Getting back to basics [compatibility mode]
Transcript of Getting back to basics [compatibility mode]
Getting Back to Basics: CreatingGetting Back to Basics: Creating Impact Oriented Bean Seed Delivery S t f th P ( d th ) iSystems for the Poor (and others) in Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania q
Chirwa, R.M, J.C. Rubyogo, M. Amane, E. D.L. Mazuma, C. Madata and R. Magreta
SAf‐CoP4 meeting Held at Club Makokola,Mangochi MalawiMangochi, Malawi
September 27‐October 1, 2010
BackgroundBackground
• Importance of BeansImportance of Beans• Major Challenges to Production
h hi j i d?• Why this project was conceived?
Importance of bean
Good source of plant• Good source of plant protein/minerals/vitamins
• Leaves are goodgvegetables
• Reduced hunger/cash strap period earlystrap period – early maturing – 3 months
• Sold for cash – leaves and grain
• Fixes nitrogen
Limiting factors to bean production
• Limited varieties for specific agro‐ecologies and market niches
• Unavailability of seed of improved bean varieties• Lack of knowledge about the existence or availability of non‐variety bean technologies
• Poor linkages between producers and• Poor linkages between producers and consumers/markets
This Project was to Address:This Project was to Address:
• Inadequate exposure of farmers, other consumers, q p , ,traders, other rural service providers to identify their preferred varieties and stimulate their wider utilizationutilization.
• Unavailability and inaccessibility of seeds of these varieties, resulting from disconnection betweenvarieties, resulting from disconnection between National Agricultural Research Services (NARS) products (improved bean varieties, knowledge and kill ) d i ti f l i idskills) and existing farmer, rural service providers and local bean seed systems.
Project Goal and Objectives:Project Goal and Objectives:
• Goal: Improved
To identify/verify farmers’ bean variety preferences
Goal: Improved food/Nutrition security and incomes of small holders
To enhance skills and knowledge of partners in Participatory Variety Selection (PVS) and decentralized seed systemsof small holders
through use of improved bean productivity
decentralized seed systems
To develop impact‐oriented bean seed production and delivery systems of preferred productivity p y y pvarieties serving a range of end‐users
Project SitesProject Sites
• Southern Highlands of Tanzania:• Southern Highlands of Tanzania:
Mbeya, Iringa and Rukwa Regions
• Malawi:
North, central and southern regions
• Mozambique:
Tete Zambezia Nampula andTete, Zambezia, Nampula and Niassa provinces
Project strategy: PartnershipProject strategy: Partnership
Partners included:• Government Extension Agents• NGOs Country Partners • NGOs, • CBOs • Private sector and
yOrganizations
Malawi 12
• Farmer organizations• Church organizations
B t d
Mozambique 16Tanzania 24
• Bean traders Total 52
The partners farmers and tradersThe partners, farmers and traders were trained to build their skills in PVS
Participatory Variety SelectionParticipatory Variety Selection
Country Participants in PVSPicture ‐ Process of PVS:
Female
Male TotalRibbons
Malawi
Tanzani 1466
1238 2704a 6
Mozambique
418 603 1021q
Total
Photo‐Process of PVS: cooking evaluation
Results of PVS:Results of PVS:
• Clients’ variety selection • Varieties SelectedClients variety selection criteria
Varieties Selected
Country Varieties
Tested Selected Released
Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania
Seed Multiplication
Year Seed (kg)
Partners and Farmers were trained in seed production
Year Seed (kg)
Malawi Tanzania Mozambique
2007 4411 7602007 4411 760
2008 1525 2500
2009 1562 66302009 1562 6630
2010 1872 9800
Background picture of seed multiplication
On‐station seed productionOn station seed production
Table with breeder and foundation
2007 2008 2009 2010
Malawi
Mozambique
Tanzania 10840 7050 4181 7200
QDS productionQDS production In collaboration with extension • Minimum inspection
d b dsupported by district
• Sometimes bureaucratic limitations:limitations:
o lack of funds
o transport means
o time availability
f h f ?Can farmers sustain the cost of inspections?
Does inspection pay off?
E i ll d (SHT)Empowering small seed entrepreneurs (SHT)
• Small seed entrepreneurs (own production/contract)
k i ll k imarketing small packs in SHT
Should regulations apply equally to large and small
d hseed entrepreneurs or what measures to support their development?? p
Engaging large scale ‘ able’ seed private g g g g psuppliers
• e.g. in 2009 Demeter seed company in Malawi close to 400 T throughclose to 400 T through MG TIP (about 230,000 households)‐
• 2010: Similar amount of seeds
(details with Martin)
What next after TIP?What next after TIP?
Supply of Starter Seed (PVS) and Basic for pp y ( )Commercial Seed Production
Malawi:
Due to seed rules under TIP: ‘One to One’ generation, Demeter Agric. Ltd requires every year about 5 tons of breeder seeds to produce 400 MTs commercial seedsbreeder seeds to produce 400 MTs commercial seeds
Seed systems environment – Malawi Situation
• 2006 • 2010
• No formal seed supply
• Limited partners in three
• Increasing in commercial seed due to exposure and also big seed market • Limited partners in three
countries
• Certified seed uses
• Increasing use of certified (5% in Malawi)
E i l l(<1%) • Emerging local entrepreneurs (several in three countries
Di• Diverse partners
• Increased demand of breeder/basic seeds
The demand for bean seed of various categories is increasing in all the 3 countries
Lessons LearntLessons Learnt
• Policy makers can provide a drive to influencePolicy makers can provide a drive to influence changes in seed supply and delivery systems –the case of Malawithe case of Malawi.
What next ? RESEARCH: Variables for Compare/ContrastpSeed production/Channels
Operations efficiency
Institutional mix
Scale Speed Type of farmer reached
Quality of seed suppliednnels reached supplied
Private company
QDS
Certified tentrepreneurs
Farmer non certified seeds
Use of small packs
Non marketNon market channels: schools, church