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Gestalt laws of organization describes how we organize informations

CLOSURE closd picture

PROXIMITY close together and grouped together

SIMILARITY grouped together

SIMPLICITY perceive in the most basic manner

TOP DOWN PROCESSING perception based on experience, expectations and

motivations

BOTTOM UP PROCESSING processing information from individual

components

BINOCULAR DISPARITY difference in the image seen by the left and right

eye

MOTION PARALLAX change in the position of an object caused by

movement of body

TEXURE GRADIENT- things that are far are less distinct

SLEEP AND DREAMS

Stage 1 still photos; not yet dreaming (ALPHA)

Stage 2 difficult to wake

- SLEEP SPINDLES- Regular wave pattern

Stage 3 brain waves become slower (DELTA)

Stage 4 slower and less responsible to outside stimulation (DELTA)

RAPID EYE MOVEMENT increase HR, BP, BR, erections, eye movement and

dreamsUNCONSCIOUS WISH FULFILMENT THEORY dreams represents dreams

LATENT CONTENT OF DREAMS wishes

MANIFEST CONTENT OF DREAMS story line of dreams

DREAMS FOR SURVIVAL THEORY - dreams are abt experiences and daily

lives

ACTIVATION SYNTHESIS THEORY access to our memories

INSOMNIA difficulty in sleeping

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME infants die while sleeping

NIGHT TERRORS- awakening from non REM sleep with fear and terror

NARCOLEPSY uncontrollable sleeping while doing an activity

CIRCADIAN RHYTHM biological process that occur in a 24 hour cycle

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DRUG USE

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS influence a persons behavior

STIMULANTS- has an effect in CNS (caffeine, cocaines, amphetamines)

DEPRESSANTS slows down nervous system (alcohol)

NARCOTICS- increased relaxation

HALLUCINOGENS produce hallucination

LEARNING change in behavior brought about by experience

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING neutral stimulus respond after being paired with

another stimulus

NEUTRAL STIMULUS does not bring a response

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS bring a response without having been learned

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE response without training

CONDITIONED STIMULUS stimulus that brings a response when being paired with

unconditioned stimulus

CONDITIONED RESPONSE a response that follows a previous responseEXTINCTION conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually

disappears

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY reemergence of extinguished response after a period

of rest

STIMULUS GENERALIZATION The more similar the two stimuli are, the more

likely generalization to occur; response similar to original stimulus

STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION two stimuli are distinct from each other that the can

actually differentiate the two.

OPERANT CONDITIONING learning is strengthened or weakened depending on itsconsequences

REINFORCEMENT process where in a behavior can be repeated

REINFORCER stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior

will occur again

POSITIVE REINFORCER (added) increase preceding response

NEGATIVE REINFORCER (removal) removal leads to a response will be repeated

PUNISHMENT - decrease the probability that a behavior will not repeat again