Gestault Laws & Elements Lec3
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Transcript of Gestault Laws & Elements Lec3
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Rene Magritte; This is not a pipe
Questioning the role of creativity, seeing, art, artist, image and viewer
Design is the conscious effort to impose a meaningful order. Papanik
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What Is Good/Bad Taste?
Given: Mainstream, Manufactured, the make belief world,
Print & electronic media, film, architecture, advertizing
You are what you have. Our life can change if we buy different
Anxiety about money, discontent, Fear, Inadequacy
Persuasion by showing transformed people, images of alternative way of life
Envy, Manufacturing Glamour
Model is the god/goddess, Perfected humansMediated communication
Issues
Milk, Water, Ice cream, Tobacco, Soft drinks, Junk food, medicines
Acquired: Classical, Generational, Continuity, History & HeritageSound; language, literature. Image; icons (Buddha, Jesus)
Architecture; monuments
Fine Arts
Unmediated communication
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Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization?
Gestalt (Shape or form) psychology was founded by German thinkersMax Wertheimer(April 15, 1880 October 12, 1943) Wolfgang Kohler
and Kurt Koffka and focused on how people interpret the world.Max Wertheimer noted that rapid sequences of perceptual events,
such as rows of flashing lights, create the illusion of motion even when
there is none. This is known as the phi phenomenon. Motion pictures
are based upon this principle, with a series of still images appearing in
rapid succession to form a seamless visual experience.
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All of these principles of perceptual organization serve the overarchingprinciple ofpragnnz (German for conciseness) , which is that
the simplest and most stable interpretations are favored.
What the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization suggest is that we
may be predisposed towards interpreting ambiguous images in one wayrather than another by universal principles.
We may accept such a proposition at the same time as accepting that suchpredispositions may also be generated by other factors.
Similarly, we may accept the Gestalt principles whilst at the same timeregarding other aspects of perception as being learned and culturally
variable rather than innate. The Gestalt principles can be seen as reinforcing the notion that the world
is not simply and objectively 'out there' but is constructed in the processof perception.
Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization?
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Characters, punctuation
Words, numbers
Sentences, paragraphs
Story
Structuring verbal information
Verbal elements such as words are used to form sentences.Visual information can be arranged in much the same way.
Points, lines, shapes
Type, pictures, space
Layout
DESIGN
Component
Vocabulary
Syntax
Message
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Creative
thought
Gestalt
laws
Good
design
Visual Perception
The way we see things is affected by what we know or what we believe -
John Berger
The mind does not simply record an exact image of the world but creates
its own 'picture' - Irvin Rock
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We thrive in information thick worlds because of
our marvelous and everyday capacity to select, edit,
single out, structure, highlight, group, pair, merge,
harmonize, synthesize, focus, organize, condense,
reduce, boil down, choose, categorize, catalog,
classify, list, abstract, scan, look into, idealize,isolate, discriminate, distinguish, screen, pigeonhole,
pick over, sort, integrate, blend, inspect, filter, lump,
skip, smooth, chunk, average, approximate, cluster,
aggregate, outline, summarize, itemize, review, dip
into, flit through, browse, glance into, leaf through,
skim, refine, glean, synopsize, winnow the wheat
from the chaff and separate the sheep from the
goats. Edward Tufte
Visual Perception
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Grid in Graphic Design
Alignment is an extension ofproximity. It has to do with
placing items so that they line
up. Alignment is a concept that
produces both grouping and
organizes information to create
order.
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Similarity & Anomaly
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Ying Yang Sign. Equal division of black and white surface
creates a tension that gives life to the design.
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good form
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This is an illustration of the concept of totality you grasp the "totality" of something
before worrying about the details.
The whole is different than the sum of its parts; not greater, not less than, just
different.
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Law of Common Fate
The common fate principle states that elements tend to be perceived as
grouped together if they move together.
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"Basically, we seem to have an
innate tendency to perceive one
aspect of an event as the figure
or fore-ground and the other as
the ground or back-ground."
[Boeree,2000]
Law of Figure and Ground
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A design for a ring using the solid and void in a figure
ground relationship
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Painting by Escher
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Past Experience
This means that past experience and context have an effect of how we interpret
and group elements.
http://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Image:Past.gifhttp://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Image:Past2.gifhttp://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Image:Past3.gif -
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The mind does not simply record an exact image of the world but creates
its own 'picture' - Irvin Rock
The following illustration demonstrates how a door appears to change shape as it is
opened. Shape constancy ensures that we are not typically conscious of this.
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The Third Dimension
As part of our imposition of meaning on what we see we seem to seek to turn images
into objects where possible.
The desire to interpret in depth seems to be very strong in us if we are familiar
(however unconsciously) with linear perspective.
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Left and right dynamics
Any pictorial object looks heavier on the right side of the picture
The observer identifies with the left side.e.g. Importance of left side on
the stage
Pictorial movement to the right is perceived easier.
The visual center of any page is just slightly above and to the right of the
actual (mathematical) center. This tends to be the natural placement of
visual focus, and is also sometimes referred to as museum height.
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The classical Greek temple uses many optical corrections to
create the illusion of a perfect form.
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http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.ht
m
Note: The material from these websites is used in this presentation
http://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentation
http://www.interaction-
design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.html
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/lectures.html
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10
220/visper01.html
Reading for quiz tomorrow
http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htmhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/lectures.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/lectures.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htm -
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Blocks
Perceptual
Emotional
Associational
Cultural
Professional
Intellectual
Environmental
We all experience the above blocks
Quiz 1. marks 3%
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Quiz 1. marks 3%
1. Please define & explain the following laws of visual perception
( 20 marks)
1. Law of proximity
2. Law of similarity
3. Law of closure
4. Law of Pragnanz (good form)
5. Law of continuity6. Law of common fate
7. Law of figure & ground
8. Law of past experience
9. Right left dynamics
10. Optical illusion
2. write a short note on visual perception (10 marks)
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Composition
Line
Shape and Form
Space
Color
Texture
Elements of Design
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CompositionThe arrangement and order determined by the artist.
Composition creates a hierarchy within the work, which tells the viewer
the relative importance of the imagery and elements included.
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Symmetrical compositions
Convey a sense of stability
vertical line bisecting the image
would create two equal halves that
are mirror images of one another.
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Asymmetrical compositions
Convey a sense of movement since the elements of the composition are
unbalanced.
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LineA line is an identifiable path created by a point moving in space.
It is one-dimensional and can vary in width, direction, and length.
Lines often define the edges of a form.
Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, straight or curved, thick or thin.
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Horizontal lines suggest a feeling of rest or repose because objects parallel to the earth
are at rest. In this landscape, horizontal lines also help give a sense of space. They also
imply continuation of the landscape beyond the picture plane to the left and right.
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Vertical lines often communicate a sense of height because they are perpendicular to
the earth, extending upwards toward the sky.
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Diagonal lines convey a
feeling of movement.
Objects in a diagonal
position are unstable.
Because they are neithervertical nor horizontal,
they are either about to
fall or are already in
motion.
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The curve of a line can convey energy. Soft, shallow curves recall the curves of the
human body and often have a pleasing, sensual quality and a softening effect on the
composition.
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Shape and formShape and form define objects in
space.
Shapes have two dimensionsheight and widthand are usually
defined by lines.
Forms exist in three dimensions,
with height, width, and depth.
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Organic shapes and forms are typically irregular or asymmetrical.
Organic shapes are often found in nature, but man-made shapes can
also imitate organic forms.
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SpaceReal space is three-
dimensional. Space in a work
of art refers to a feeling of
depth or three dimensions. It
can also refer to the artist's
use of the area within the
picture plane. The area around
the primary objects in a work
of art is known as negative
space, while the spaceoccupied by the primary
objects is known as positive
space.
Positive and negative spaceThe relationship of positive to negative space can greatly affect the impact of a work of art. In
this drawing, the man and his shadow occupy the positive space, while the white space
surrounding him is the negative space. The disproportionate amount of negative space
accentuates the figure's vulnerability and isolation.
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Three-dimensional spaceThe perfect illusion of three-dimensional space in a two-dimensional work of
art is something that many artists labored to achieve. The illusion of space is
achieved through perspective drawing techniques and shading .
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Linear Perspective
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Empirical Perspective in
Mughal Miniature
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"I felt dissatisfied withtraditional perspective.
Merely a mechanical
process, this perspective
never conveys things in
full. It starts from one
viewpoint and never
gets away from it. [] It
is as though someone
were to draw profiles all
his life, leading people
to think that a man hadonly one eye." (Braque)
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ColorLight reflected off objects. red, green, blue, etc.
Value describes the brightness of color. Artists use color value to create different moods. Darkcolors in a composition suggest a lack of light, as in a night or interior scene. Dark colors can often
convey a sense of mystery or foreboding.
Intensitydescribes the purity or strength of a color. Bright colors are undiluted and are often
associated with positive energy and heightened emotions. Dull colors have been diluted by
mixing with other colors and create a sedate or serious mood.
Color
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Color
Light reflected off objects. Color has three main characteristics:
hue (red, green, blue, etc.), value(how light or dark it is), and
intensity (how bright or dull it is). Colors can be described as
warm (red, yellow) or cool (blue, gray), depending on which
end of the color spectrum they fall.
Value describes the brightness of color. Artists use color value to create
different moods. Dark colors in a composition suggest a lack of light, as
in a night or interior scene. Dark colors can often convey a sense of
mystery or foreboding.
Intensity describes the purity or strength of a color. Bright colors areundiluted and are often associated with positive energy and
heightened emotions. Dull colors have been diluted by mixing with
other colors and create a sedate or serious mood.
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Texture
The surface quality of
an object that we
sense through touch.
All objects have a
physical texture.
Artists can also
convey texture
visually in two
dimensions.
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Texture
In a two-dimensional work of art, texture gives a visual sense of how an
object depicted would feel in real life if touched: hard, soft, rough, smooth,
hairy, leathery, sharp, etc. In three-dimensional works, artists use actual
texture to add a tactile quality to the work.
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Grading:
Attendance 10%Quiz 10% (2%x5)
Research Presentations 20% (10% & 10%)Mid term exam 20%Final exam 40%
Instructor: Shahid MirzaCell# 0300-4712622
Contact: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]