, and churches to start finding Communists.
A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
Section 3-13
Why did the hunt for Communist spies increase with the Soviet Union’s production of the atomic bomb?
Many believed that the Soviet Union could not have produced the atomic bomb without help. The belief was that American Communists must have sold secrets of the atomic bomb to the Soviets.
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A New Red Scare (cont.)
(pages 668–670)(pages 668–670)
“A Conspiracy So Immense”
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• In 1949, with the Soviet Union testing an atomic bomb and China falling to communism, Americans felt they were losing the Cold War.
• Americans continued to believe that Communists were inside the government.
(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
“A Conspiracy So Immense”
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• Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, in a political speech, stated that he had a list of 205 Communists in the state department.
(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
• McCarthy won the Senate race after accusing his opponent of being a Communist.
• He accused Democratic Party leaders of corruption and of protecting Communists.
“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
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(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
• Others made similar charges, causing Americans to begin to believe them.
“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
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(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
• Congress passed the Internal Security Act or McCarran Act in 1950.
• The act made it illegal to “combine, conspire, or agree with any other person to perform any act which would substantially contribute to . . . the establishment of a totalitarian government.”
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“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
• Senator Joseph R. McCarthy became the chairman of the Senate subcommittee on investigations.
• His investigation turned into a witch hunt as he searched for disloyalty based on poor evidence and fear.
• He ruined reputations without proper evidence.
• This tactic became known as McCarthyism.
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“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
• In 1954 Americans watched televised Army-McCarthy hearings and saw how McCarthy attacked witnesses, and his popularity faded.
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“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
• Finally, an army lawyer named Joseph Welch stood up to McCarthy.
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“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
• Later that year, the Senate passed a vote of censure, or formal disapproval, against McCarthy.
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“A Conspiracy So Immense” (cont.)
(pages 671–673)(pages 671–673)
End of Section 3
