1. Getting Started with Zend Framework Matthew Weier O'Phinney Software Architect Zend Framework

2.

Just AnotherPHP Hacker

Who's this guy? 3. Matthew Weier O'Phinney

Contributor to Zend Framework since pre-0.1.0; used ZF internally at Zend.

Component lead on MVC since August 2006.

Full-time Zend Framework developer since December 2007.

Software Architect since April 2008.

4. What we'll cover

Bird's-eye view of Zend Framework

How to start integrating Zend Framework in your applications

MVC overview

Quick Start to developing applications using Zend Framework's MVC

5. What is Zend Framework? It's just another PHP framework 6. No, what is Zend Framework? It's a glue library. 7. No, really, what is Zend Framework?

PHP 5 library for web development productivity

Open source

• New BSD license is business-friendly

• Free for development and distribution

• CLA process assures that the code is free of legal issues

Class library fully OOP

Documentation in many languages

Quality & testing fully unit tested

• >80% code coverage required; >90% encouraged

8. Zend Framework Philosophy

Simplicity and Extensibility

• Easy solutions for the 80% most commonly-used functionality for web applications

• Extensibility enables easy customization, to solve the remaining 20%

• No complex XML configuration files

Good object-oriented and agile practices

• Use-at-will architecture, but also:

• Full stack framework

• Designed for extensibility

• Frequent testing

• Frequent interaction with user community

9. Zend Framework quality process

Say what youre going to do

• Proposal process

Do it

• Write object oriented components

• Unit test your component

• • We encourage test-driven development (TDD)

• Document how it works

Verify it matches what you said

• Open-source development and community review

• Frequent and thorough testing with PHPUnit

• Code coverage reports with PHPUnit

• Review by internal Zend team for compliance

10. What's in Zend Framework? 11. How to get started 12. Two approaches

Start using individual components in your existing applications

• Gradual migration path

• Add new functionality to your application as you need it

• Replace existing functionality with well-tested components

Start using the Zend Framework MVC layer

• Develop new applications

• Have ZF intercept new functionality in your site

• Create well-tested and testable applications in Zend Framework

13. MVC Overview 14. Model-View-Controller

Model : Business logic and abstraction

View : Presentation layer

Controller : Decide which Models and Views to utilize, based on request

15. Front Controller

Intercept all requests

Map requests to Action Controllers

Dispatch requested Action Controller and return response

16. Benefits of MVC

Separate your code into discrete realms of responsibility

• Business logic

• Presentation logic

• Route decisioning

Predictable location of code on the server

Typically utilizes OOP => easier to test and re-use

• Easier to maintain long term

17. Quick Start 18. Setup the Project Structure

First things first: create your directory structure

19. Get Zend Framework

From http://framework.zend.com/download/latest

20. Get Zend Framework

Extract the archive

• tar xzf ZendFramework-1.6.1.tar.gz

• Unzip ZendFramework-1.6.1.zip

• Or use a GUI frontend

Copy or symlink the library/Zend directory you extracted into your library directory:

21. Create a Virtual Host

Simplest version:

22. Create your .htaccess file

php.ini directives:

• date.timezone: many apps rely on this

• short_open_tags: view scripts are easier to write with this on

• error_reporting: default error reporting level E_ALL|E_STRICT for development

• display_errors: turn on for development

23. Create your .htaccess file

RewriteRules: any request to a file that does not exist should go to our Zend Framework bootstrap:

24. Create your bootstrap files

index.php:

• Indicate we need bootstrapping for our application

• Load our bootstrap file, and handle any errors

• Dispatch our front controller

25. index.php 26. Create your bootstrap files

application/bootstrap.php:

• Setup application constants

• Web bootstrap related setup

• • include_path

• • Setup autoloading

• Front controller setup

• • Add a controller directory

• • Set some application parameters

27. application/bootstrap.php 28. Create a controller

All controllers extend Zend_Controller_Action

Naming conventions

• Controllers end with 'Controller':IndexController, GuestbookController

• Action methods end with 'Action': signAction(), displayAction(), listAction()

• Controllers should be in the application/controllers/ directory, and named after the class, with a .php suffix: application/controllers/IndexController.php application/controllers/GuestbookController.php

• All conventions are configurable!

29. IndexController.php 30. But... there's no code there...

By default, a view is rendered; you don't need to do anything to enable this.

The view rendered is /.phtml

The view script path resolution is configurable!

31. Create a view script

View scripts go in application/views/scripts/

View script resolution looks for a view script in a subdirectory named after the controller

• Controller name used is same as it appears on the url:

• • GuestbookController appears on the URL as guestbook

• • GuestBookController appears on the URL as guest-book

• • Basically, MixedCased becomes dash-separated

View script name is the action name as it appears on the url:

• signAction() appears on the URL as sign

• myAccountAction() appears on the URL as my-account

• Basically, camelCased becomes dash-separated

32. index/index.phtml view script 33. But... that's just HTML!

View scripts use PHP as their templating language PHPisa template language!

Mix HTML and PHP

Use alternate control structure annotations for readability

Use short tags (heavily debated) for brevity

34. Create an ErrorController

Application errors are trapped by the front controller by default

When exceptions are detected, ErrorController::errorAction() is invoked

Separate 404 (Not Found) errors from 500 (Application) errors to return proper response codes to the user

Display errors in development, log them in production

Alternately, do something else:

• Perform a search based on the originally requested URL

• Display a site map

35. ErrorController.php 36. Create a view script for the ErrorController

We have a controller and action, so we need a view script

Appears in error/error.phtml of the view scripts directory

37. error/error.phtml 38. But wait, these aren't complete HTML pages!

You're right they are your application views

This leads into our next topic: layouts

39. Layouts Design Patterns

Two Step View

• Inject application views into a common view to return

• Usually associated with a Transform View think XSLT

Composite View

• Inject rendered views into a common view, OR

• Render additional views from a master view

In a nutshell: build the site view, or layout, from lots of little building blocks, or application views

40. Layouts Example Use Cases

We want our application views to appear in this:

41. Zend_Layout

Steps:

Initialize layouts

Perform view initialization (set doctype, etc)

Create a layout script

42. Zend_Layout: bootstrap changes 43. Zend_Layout: layout script 44. Configuring your Application

Zend Framework is configuration-less

But your application may need configuration

Zend_Config...

• allows you to write configurations in several formats

• provides OOP access to your configuration

• provides configuration inheritance between sections

Zend_Registryallows you to persist objects including your configuration for the duration of the request

• Put stuff in

• Take stuff out

45. Sample INI configuration skeleton 46. Configuration: bootstrap.php changes 47. What about the M? The Model?

Patterns :

Table Data Gateway

• Abstracts SQL access to a single database table and its rows

• Often used with Row Data Gateway, which abstracts access to a single table row

Table Module

• Abstracts and restricts access to a table

• Defines entry points to the table

• Entry methods contain business logic

Domain Model

• Abstracts entities and their relationships

• Not necessarily a 1:1 correspondence with tables

48. Setting up the Database Adapter

Zend_Db::factory() will instantiate the requested adapter

Pass our configuration to it

• Negates the need to modify code going from development to testing to production

Set the adapter as the default adapter for our Table Data Gateway (Zend_Db_Table)

49. DB Adapter Configuration and Bootstrap 50. Table Data Gateway: Zend_Db_Table

Abstracts SQL for interacting with a database table

Fetch Rowsets or individual Rows

Override methods to enforce data integrity

In our application

• Ensure we get a created timestamp on each row

• Prevent updates to existing rows

51. Model_DbTable_Guestbook 52. Model: Table Module

Identify access methods:

• Save entries

• Fetch all entries

• Fetch individual entry

Attach a data source

• Often a Table Data Gateway

• In our case, Model_DbTable_Guestbook

53. Table Module Retrieve Table Data Gateway 54. Table Module Access Methods 55. Using the Model in the Controller

Controller needs to retrieve Model

To start, let's fetch listings

56. Adding the Model to the Controller 57. Create a Form

Zend_Form:

Provides input filtering:

• Filter chains to sanitize data prior to validation

• Validation chains to ensure the data provided is valid

Allows rendering form

• Follows decorator pattern

• Completely configurable

• Output in any format your application needs: HTML, PDF, XML, etc.

58. Create a form Identify elements

Guestbook form:

Email address

Comment

Captcha to reduce spam entries

Submit button

59. Create a form Guestbook form 60. Create a form Guestbook form (cont.) 61. Using the Form in the Controller

Controller needs to fetch form object

On landing page, display the form

On POST requests, attempt to validate the form

On successful submission, redirect

62. Adding the form to the controller 63. Demonstration 64. Summary 65. What we learned

Recommended project structure

How to get and install Zend Framework

How to configure your Apache vhost

How to setup your php.ini settings and RewriteRules

What your bootstrap files are and what they should contain

How to create Action Controllers and View Scripts

How to create and initialize layouts

How to use configuration and the registry

How to create a model, including database access

How to create a form

66. Where to go from here

Zend Framework QuickStart Guide: http://framework.zend.com/docs/quickstart

Zend Framework Manual http://framework.zend.com/manual/manual

Zend Framework Wiki (proposals, tutorials, etc.) http://framework.zend.com/wiki

Zend Developer Zone (tutorials, articles, announcements) http://devzone.zend.com/

67. Thank you!