“Getting inside of your head”

Behaviorism

• Only examines data that is public and observable– Introspection is unimportant

• Personality = What you actually do– Traits, UCS, CS experiences, do not matter– Only B data matter

Behaviorism

• What determines personality?

• The observed environment– Not hidden process inside the mind

Behaviorism

• All that matters is

1) A persons behavior

2) A persons environment

Philosophical Roots

• Empiricism– Everything you know comes from experience

• Tabula Rasa

• Note how this is different than other approaches

Philosophical Roots

• Associationism

• Two things become associated into one if they are repeatedly experienced close together

Philosophical Roots

Book Noise

Philosophical Roots

Lightning Thunder

Philosophical Roots

Philosophical Roots

• Both empiricism and associatoinism are all that is needed to explain all knowledge

• Even complex ideas can be seen as combinations of simple ideas– Reductionism

David Hume John Locke Thomas Hobbes

Philosophical Roots

• One last element is missing

• What makes you go?

• Why do people behave at all?

Philosophical Roots

• Hedonism

• People learn in order to– 1) Seek pleasure– 2) Avoid pain

Philosophical Roots

• 1) Empiricism

• 2) Associationism

• 3) Hedonism

Behaviorism

• “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select--doctor, lawyer, merchant-chief, and yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, or abilities”

Learning

• A stable change in behavior as a function of one’s experience with the environment

• What learning is not– the acquisition of knowledge

Environment BehaviorLearning

Types of Learning

• 1) Habituation

• 2) Classical Conditioning

• 3) Operant Conditioning

Habituation

• Why do you jump less each time?

• You learned!

• Simplest type of learning

Habituation

• The initial response can be maintained if the stimulus is changed or increased with each exposure

Classical Conditioning

Why do you get anxious at the sight of a balloon and a pen?

Why do you cringe when you see fingernails and a chalk board?

Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning

• Condition – “learned”

• Stimulus– a condition that elicits a response

• Response– a behavior done after the stimulus

Classical Conditioning

• Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

• Unconditioned Response (UCR)

• Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

• Conditioned Response (CR)

Classical Conditioning

Balloon

• Figure out the:

• Neutral Stimulus

• UCS

• UCR

• CS

• CR

Classical Conditioning in Dating

• Make women/men love you!

• Figure out the:

• Neutral Stimulus• UCS• UCR• CS• CR

Classical Conditioning in Dating

Neutral Stimulus No response

Classical Conditioning in Dating

UCS UCR

Classical Conditioning in Dating

Neutral Stimulus UCR

and UCS

Classical Conditioning in Dating

CS CR

Classical Conditioning in Dating

Day 1

But. . .

Classical Conditioning in Dating

Day 2

But. . .

Classical Conditioning in Dating

Day 100

But. . .

Classical Conditioning in Dating

Day 150

Extinction

But. . .

Or

Or

Or

Or

Second-order conditioning

Something paired with the CS can itself begin to elicit the response

Or

Or

Or

Or

Stimulus Generalization

Stimuli like the CS well tend to elicit the same response as the CS

Questionnaire

Group Activity

• Why do you think a person might have social phobia?

• How would you cure a person with this problem?

Classical Conditioning

• Social Anxiety– Social Phobia

• General Anxiety– Learned helplessness

Classical Conditioning

• Example: Little Albert

Classical Conditioning

• Phobias

• Typically occur through association– The feared object is paired

with an unpleasant feelings

• Flooding• Systematic desensitization

Classical Conditioning

Food

Deliver good news not bad news