Getting Captioning Started on Campus: Lessons Learned Dean Brusnighan Assistive Technology...

Getting Captioning Started on Campus:Lessons LearnedDean BrusnighanAssistive Technology SpecialistPurdue University

All right the first thing I will do is to check to see that everybody can hear me OK, alright. My name is Dean Brusnighan and I am from Purdue University. My title is assistive technology


specialist. And I am very pleased to have you here today. Thanks for coming, The title of my session is Getting Captioning Started on Campus: Lessons. I am pretty informal show any


you have a question please feel free to interrupt me. I hope that we will have a good dialogue going. And I hope that I will be able to provide some information that will be useful to you.


How many of you are here because you do not have captioning going on your campus right now? Wow about half or more. Okay. That is where Purdue was about a year and a a half ago. I


have only been in my position three years. About a year and ½ ago I started asking questions and trying to get answers about what captioning was going on on campus. There was none.

Background

• A one-year, campus-wide, proof-of-concept project• Provide captioning in broad categories:• Administrative video• Academic video• Intercollegiate Athletics

So, hopefully I can provide some information that is helpful to you. Some background, I received funding through the vice president of information technology at Purdue for a one year

Background


campus wide proof of concept project. And what that means to me is I was going to try to do captioning in a bunch of different areas on campus and see if any of it worked and if it did work try

Background


to help someone else understand this is how to do it and help them, take over. And the idea was to provide captioning in three broad categories.

Background


1) Administrative video. 2) Academic video. 3) Intercollegiate athletics.

Agenda

• YouTube• Commencement Ceremonies• Echo 360• Intercollegiate Athletics• What I learned

So the agenda items for today we will talk about youtube, we will talk about commencement ceremonies, those are both under the administrative category. We will talk about echo 360,

Agenda

• YouTube• Commencement Ceremonies• Echo 360• Intercollegiate Athletics• What I learned

which is the academic portion. And we will talk about intercollegiate athletics. And all along the way I will be sharing with you lessons I have learned along the way.

Administrative Video

The first thing we will talk about is YouTube. At the time this project started Purdue had it on its Purdue channel, about 200, a little more than 200, YouTube videos on the Purdue channel.


And so part of our captioning funding was to take all of ? those and work through the backlog and provide captions for all of those. So we felt like this is a pretty public face? of Purdue, let


us make sure it is accessible. As we were working through those with a student employee, we found out that YouTube was offering this machine transcription for free so we decided, well


ok, let’s set up a test to compare fixing that machine transcription that is free against paying a captioning vendor to do it for us and see what the difference in cost would be.

YouTube

• Set up a test to compare costs:

• fixing machine transcriptionvs.

• paying a captioning vendor (Automatic Sync Technologies)

Our captioning vendor at Purdue is Automatic Sync Technologies, we have been working with them from the beginning and that was the result of a student doing some

YouTube




research and looking at different captioning vendors. I would be happy to talk to you about that after the session. That was not the focus of today. So we wanted to test these two things. And

YouTube




we chose 16 different videos from the Purdue channel with a variety of lengths from 2 minutes to 8 or ten minutes I think was the longest one. And we chose them according to different

YouTube




criteria. Some of them had a lot of background noise and some of them were created in a studio so they did not have background noise. Uh, yes, let’s close the door. So we tried to

YouTube




offer a variety of different kinds of videos to the machine transcription and to the vendor to see what the differences would be.

Compare processes

Machine Transcription• Download MT file from

YouTube• Fix word recognition and

timing errors• Upload to YouTube

AST captioning vendor• Quickly review video to

identify problematic words or names• Submit video to AST• Review returned caption file

to fix errors, if any• Upload to YouTube

So let’s compare the processes first so you know exactly what we did. And again this is with a student employee who downloaded the machine transcription file from YouTube, fixed

Compare processes







the word recognition errors, because the machine transcription was done through voice recognition, but also timing errors, discovered that the timing of the wording in the file was also

Compare processes







inaccurate more than we would like it to be. So once those corrections were made they were uploaded back to ? YouTube. For the automatic sync technologies first the video was

Compare processes







reviewed to identify any problematic words or names. With AST you can submit those words as a transcriber’s guide so they can get them right in the initial pass through rather than having to

Compare processes







correct those after the fact. So that review was done, submitted the video to automatic sync and then reviewed the return caption file to fix any errors if there were any and uploaded it to YouTube.

Compare costsMachine Transcription• Editing time per video (avg):• 114 minutes

• Employee cost: • $8.50/hour

• Avg Cost per video: • $16.20

AST captioning vendor• Editing time per video (avg):• 31 minutes


• Employee Cost per video: • $4.47

• Avg AST Cost per video:• $8.01


So the result of doing these 16 videos in both fashions, we found out a number of things. The cost for machine transcription, the student editing time for each of those videos









averaged 114 minutes. So almost 2 hours, to correct all of the recognition mistakes, correct the timing and have it usable. So our employee cost, our student employee was $8.50 an hour,









and that makes the cost, the average cost per video, $16.20. For submitting it to a vendor, the editing time collectively both before submitting it to AST and afterwards was 31 minutes on









average. Employee cost is the same. So that the cost per video for the employee’s time was $4.47. That does not include AST cost which on average per video was a little more than $8.00,









making the total then $12.50, $12.48. And you can see that that is roughly 75% of what we spent to correct something that was free.

What I Learned #1

• A captioning vendor can be a better solution than alternatives in some cases.

So what I learned there is that a captioning vendor can be a better alternative in some cases depending on what you’re starting with and what you’re trying to end up with. But it is

What I Learned #1

• A captioning vendor can be a better solution than alternatives in some cases.

not necessarily intuitive that it’s less expensive to pay someone else than to do it yourself. But that is something we learned through this process. Not only that, but we found some unexpected benefits.

What I Learned #2

• Providing captions in one area can lead to unexpected benefits in another area

• Undergraduate Admissions now has captions on almost all of their online video content

Remember all those 200 videos in YouTube on the Purdue channel. when we got through most of those and I was contacting the undergraduate admissions office to see if they

What I Learned #2



had videos on their website that needed to be captioned to improve accessibility. [I] found out that low and behold, they were using. almost all of the videos on their website are drawn

What I Learned #2



from the Purdue channel YouTube site. So that when we captioned those YouTube videos on the Purdue channel, under-graduate admissions all of a sudden had most all of their videos

What I Learned #2



captioned for under-graduate admissions. So, sometimes good things can happen even though you don’t plan for them. Any questions about that before I go on?

What I Learned #2



Questions from audience InaudibleQuality? Tell me more about what you mean.Question from audience inaudible.

What I Learned #2



Yes final product indistinguishable as far as we could tell. We did not do the research to ask particular individuals to go through and tell us. Yes, another question

What I Learned #2



Questions from audience inaudibleWe chose 16 different ones with a variety of times and a variety of background noises and things like that so that it, so it would

What I Learned #2



not be, so we would have a true comparison about, so the shortest one was about 2 minutes, the longest one was eight or 10 minutes. Does that answer? your question?

What I Learned #2



Questions from audience inaudibleOk, the automatic sync vendor that we’re using doesn’t require a contract. You can set up an account which is free and then

What I Learned #2



you submit videos to them and they will bill your school or your department at the end of the month for things that you submitted to them. You can also reduce the cost by paying

What I Learned #2



ahead on an account, and then the cost per video minute goes down based by how much you buy at a time.Questions from audience inaudible


Right. Right. So administrative video number two. Commencement ceremonies. I have a picture of a number of students in their cap and gowns. At Purdue commencement


ceremonies are held in a pretty large auditorium that seats 5 or 6000 students and it is also shown on the local access cable TV channel and it’s also simulcast on the web. So when I was

Commencement Ceremonies

• At Purdue, available on:• Local access cable TV• Simultaneous webcast

• What did I start with?• Fear of the unknown

• My fears were unfounded

thinking about approaching commencement and trying to get captioning going there, again I knew this was something very public facing, wanted it to be accessible. What did I start with, I





started with a lot of fears of the unknown, a lot of fears of the unknown, I, my original thought was OK lets try to captioning for the audience in the hall, because really until I talked to the folks





I wasn’t aware that it was simulcast on the web. So, I called the registrar’s office, they referred me to this unit of campus called hall of music productions. They’re the people who do the





TV broadcast and all of that kind of TV collaboration kind of thing. So, talked to them, told them my idea and they said providing captions on screens inside the halls is actually a lot





more difficult than you’d think it would be just walking off the street. So they said that is more of a long-term project so let go of that idea, but then found out that it was broadcast on TV and





simulcast. And we were chatting some more and he said, well, how do you want to go about doing this and I said boy I don’t know. And he said we already have a system in place for doing





the TV show for the football coach and the two basketball coaches. Do you want to just use the system we have in place. And I said, well, yeah [laughter]. How great to find out that the





system was already in place and all the technology was already available. They already had a captioning vendor, a live captioning vendor that they used for the TV broadcast. I could





just contact the captioning vendor, schedule her for the commencement times. She and her company were available. She knew the system at Purdue because she has worked with





them before. She knew the numbers to call in to. It requires two phone lines to do this remote with realtime captioning. So we used that system, and it worked out great. In our





conversation then talking about, well this is going to be captions on the TV broadcast but what happens when the that gets, that video signal gets sent to the webcast. What happens to the





captions then? Well, again, none of us knew. And what happened was that the hall of music productions people who do the TV, collaborated with the ITAP, information technology at





Purdue, the IT group, that works on that simulcast, to send that out And they got together and called me one day and said, you know, we’ve worked on this and we can transfer the captions





from the TV directly to the simulcast without having to redo it. Wow great, thank you for figuring that out for me. So what I found out is that my fears were unfounded. You know, people





were willing to be open to ideas and they, and that may not always be the case, but I have found it more often than I expected to on campus, The quality production folks were





honest enough to say, we can’t easily this stuff in the hall but we can address the TV broadcast and the simulcast. In actuality that may affect more people than those who were in the hall.

What I Learned #3

• New collaborations to provide captions can come from unexpected places.

So one of the things that I’ve learned is that new collaborations to provide captions can come from unexpected places. I had no idea going into it that the hall of music productions was going to

What I Learned #3


be able to just plop this system in place for me and that they would be able to coordinate with the ITAP group to figure out captions on the simulcast. So rely on people on campus. Let

What I Learned #3


them provide guidance and it might happen more often than you expect. Yes question.

Question from audience inaudible

Academic video

Ok, now academic video. who has heard of echo 360? Okay, a few hands. It is a lecture capture system, it is what we use at Purdue. Lecture capture saves audio. It can save audio and

Academic video

presentations through the projector. It can also be able to capture video from the back of the room so it has multiple possibilities. But it was on my radar to provide captioning

Academic video

through this because I had a feeling that we run across at some point a situation where a student needed captions on this recorded lecture and I wanted to know how to make that work

Academic video

so that, again, we could pass it on to folks in the future. Now it turns out that, yes ma’am?Questions from audience inaudible

Academic video

Lecture capture system? I do not know, does anybody in the room know how much this costs?… Answer from audience inaudible

Academic video

So to repeat, some of what the discussion was, that really the price depends on a number of factors, depending upon the vendor, and how many classrooms you have, what hardware

Academic video

and software you want there. I know at Purdue we’ve got several hundred classrooms. Most of them are only collecting audio. There were seven particular rooms designated to have

Academic video

all of the hardware to capture all of the stuff that we’re going to talk about here. Another question.Question from audience inaudible

Academic video

Mobile vs. fixed is another consideration. Ok. Did that answer your question ma’am? Ok,you’re welcome.

Echo 360 (cont.)• A distance education student needed captions in

2 classes• Collaboration with the IT unit in charge of Echo

360 was critical• Effort required to set up the “automatic”

submission• In 2 or 3 business days, the caption file was

returned & integrated into the recorded lecture• Student found the captions very helpful

So what I learned about echo 360 is that they already have a business relationship with automatic sync technologies. That if we, if we decide that we want captions on this particular






classes, lectures for this semester; In my mind, I’m sure it is not as simple as this, there is a check box that says yes we want captioning. And then, they’ve got a system in the background






that sends it off to AST to get captions and the file is sent back. I’ll give you some more in a second, more information. So we were just waiting for the opportunity to arise, it didn’t happen






in the fall of 2009 but it did in spring of 2010. So we had a distance education contact our disabilities services office and I






was collaborating with them, so we started negotiations, contacted the right people.






For me collaboration with the IT unit in charge of echo 360 was critical because you, you remember that check box I said, it is not that easy. There was some effort, it didn’t take them all






week but it was more than just you know a few minutes to get this in place, there was coding to be done and other things. He needed to know our account at AST and he needed to know our






LOGIN and password for that. So that was critical. But once we had their collaboration and got that setup, it worked flawlessly all semester for both of those classes and in two or three






business days which is the usual turnaround time for AST, those caption files came back, were integrated with the lecture capture for that day and then made available. And the student






used that, those captions and the best part was she said that they were very very helpful to her. So we found a way to find






out how to get captions involved with our lecture capture so that now in the future we can do that more easily.

Echo 360 Captions

This is just a screen capture of what the echo 360 recording looks like. There’s a large window with the video. There’s a smaller window with the video and the captions, to the left

Echo 360 Captions

hand side, and the captions look small from this view but if you’re looking at it from a computer then it is sizable enough to be able to read easily.

Echo 360 Captions

Yes sir.Question from audience inaudibleIt was not a hybrid class. This student was listening to the

Echo 360 Captions

lecture, she was able to listen to the lecture live but then she could go back and pull up the lecture capture with the captions once the captions were available several days later. Does that

Echo 360 Captions

answer your question? Ok.Question from audience inaudibleYes it does or it can be set up that way.

What I Learned #4

• Ask questions of vendors and look for built-in collaborations to provide captioning.

OK. So what I learned from that was, talk to the vendors. Sometimes they have connections and availability to provide captions that I wouldn’t think possible. I recently learned that

What I Learned #4


there is another lecture capture system, which I can’t come up with a name right now, but it also has capturing functionality built in but I don’t know which vendor they use but it is good to

What I Learned #4


know that they’re thinking about it. So often in our experience people, vendors are not thinking about it, but if we ask questions we may find some things that really help out what

What I Learned #4


we’re trying to do.Yes sir.Question from audience inaudible

What I Learned #4


Oh, caption. What did he say.Answer from audience inaudible.Okay, okay, Sonic Foundry. Ok, so they have a relationship with AST as well, not a different vendor. Ok.

What I Learned #4


Audience input inaudible.Again, for the recording, Sonic Foundry is the company and the name of the product is Mediasite,

What I Learned #4


Audience input inaudibleM E D I A S I T E. One word. Audience input inaudible

What I Learned #4


Okay. Okay. Audience input inaudible.Okay. So it can be very expensive depending upon a number of factors.

Intercollegiate Athletics

Okay. Intercollegiate athletics. I’ve got a logo up for twitter and Cover it Live How many of you have heard of Cover It Live before .OK just one. Our focus on intercollegiate athletics came about


when Ohio State was sued by a deaf fan. Now how many of you are familiar with that case? Okay just a few hands. Ken from Ohio State raised his hand.


• Ohio State case• Athletics explored potential for captions on scoreboards• Not possible at this time

• Could captions be provided directly to mobile devices in sports venues?• Desire to caption the words of the announcer, during the

game and during breaks

It got the attention of the big 10 at least schools, because the deaf fan sued university by saying that the game announcements at the football stadium are not accessible to





me. This is information you’re providing to everyone else but not to me. And he asked for captions to be on the scoreboard. And my recollection, and correct me if I’m wrong Ken, it wasn’t,





it did not go to court was, it was settled out of court, but Ohio State wound up putting captions on their scoreboard, Minnesota did the same and I’m not sure if there are others.





But I know on our campus at least it led to a conversation with our athletic department. And the desire, just to be clear, is to caption all of the words that the PA announcer makes both





during the game action and in between, timeouts and all those things. OK. So, as I said, I contacted Purdue athletics to talk about this idea; they were open to conversation; they looked





into the scoreboard both at the football stadium and the basketball stadium and they said “not possible at this time for the size constraints” if I understand correctly. So I did not want





to leave it at that so I said well, what about the possibility of providing captions directly to mobile devices? I was not aware, hadn’t of anything that people had tied that. But it seemed like





a possible thing to do since doing it on the scoreboard wasn’t going to be possible.

Captions Using Twitter

• Challenging to keep posts below 140 character limit• Student testing showed that posts took about a

minute to show up• Too long for game captioning

So the first thing we tried was Twitter. I was a novice at Twitter going into this. Well, novice at a lot of things. Many of you may be aware but I was not, that these PA announcer scripts let’s




start with basketball, are scripted, what the PA announcer says just does not come off the top of his head, he’s reading from a script during timeouts, halftime, those kinds of things. The only




thing that isn’t scripted is what he or she says during the game action like “Don Johnson scores three” or whatever. I was going into it thinking that we would need to have a captionist or a




stenographer to be able to keep up. But finding out that there was a script we could use a student employer and cut and paste. The trouble with twitter is that the script does not come in 140




character blocks (laughter). So that was a challenge. But we worked with it a little bit, got good enough to the point where we said OK let’s have some students now come and try it. And




when they came and tried it, the delay was a minute or more. And for typical twitter conversation that probably is not a big deal but in game situations a minute is like eternity. Lots of




action can occur. And if I find out now that something happened a minute ago, not helpful, so that was too long. So then we turn to the tool called CoverIt Live.

Captions Using CoveritLive• CoveritLive is a web based live blogging tool (

www.coveritlive.com)

• No limit on number of characters in post• Posts show up in a few seconds on most web-enabled

mobile devices• Blackberry issues

• Season ended before student testing could be conducted in Spring 2010

On the Cover It Live web site, which is www.coveritlive.com. Calls itself a web based live blogging tool. All that means is, it’s created to do live things. Can be news events. Cover It Live was

http://www.coveritlive.com/







used a lot during the election day a couple of weeks ago. New events, lots of things happening. Anybody who is an administrator can post information there and you can open it up







to have guests or anybody post to it, and everybody gets to add their input all on this one page. So what was attractive to us was that there was no limit to the number of characters in a particular post.







Yes ma’am.








So the question is: is it like facebook where you can develop friends. It is not exactly like that. Right,if you have the URL to the live event then it comes up on the your screen and you can







read the post and as new posts come up they are added to either the top or the bottom and that scrolls automatically. Question from audience inaudible







The person who creates the live event kit will e-mail it to you or, you can, there might be a situation where let’s say, Purdue athletics says we’re going to have this all the time in the future







than people who would want to use that would go to the Purdue athletics site and get the URL for the upcoming game there. Does that help - okay. So no limit on posts and in







experiments in the spring we found out that the new posts show up in just a few seconds. It’s not as much as a minute. Blackberry issues - I’m not trying to beat down on blackberry –







but we’ve had some difficulty with them being able to go to the live event and pull it up. I will tell you more in the next slide. If anybody is interested in following up on this we have some







things with Blackberry. So the basketball season ended in the spring before we could get student testing on Cover It Live. One of the things that we found out was our target audience -







students who are deaf or hard of hearing - have text enabled phones but the ones that we were communicating with did not have Web enabled phones, so cover it live was not going to be







accessible to them at all. I think I’ve mentioned that the athletic department at Purdue has been l great to work with and been very supportive.


Captions & CoveritLive (cont.)

• Athletic Dept very supportive of this project• Purchased 3 iPod Touches to loan to students

• Testing with students will begin soon• Blackberry issues continue

Their feeling is that if this will work it is going to be more cost effective than trying to redo the scoreboard to put captioning there. So we went to them over the summer and they were




willing to purchase three iiPod Touches that we can loan to students. So we are in the process, basketball season just started, we tried in the football stadium, we have wifi issues




there. I will just say it that way. So now we’re looking forward to doing it in the basketball arena and testing with students will begin again soon. We started testing with ourselves to make




sure that it was working the way we thought it was going to work with the iPod touches and the longest delay during the game we did the testing on was 10 seconds. I think that’s




manageable. I thought we had figured out the blackberry issues. I was working with Cover It Live. They gave me some information. I was able to test that over the summer and the




two blackberry users that we’ve been working with - primarily both Purdue employees - said yeah they can get to that event and we didn’t have any event material. We didn’t have anything




going but they could get to the event and see it. That was an improvement over what they saw before, because they would go to the URL and it would just be like a black box. So we




thought we had it figured out but now we’ve done testing and they are still unable, they can go to the URL and see it but they still can’t open it.





They have not tried other browsers and that is, that is what I am told is the problem. Blackberry has developed its own web




browser and, they are not, it is not based on this standard web kit I guess it is called. I’m not an expert. Where most other handheld devices have used this web kit standard as the basis




for their web browser. I was told that Blackberry is working on a browser that is based on the web kit standard. So if that comes out from Blackberry then we may be OK.

What I Learned #5

• When the obvious solution won’t work, it can lead to a more creative solution. It may be better than the obvious solution.

But that is where we stand with blackberry right now. I hope that improves. I guess I have decided that there’s so much potential that we’re going to move forward with the iPod

What I Learned #5


Touches and Cover It Live and see if that works. And if it does we will have to provide some type of disclaimer at the beginning of, if you’re a Blackberry user then you may want to think about

What I Learned #5


getting something else. Laughter. I’m not sure what I’d say but... Comment from audience inaudibleIs that right? Ok.

What I Learned #5


The comment was that there are other browsers that can be installed on the blackberry. So.. Right, sure. But thank you.Question from audience inaudible

What I Learned #5


Yes, a unique URL per event because after the event is finished live action it stays at that URL as an archive if you want to go back to it.

What I Learned #5


Question from audience inaudibleYeah, yeah. Is your question about Cover It Live being able to accept that or 6000 people trying to get on…

What I Learned #5


Audience comment inaudibleCover It Live tells me that they, through their web site and information, because they are working with really big names

What I Learned #5


like New York Times and other broadcast media, that they are setup to handle large numbers of users at a time. As far as locally can we get that many on, that is a great question. I hope

What I Learned #5


we get to the point where we get the test back. And I picture it as taking steps. My first step is to get it so that students who are deaf and hard of hearing can use it and if that’s working

What I Learned #5


well then we can announce it to everybody who is coming to the games to say hey, if you want to try this… I don’t know if you have had this experience but I’ve been at games where it’s

What I Learned #5


noisy, it’s loud or the person talking at the microphone is [mimics muffled talked at mic] and you cannot understand what he or she is saying. It would be nice sometimes if you could just

What I Learned #5


look at a mobile device and say “oh that’s what he said”. I think there's some benefit to opening it up to everybody at the game if it is working well and once we get to that point I think your

What I Learned #5


question about whether we will be able to handle that will come into play. That is a great question, but I can’t really answer itQuestion from audience inaudible

What I Learned #5


It’s free. Cover It Live is in business to make money so they’ve got like a free, there’s a free tool and then there are other things that you can add to it if you want to pay money. For instance if

What I Learned #5


we were a big company and wanted to advertise. I will give you a quick example. Our local, in Lafayette, Indiana, our local TV station is WLFI, and we had some severe weather a couple of

What I Learned #5


weeks ago. There were 50 mph winds and electricity going out. They used Cover It Live to do a live blog session and people from all over the county were saying what their status was locally.

What I Learned #5


They might have used the free version of cover it live but they might have used the paid version because you get to add other advertising and other things to it, that they could sell that

What I Learned #5


advertising space to. Is that making sense? So, at our level it’s free and it has the, has the features that work for us but if you wanted to spend money, you can get other features and that

What I Learned #5


would help that company make money doing that. Okay? So what I learned from this is, obvious solution is captions on the scoreboard but if that obvious solution cannot be put in place

What I Learned #5


for whatever reason, weather there's resistance or the technology will not support it or money problems, whatever it is, sometimes that can lead to a creative solution and under the

What I Learned #5


best circumstances that creative solution may actually be better than the more obvious solution once you get to it. Not always the case but I try to be optimistic.

What I Learned Recap1. A captioning vendor can be a better solution than

alternatives in some cases.2. Providing captions in one area can lead to unexpected

benefits in another area3. New collaborations to provide captions can come from

unexpected places.4. Ask questions of vendors and look for built-in

collaborations to provide captioning.5. When the obvious solution won’t work, it can lead to a

more creative solution. It may be better than the obvious solution.

So a recap of the things I learned in this project for me. Captioning vendor can be actually a better solution than alternatives in some cases. Providing captions in one area can







lead to unexpected benefits in another area, remember that was the YouTube. New collaborations to provide captions can come from unexpected places. That was the commencement







ceremony where they figured out how to make that happen. I didn’t have to. Four, ask questions of vendors. Look for things that are built in and collaborations that are built in to provide







captioning. That won’t always be the case but if we don't ask we won't find out. Then the recent one when the obvious solution won’t work then look for something more creative and







that might be a better solution for you. With that I would like to just say thank you for coming, I appreciate your time and I will open it up questions.

Getting Captioning Started on Campus: Lessons Learned Dean Brusnighan Assistive Technology...

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