Accelerator Physics Fundamentals Eric Prebys FNAL Beams Division.
Getting the Booster to 2010 Eric Prebys December 20, 2002 Outine Longevity Issues Non-radiation...
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Transcript of Getting the Booster to 2010 Eric Prebys December 20, 2002 Outine Longevity Issues Non-radiation...
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Getting the Booster to 2010
Eric PrebysDecember 20, 2002
• Outine
• Longevity Issues
• Non-radiation related
• Radiation related
• Personnel
• Performance Issues
• Limiting Factors
• Plan
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Longevity Issues (non-radiation)
• GMPS (upgraded, OK)• Transformers (serviced, OK)• Vacuum system (being update, finished 2003)• Kicker PS charging cables
– Run three times over spec– Fail at the rate of about 1/month – AFTER A CERTAIN NUMBER OF
PULSES.– Seven spare coils– Evaluating improved design (better cable, LCW-filled heliac, etc)
• Low voltage power supplies, in particular Power 10 Series:– Unreliable, some no longer serviced.– Starting search for new supplier and evaluate system to minimize number
of different types.– Probably a few $100K to upgrade system.
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Longevity Issues (non-radiation, cont’d)
• RF Hardware– (original) Copper tuner cooling lines are beginning to spring leaks.
Difficult to repair because they’re hot.
• High Level RF– More or less original.– Our highest maintenance item.– Will probably last, BUT expensive to maintain.– John Reid and Ralph Pasquinelli feel a new solid state system would pay
for itself ($5.5M) in about four years.
• Low Level RF– Many old modules, some without spares, some without drawings.– An upgrade plan in place.– Not expensive, but NEED people.
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Longevity Issues (radiation related)
• We’ve seen failures in ion pump HV lines -> planning to replace.
• Hoses on beam valves will be replaced with copper of stainless.
• Looking at other miscellaneous cabling and hoses.• Magnet insulation:
– Biggest worry– We have no idea how close we are– During January shutdown
• Will remove some existing dosimetry and evaluate• Will put in widely distributed new dosimetry.• Take these numbers to the people who know.
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Longevity Issues: Personnel
• Several key people will likely retire before 2010.• We need at least one new hire at the Engineer or
Engineering Physicist level to insure continuity.
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Some Cold Hard Facts about the Proton Future
• Running as we are now, the Booster can deliver a little over 1E20 protons per year – this is about a factor of four over typical stacking operations, and gives MiniBooNE about 20% of their baseline.
• NuMI will come on line in 2005, initially wanting about half of MiniBooNE’s rate, but hoping to increase their capacity – through Main Injector Improvements – until it is equal to MiniBooNE.
• Whatever the lab’s official policy, there will be great pressure (and good physics arguments) for running MiniBooNE and NuMI at the same time.
• -> By 2006 or so, the Proton Source will be called upon to deliver 10 times what it is delivering now.
• At the moment, there is NO PLAN for achieving this, short of a complete replacement!
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Limitations to Total Booster Flux
• Total protons per batch: 4E12 with decent beam loss, 5E12 max.
• Average rep rate of the machine:– Injection bump magnets (7.5Hz)– RF cavities (7.5Hz, maybe 15 w/cooling)– Kickers (15 Hz)– Extraction septa (now 4Hz, 7.5 after Jan. shutdown)
• Beam loss– Above ground:
• Shielding• Occupancy class of Booster towers
– Tunnel losses• Component damage• Activiation of high maintenance items (particularly RF cavities)
Of particular interest to NUMI
Our biggest concern
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Proton Timelines
• Everything measured in 15 Hz “clicks”• Minimum Main Injector Ramp = 22 clicks = 1.4 s• MiniBoone batches “sneak in” while the MI is ramping.• Cycle times of interest
– Min. Stack cycle: 1 inj + 22 MI ramp = 23 clicks = 1.5 s– Min. NuMI cycle: 6 inj + 22 MI ramp = 28 clicks = 1.9 s– Full “Slipstack” cycle (total 11 batches):
6 inject+ 2 capture (6 -> 3)+ 2 inject+ 2 capture (2 -> 1)+ 2 inject+ 2 capture (2 -> 1)+ 1 inject+ 22 M.I. Ramp----------------------39 clicks = 2.6 s
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Summary of Proton Ecomomics
Batches Protons delivered ( x E12 pps)* Total Scenario Cycle (clicks)
prepulse Stack MB NuMI
Rep rate (ave. Hz) Stack MB NuMI E12 /RunII
Stack 23 2 1 2.0 3.3 0. 0. 3.3 1.
Stack/MB 23 2 1 8 7.2 3.3 26.1 0. 29.3 9.0
Stack/NuMI 28 2 1 5 4.3 2.7 0. 13.4 16.1 4.9
Stack/NuMI/MB 28 2 1 10 5 9.6 2.7 28.8 13.4 42.9 13.1
Slipstack/NuMI 39 2 2 9 5.0 3.8 0. 17.3 21.2 6.5
Slipstack/NuMI/MB 39 2 2 13 9 10.0 3.8 25.0 17.3 46.2 14.2
Booster Hardware Issues Radiation Issues
MiniBooNE baseline 5E20 p/year
*assuming 5E12 protons per batch
NUMI “baseline” = 13.4E12 pps x 2E7 s/year 2.7E20 p/year
Right now we’re at roughly 1/5 of the MiniBooNE baseline
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Typical Booster Cycle
Various Injected Intensities
Transition
Intensity (E12)
Energy Lost (KJ)
Time (s)
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Booster Losses (Normalized to Trip Point)
BRF11: 200 mR/hr @ 1ft
BRF15: 300 mR/hr @ 1ft
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Booster Tunnel Radiation Levels
Activation in Booster Tunnel (6 hour cooldown)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
L20
L21_
RF9_ds
S21
L22_
RF12_us
L23_
RF13_us
L23_
RF14_ds
L24_
RF15_ds S24 S1 L3 S3 L5 S6 L8 L9 L1
0S11 S12 L1
3S13
L14_
RF2_us
L15_
RF3_us
L15_
RF4_ds
L16_
RF5_ds
S16
L17_
RF8_us
L18
L19_
RF17_ds S19
Standard Locations (some contact, some 1ft)
mR
/hr 28-Aug-02
17-Dec-02
• On the last access
• The people doing the radiation survey got about 20 mR.
• Two technicians received 30 mR doing a minor HV cable repair.
• We’re at (or past??) the absolute limit on our overall activation
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Hardware Improvements to Booster
• Shielding and reclassification of Booster towers: complete 2001• New extraction septum (MP02) power supply: complete 11/02• New extraction septum: magnet complete. To be installed 1/03• Collimation system: complete, but cannot be used until…• Collimation system shielding: 75 tons of steel to be stacked 1/03• Time line improvements (very important for MiniBooNE
operation): more or less complete.• More cables for extraction septum (will allow 15 Hz
operation): ??• New injection bump magnets: ??• New RF cavities: ??
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Plan
• All near term hardware improvements will be complete by early to mid 2003. At the point the Booster will physically be able to run a 7.5 Hz.
• Proceed with tuning improvements (C. Ankenbrandt coor.):– IPM calibration (Tomlin, Spentzouris, Lackey).– Orbit correctors: complete, working out operational issues
(Prebys, Coney).– Precision lattice measurement: (Lackey, Coney, new grad.
Student).– Transition studies (gamma-t jump??): (Jackson et al.)– Damping improvements: Pellico + ??
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New RF System
• The existing RF cavities form the primary aperture restriction (2 ¼” vs. 3 ¼”).
• They are high maintenance, so their activation is a worry.• There is a plan for a new RF system with 5” cavities:
– Powered prototype built– Vacuum prototype ready for summer installation– Second prototype to be built by university machine shops?
• Total cost: $5.5M cavities + $5.5M power supplies (maybe use old ones)
• Is it worth it? On of the questions for the study group is how much improvement we might expect.
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Upgrade Cost EstimateTUNERNew ferrite cores 28 $500 $14,000New copper disks 28 $300 $8,400End caps 2 $300 $600Center hub casting 1 $5,000 $5,000Center conductor cones 2 $1,500 $3,000Internal bus package 1 $5,000 $5,000External bus package 1 $5,000 $5,000Stem 1 $1,500 $1,500Machine Shop per Tuner 1 $5,000 $5,000Misc. 1 $5,000 $5,000Total per tuner cost $52,500
CAVITYNew ceramic windows 2 $10,000 $20,000New blocking capacitor 1 $13,750 $13,750New B+ choke 1 $2,500 $2,500New beam tube 1 $1,500 $1,500New mu tube 1 $1,000 $1,000New end plate assemblies 2 $1,000 $2,000New outer shell 1 $15,000 $15,000New inner conductor 1 $10,000 $10,000New gap electrodes 4 $500 $2,000New tuner 3 $52,500 $157,500Machine Shop per Cavity 1 $23,810 $23,810Misc 1 $10,000 $10,000
Total per cavity cost $259,060
Total for 21 cavities 21 $5,440,249.92Labor Cost Estimate is shown below
LABOR (in man-years) Estimate for Cavity & Tuner OnlyMechanical Engineer 1 $100,000 $100,000RF Engineer 1.5 $100,000 $150,000Drafting 1 $100,000 $100,000Technician 3 $100,000 $300,000
Total labor cost $650,000
Series Tube Modulator 20 90,000 1,800,000.00
6 Kwatt Solid State Wideband driver 20 100,000 2,000,000.00
200 Kwatt Power Amplifier 20 80,000 1,600,000.00 -
Installation 18 5,000 90,000.00
Total Excluding FNAL Labor 10,930,249.92
Summary:
• ~$260K per cavity, of which $160K goes for the three tuners.
• A roughly equal amount for the power supply chain.
• About 20 cavities.
-> $11M total
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RF Upgrade: Questions to Answer
• Accuracy of the Cost Estimate?• Status:
– First prototype– Vacuum prototype– Design
• Reasonable timeline.• Ways to save money:
– Use old tuners?– Use existing power supplies?
• Ways in which universities can help:– Political pressure– Money– Fabrication
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ORBUMP Project
• The current ORBUMP magnets can ramp at 7.5 Hz, with a substantial temperature rise.
• Need to go to 12 to support MiniBooNE and NuMI.• New design underway, but needs much more
attention.• Can new design incorporate injection improvements??
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Simulation/Studies
• Any major improvement in the Booster will very likely involve at least some hardware improvements (in 30 years, every knob has been tuned).
• Any proposed hardware improvement will have to be supported by simulations and measurements.
• In a perfect world, we would be able to model the entire acceleration cycle of the Booster, and reproduce losses.
• We are probably years away from that.• We need to focus our efforts:
– Obtain the best lattice we can – including measurements!!– Do limited modeling studies to try to identify what are likely important factors in
instabilities:• Alignment??• Nonlinearities??• Aperiodicities??• Etc.
• There should be a much closer relationship between simulations and measurements.
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Some General Comments
• The Proton Source CANNOT achieve its goals parasitically.
• The pressure from the collider program is not going to go away, so we have to come up with a plan to live together.
• We need, at the very least:– A commitment to a certain amount of dedicated study time
(few hours a week).– A commitment to priority on a console (preferably #2).
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Conclusions
• We are at or near the present limit of the Booster output.
• This is a factor of up to ten away from what is needed.• Current plans might realistically increase things by a
factor of two or three, tops.• Getting further will be hard!!!