Contents

[hide] 1 Gerunds in English

o 1.1 Verb patterns with the gerund 1.1.1 Verbs followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive 1.1.2 Gerunds preceded by a genitive

o 1.2 Gerunds and present participles o 1.3 English gerund-like words in other languages

2 The gerund in popular culture 3 See also

4 External links

[edit] Gerunds in English

In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. For example: Editing this article is easy.

In "Editing this article" (although this is traditionally known as a phrase, it is referred to as a non-finite clause in modern linguistics), the word "Editing" behaves as a verb; the phrase "this article" is the object of that verb. "Editing this article" acts as a noun phrase within the sentence as a whole, though; it is the subject of the verb "is."

Other examples of the gerund:

I like swimming. (direct object) Swimming is fun. (subject)

[edit] Verb patterns with the gerund

Verbs that are often followed by a gerund include admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, carry on, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, describe, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, feel, finish, give, hear, imagine, include, justify, listen to, mention, mind, miss, notice, observe, perceive, postpone, practice, quit, recall, report, resent, resume, risk, see, sense, sleep, stop, suggest, tolerate and watch. Additionally, prepositions are often followed by a gerund.

For example:

I quit smoking. We postponed making any decision. After two years of deciding, we finally made a decision.

We heard whispering. They denied having avoided me. He talked me into coming to the party. They frightened her out of voicing her opinion. Kong is fighting for his love to JieJie.

[edit] Verbs followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive

With little change in meaning

begin, continue, start; hate, like, love, prefer

With would, the verbs hate, like, love, and prefer are usually followed by the to-infinitive.

I would like to work there. (more usual than working)

In these examples, if the subject of the verb is not the subject of the second verb, the second verb must be a gerund (instead of an infinitive).

If one is watching sports on television, for example, one can react to the programs only as follows:

I hate boxing. I love swimming. I enjoy golfing.

With a change in meaning

dread and hate:

These two verbs are followed by a to-infinitive when talking subjunctively (usually when using to think), but by a gerund when talking about general dislikes.

I dread / hate to think what she will do. I dread / hate seeing him.

forget and remember:

When these have meanings that are used to talk about the future from the given time, the to-infinitive is used, but when looking back in time, the gerund.

She forgot to tell me our plans. (She did not tell me, although she should have.) She forgot telling me our plans. (She told me, but then forgot having done so.) I remembered to go to work. (I remembered that I needed to go to work, and so I

did.) I remembered going to work. (I remembered that I had gone to work.)

cannot bear:

I cannot bear to see you suffer like this. (You are suffering now.) I cannot bear being pushed around in crowds. (I never like that.)

go on:

After winning the semi-finals, he went on to play in the finals. (He completed the semi-finals and later played in the finals.)

He went on giggling, not having noticed the teacher enter. (He continued doing so.)

mean:

I did not mean to scare you off. (I did not intend to scare you off.) Taking a new job in the city meant leaving behind her familiar surroundings. (If

she took the job, she would have to leave behind her familiar surroundings.)

advise, recommend and forbid:

These are followed by a to-infinitive when there is an object as well, but by a gerund otherwise.

The police advised us not to enter the building, for a murder had occurred. (Us is the object of advised.)

The police advised against our entering the building. (Our is used for the gerund entering.)

consider, contemplate and recommend:

These verbs are followed by a to-infinitive only in the passive or with an object pronoun.

People consider her to be the best. – She is considered to be the best. I am considering sleeping over, if you do not mind.

regret:

We regret to inform you that you have failed your exam. (polite or formal form of apology)

I very much regret saying what I said. (I wish that I had not said that.)

try:

When a to-infinitive is used, the subject is shown to make an effort at something, attempt or endeavor to do something. If a gerund is used, the subject is shown to attempt to do something in testing to see what might happen.

Please try to remember to post my letter. I have tried being stern, but to no avail.

[edit] Gerunds preceded by a genitive

Because of its noun properties, the genitive (possessive case) is preferred for a noun or pronoun preceding a gerund.

We enjoyed their [genitive] singing.

This usage is preferred in formal writing. The objective case is often used in place of the possessive, especially in casual situations:

I do not see it making any difference.

In some cases, either the possessive or the objective case may be logical:

The teacher's shouting startled the student. (Shouting is a gerund, and teacher's is a possessive pronoun. The shouting is the subject of the sentence.)

The teacher shouting startled the student. (Shouting is a participle describing the teacher. This sentence means The teacher who was shouting startled the student. In this sentence, the subject is the teacher herself.)

Either of these sentences could mean that the student was startled because the teacher was shouting.

Using the objective case can be awkward if the gerund is singular but the other noun is plural. It can look like a problem with subject-verb agreement:

The politicians' debating was interesting.

One might decide to make to be plural so that debating can be a participle.

The politicians debating were interesting.

Terjemahan :

Isi

[hide] 1 Gerunds in English 1 Gerunds di Inggris

o 1.1 Verb patterns with the gerund 1,1 Verb dengan pola gerund 1.1.1 Verbs followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive 1.1.1 verbs

diikuti oleh gerund atau ke-infinitif 1.1.2 Gerunds preceded by a genitive 1.1.2 Gerunds diawali oleh

sebuah genitif o 1.2 Gerunds and present participles 1,2 Gerunds dan hadir participles o 1.3 English gerund-like words in other languages 1,3 Inggris gerund seperti

kata-kata dalam bahasa lain 2 The gerund in popular culture 2 gerund dalam budaya populer 3 See also 3 Lihat juga

4 External links 4 Pranala luar

[ edit ] Gerunds in English [Sunting] Gerunds di Inggris

In English, the gerund is identical in form to the present participle (ending in -ing ) and can behave as a verb within a clause (so that it may be modified by an adverb or have an object ), but the clause as a whole (sometimes consisting of only one word, the gerund itself) acts as a noun within the larger sentence. Dalam bahasa Inggris, yang identik gerund dalam bentuk hingga saat ini partisip (berakhir di-ing) dan dapat bertindak sebagai kata kerja dalam ayat (sehingga dapat dimodifikasi oleh sebuah kata atau memiliki objek), tetapi ayat secara keseluruhan (kadang-kadang hanya terdiri dari satu kata, maka dengan sendirinya gerund) bertindak sebagai kata benda dalam kalimat yang lebih besar. For example: Editing this article is easy. Sebagai contoh: Menyunting artikel ini sangat mudah.

In "Editing this article" (although this is traditionally known as a phrase , it is referred to as a non-finite clause in modern linguistics ), the word "Editing" behaves as a verb; the phrase "this article" is the object of that verb. Dalam "Mengedit artikel ini" (walaupun ini secara tradisional dikenal sebagai sebuah frase, maka disebut sebagai non-ayat terbatas modern linguistik), kata "Edit" behaves sebagai kata kerja; kalimat "artikel ini" adalah objek itu kata kerja. "Editing this article" acts as a noun phrase within the sentence as a whole, though; it is the subject of the verb "is." "Mengedit artikel ini" berfungsi sebagai kata benda frase dalam kalimat secara keseluruhan, meskipun karena merupakan subjek dari kata kerja "itu."

Other examples of the gerund: Contoh lain dari gerund:

I like swimming . (direct object) Saya suka berenang. (Direct object) Swimming is fun. ( subject ) Kolam sangat menyenangkan. (Tunduk)

[ edit ] Verb patterns with the gerund [Edit] Verb dengan pola gerund

Verbs that are often followed by a gerund include admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, carry on, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, describe, detest, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, feel, finish, give, hear, imagine, include, justify, listen to, mention, mind, miss, notice, observe, perceive, postpone, practice, quit, recall, report, resent, resume, risk, see, sense, sleep, stop, suggest, tolerate and watch . Verbs yang sering diikuti oleh gerund termasuk admit, adore, anticipate, appreciate, menghindari, melakukan, mempertimbangkan, merenungkan, menunda, menolak, menjelaskan, benci, benci, enjoy, escape, fancy, merasa, selesai, berikan, mendengar, bayangkan, termasuk, membenarkan, mendengarkan, menyebutkan, pikiran, miss, melihat, mengamati, memandang, memperlamakan, prakteknya, keluar, ingat, laporan, menyebalkan, melanjutkan, risiko, lihat, rasa, tidur, menghentikan, menyarankan, toleransi dan menonton . Additionally, prepositions are often followed by a gerund. Selain itu, Prepositions sering diikuti oleh gerund.

For example: Sebagai contoh:

I quit smoking. Saya berhenti merokok. We postponed making any decision. Kami membuat keputusan ditunda. After two years of deciding, we finally made a decision. Setelah dua tahun

memutuskan, akhirnya kami membuat keputusan. We heard whispering. Kami mendengar desas-desus. They denied having avoided me. Mereka menolak saya memiliki dihindari. He talked me into coming to the party. Dia berbicara ke saya datang ke pesta. They frightened her out of voicing her opinion. Mereka takut dia dari voicing her

opinion. Kong is fighting for his love to JieJie. Kong berjuang untuk cinta ke JieJie.

[ edit ] Verbs followed by a gerund or a to-infinitive [Sunting] verbs diikuti oleh gerund atau ke-infinitif

With little change in meaning Dengan sedikit perubahan yang berarti

begin, continue, start; hate, like, love, prefer memulai, melanjutkan, mulai; benci, suka, cinta, lebih memilih

With would , the verbs hate, like, love , and prefer are usually followed by the to - infinitive . Dengan akan, verbs yang benci, suka, cinta, dan lebih memilih biasanya diikuti dengan ke - infinitif.

I would like to work there. (more usual than working ) Saya ingin bekerja di sana. (Lebih dari biasa bekerja)

In these examples, if the subject of the verb is not the subject of the second verb, the second verb must be a gerund (instead of an infinitive). Dalam contoh ini, jika subjeknya adalah kata kerja yang tidak subjek kedua kata kerja, kata kerja yang kedua harus gerund (bukan sebuah infinitif).

If one is watching sports on television, for example, one can react to the programs only as follows: Jika ada yang menonton olahraga di televisi, misalnya, dapat bereaksi terhadap program-program hanya sebagai berikut:

I hate boxing. I hate tinju. I love swimming. I love kolam. I enjoy golfing. Saya menikmati bermain golf.

With a change in meaning Dengan perubahan yang berarti

dread and hate : rasa takut dan benci:

These two verbs are followed by a to -infinitive when talking subjunctively (usually when using to think ), but by a gerund when talking about general dislikes. Kedua verbs yang diikuti oleh ke-infinitif ketika berbicara subjunctively (biasanya bila menggunakan berpikir), tetapi oleh gerund ketika berbicara tentang umum dislikes.

I dread / hate to think what she will do. Saya rasa takut / benci untuk berpikir apa yang akan dia lakukan.

I dread / hate seeing him. Saya rasa takut / benci melihat dia.

forget and remember : lupa dan ingat:

When these have meanings that are used to talk about the future from the given time, the to -infinitive is used, but when looking back in time, the gerund. Saat ini memiliki arti yang digunakan untuk berbicara tentang masa depan dari waktu yang diberikan, yang ke-infinitif digunakan, tetapi ketika melihat ke masa lalu, yang gerund.

She forgot to tell me our plans. (She did not tell me, although she should have.) Dia lupa kirim ke saya rencana kami. (Dia tidak kirim saya, walaupun ia harus miliki.)

She forgot telling me our plans. (She told me, but then forgot having done so.) Dia lupa saya rencana kami. (Dia mengatakan kepada saya, tetapi kemudian lupa yang melakukannya.)

I remembered to go to work. (I remembered that I needed to go to work, and so I did.) Aku ingat pergi ke tempat kerja. (Saya ingat bahwa saya harus pergi untuk bekerja, maka saya lakukan.)

I remembered going to work. (I remembered that I had gone to work.) Aku ingat pergi ke tempat kerja. (Saya ingat bahwa saya telah pergi untuk bekerja.)

cannot bear : tidak dapat melahirkan:

I cannot bear to see you suffer like this. (You are suffering now.) Saya tidak dapat melihat Anda untuk menanggung derita seperti ini. (Anda menderita sekarang.)

I cannot bear being pushed around in crowds. (I never like that.) I can't bear yang mendorong di dalam kelompok. (Saya tidak pernah seperti itu.)

go on : lanjut mengenai:

After winning the semi-finals, he went on to play in the finals. (He completed the semi-finals and later played in the finals.) Setelah menang di semi final, ia pergi untuk bermain di final. (Dia selesai semi-final dan kemudian diputar di final.)

He went on giggling, not having noticed the teacher enter. (He continued doing so.) Ia pergi pada giggling, tidak memperhatikan guru yang masuk. (Dia terus melakukan hal tersebut.)

mean : berarti:

I did not mean to scare you off. (I did not intend to scare you off.) I didn't mean to scare you off. (Saya tidak bermaksud untuk menakuti Anda tidak aktif.)

Taking a new job in the city meant leaving behind her familiar surroundings. (If she took the job, she would have to leave behind her familiar surroundings.) Mengambil pekerjaan baru di kota berarti meninggalkan di belakang dia akrab lingkungan. (Jika ia mengambil pekerjaan, dia harus meninggalkan dia akrab lingkungan.)

advise, recommend and forbid : menasihati, menganjurkan dan melarang:

These are followed by a to -infinitive when there is an object as well, but by a gerund otherwise. Inilah yang diikuti oleh ke-infinitif bila ada obyek juga, tetapi oleh gerund sebaliknya.

The police advised us not to enter the building, for a murder had occurred. ( Us is the object of advised .) Polisi kita tidak disarankan untuk memasuki bangunan, untuk pembunuhan itu terjadi. (Kami adalah objek disarankan.)

The police advised against our entering the building. ( Our is used for the gerund entering .) Polisi terhadap kami disarankan masuk ke dalam gedung. (Kami akan digunakan untuk memasukkan gerund.)

consider, contemplate and recommend : mempertimbangkan, merenungkan dan merekomendasikan:

These verbs are followed by a to -infinitive only in the passive or with an object pronoun. Verbs ini akan diikuti oleh ke-infinitif hanya di pasif atau dengan kata ganti obyek.

People consider her to be the best. – She is considered to be the best. Orang menganggap dia menjadi yang terbaik. - Dia dianggap sebagai yang terbaik.

I am considering sleeping over, if you do not mind. Aku mempertimbangkan tidur atas, jika Anda tidak keberatan.

regret : regret:

We regret to inform you that you have failed your exam. (polite or formal form of apology ) Kami menyesal memberitahukan Anda bahwa Anda telah gagal ujian Anda. (Polite formal atau bentuk maaf)

I very much regret saying what I said. (I wish that I had not said that.) Saya sangat menyesal apa yang saya katakan itu. (Semoga aku tidak mengatakan bahwa.)

try : coba:

When a to -infinitive is used, the subject is shown to make an effort at something, attempt or endeavor to do something. Bila ke-infinitif digunakan, subjek akan muncul untuk membuat sebuah usaha pada sesuatu, atau mencoba berusaha untuk melakukan sesuatu. If a gerund is used, the subject is shown to attempt to do something in testing to see what might happen. Jika gerund digunakan, subjek akan muncul untuk mencoba untuk melakukan sesuatu di tes untuk melihat apa yang mungkin terjadi.

Please try to remember to post my letter. Coba ingat untuk mengirim surat saya. I have tried being stern, but to no avail. Saya telah mencoba yang keras, tapi

tidak dapat.

[ edit ] Gerunds preceded by a genitive [Sunting] Gerunds diawali oleh sebuah genitif

Because of its noun properties, the genitive (possessive case) is preferred for a noun or pronoun preceding a gerund. Karena kata benda properti, yang genitif (kasus kepunyaan) adalah pilihan untuk kata benda atau kata ganti yang sebelumnya gerund.

We enjoyed their [genitive] singing. Kami dinikmati mereka [genitif] bernyanyi.

This usage is preferred in formal writing. Ini adalah pilihan dalam penggunaan resmi tertulis. The objective case is often used in place of the possessive, especially in casual situations: Tujuannya adalah kasus sering digunakan di tempat yang memiliki, terutama dalam situasi kasual:

I do not see it making any difference. Saya tidak melihatnya membuat perbedaan.

In some cases, either the possessive or the objective case may be logical: Dalam beberapa kasus, baik yang memiliki tujuan atau kasus mungkin logis:

The teacher's shouting startled the student. ( Shouting is a gerund, and teacher's is a possessive pronoun. The shouting is the subject of the sentence.) Para guru berteriak tersentak pelajar. (Shouting adalah gerund, dan guru adalah kata ganti kepunyaan. Yang berteriak adalah subyek kalimat.)

The teacher shouting startled the student. ( Shouting is a participle describing the teacher. This sentence means The teacher who was shouting startled the student. In this sentence, the subject is the teacher herself.) Guru berteriak tersentak

pelajar. (Shouting adalah partisip menjelaskan guru. Kalimat ini berarti Guru yang berteriak tersentak siswa. Dalam kalimat ini, subjek guru sendiri.)

Either of these sentences could mean that the student was startled because the teacher was shouting. Salah satu dari kalimat ini dapat berarti bahwa siswa tersebut tersentak karena guru itu berteriak.

Using the objective case can be awkward if the gerund is singular but the other noun is plural. Menggunakan kasus obyektif dapat aneh jika gerund adalah tunggal, tetapi yang lain adalah kata benda jamak. It can look like a problem with subject-verb agreement: Ini dapat terlihat seperti masalah dengan subject-verb perjanjian:

The politicians' debating was interesting. Para politisi 'telah menarik diperdebatkan.

One might decide to make to be plural so that debating can be a participle. Satu mungkin memutuskan untuk membuat menjadi jamak diperdebatkan sehingga dapat menjadi participle.

The politicians debating were interesting. Para politisi yang menarik diperdebatkan.

The Gerund

Recognize a gerund when you see one.

Every gerund, without exception, ends in ing. Gerunds are not, however, all that easy to identify. The problem is that all present participles also end in ing. What is the difference?

Gerunds function as nouns. Thus, gerunds will be subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions.

Present participles, on the other hand, complete progressive verbs or act as modifiers.

Read these examples of gerunds:

Since Francisco was five years old, swimming has been his passion.

Swimming = subject of the verb has been.

Francisco's first love is swimming.

Swimming = subject complement of the verb is.

Francisco enjoys swimming more than spending time with his girlfriend Diana.

Swimming = direct object of the verb enjoys.

Francisco gives swimming all of his energy and time.

Swimming = indirect object of the verb gives.

When Francisco wore dive fins to class, everyone knew that he was devoted to swimming.

Swimming = object of the preposition to.

These ing words are examples of present participles:

One day last summer, Francisco and his coach were swimming at Daytona Beach.

Swimming = present participle completing the past progressive verb were swimming.

A great white shark ate Francisco's swimming coach.

Swimming = present participle modifying coach.

Now Francisco practices his sport in safe swimming pools.

Swimming = present participle modifying pools.

- Kata Kerja Gerund

Kata kerja gerund merupakan sekelompok kata kerja yang apabila diikuti oleh kata kerja lain, maka kata kerja lain tersebut harus ditambahkan akhiran “ing”.Contoh sederhananya: stop,–termasuk kelompok kata kerja gerund, maka setiap kita membuat kalimat yang terdapat dua kata kerja dan kata kerja yang pertama tersebut adalah stop, maka kata kerja setelah stop harus diberi akhiran “ing”. Akhiran ing disini bukanlah bentuk ing form—sedang melakukan ( ingat! Ini berbeda )You stop smoking.Kamu berhenti merokok.Dua kata kerja kalimat di atas adalah : stop dan smokekarena stop posisinya di depan smoke, maka smoke diberi akhiran “ing” sehingga menjadi “smoking”Mari kita hafal kelompok kata kerja gerund di bawah ini :StopFinishDelayEnjoyMindSuggestFancyImagineRegretAdmitDenyAvoidConsiderInvolvePracticeMissPostponeRiskGive upGo onPut offCarry onKeep on

What is the difference between gerund and present participle?Both are the verb form ending in ING. The difference is that gerunds are nouns and participles are adjectives.

Example: SWIMMING is fun. Swimming is used as a noun, subject of the verb is. (gerund)

Example: I love swimming. Swimming is a noun used as direct object of the verb like. (gerund)

Example: I think I will give swimming a try. Swimming is a noun used as indirect object of the verb will give. (gerund)

Example: The ducks swimming in the lake were all females. Swimming is an adjective modifying ducks. (participle)

Example: The swimming instructor was an excellent teacher. Swimming is an adjective modifying instructor. (participle)

Example: Drew is just a swimming machine. Swimming is an adjective modifying machine. (participle)

Gerunds (-ing)

When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. It is important to understand that they are not the same.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun, it is usually a gerund:

Fishing is fun.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective, it is usually a present participle:

Anthony is fishing. I have a boring teacher.

In this lesson, we look at the different ways in which we use gerunds, followed by a quiz to check your understanding:

Gerunds (-ing)

When a verb ends in -ing, it may be a gerund or a present participle. Bila suatu kata kerja berakhir-ing, mungkin sebuah gerund atau kata kerja bentuk. It is important to understand that they are not the same. Penting untuk memahami bahwa mereka tidak sama.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a noun , it is usually a gerund: Ketika kita menggunakan kata kerja dalam bentuk-ing lebih seperti kata benda, biasanya sebuah gerund:

Fishing is fun. Ikan sangat menyenangkan.

When we use a verb in -ing form more like a verb or an adjective , it is usually a present participle: Ketika kita menggunakan kata kerja dalam bentuk-ing lebih seperti kata kerja atau kata sifat, biasanya yang hadir partisip:

Anthony is fishing . Anthony adalah memancing. I have a boring teacher. I have a boring guru.

Gerunds are sometimes called "verbal nouns".

Gerunds are sometimes called "verbal nouns". Gerunds kadang-kadang disebut "verbal nouns".

In this lesson, we look at the different ways in which we use gerunds, followed by a quiz to check your understanding: Dalam pelajaran ini, kita melihat berbagai cara yang kami gunakan gerunds, diikuti oleh sebuah kuis untuk memeriksa Anda:

Gerunds as Subject, Object or Complement

Try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form.

Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence:

Smoking costs a lot of money. I don't like writing. My favourite occupation is reading.

But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. In this case, the whole expression [gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence.

Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money. I don't like writing letters. My favourite occupation is reading detective stories.

Like nouns, we can use gerunds with adjectives (including articles and other determiners):

pointless questioning a settling of debts the making of Titanic his drinking of alcohol

But when we use a gerund with an article, it does not usually take a direct object:

a settling of debts (not a settling debts) Making "Titanic" was expensive. The making of "Titanic" was expensive.

Gerunds sebagai subjek, melengkapi atau Objek

Try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form. Mencoba untuk berpikir dari gerunds sebagai verbs dalam bentuk noun.

Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence: Seperti nouns, gerunds dapat menjadi subyek, obyek atau pelengkap dari kalimat:

Smoking costs a lot of money. Merokok biaya banyak uang. I don't like writing . Saya tidak suka menulis. My favourite occupation is reading . Favorit saya adalah pekerjaan membaca.

But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. Namun, seperti kata kerja, yang juga dapat gerund obyek itu sendiri. In this case, the whole expression [gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence. Dalam hal ini, seluruh ekspresi [+ gerund objek] dapat menjadi subyek, obyek atau pelengkap dari kalimat.

Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money. Merokok rokok biaya banyak uang. I don't like writing letters . Saya tidak suka menulis surat. My favourite occupation is reading detective stories . Favorit saya adalah

pekerjaan membaca cerita detektif.

Like nouns, we can use gerunds with adjectives (including articles and other determiners): Nouns seperti ini, kita gunakan dengan gerunds Adjectives (termasuk artikel dan lainnya determiners):

pointless questioning pointless pertanyaan a settling of debts yang menetap dari hutang the making of Titanic pembuatan Titanic his drinking of alcohol ia minum alkohol

But when we use a gerund with an article, it does not usually take a direct object: Tetapi apabila kita menggunakan gerund dengan artikel, ia biasanya tidak langsung mengambil objek:

a settling of debts ( not a settling debts) yang menetap dari hutang (bukan penyelesaian utang)

Making "Titanic" was expensive. Membuat "Titanic" yang mahal. The making of "Titanic" was expensive. Pembuatan "Titanic" yang mahal.

Ini adalah aturan. It has no exceptions! It has no exceptions!

If we want to use a verb after a preposition, it must be a gerund. Jika kita ingin menggunakan sebuah kata kerja setelah kata, ia harus menjadi gerund. It is impossible to use an infinitive after a preposition. Adalah mustahil untuk menggunakan infinitif setelah preposisi. So for example, we say: Jadi, misalnya, kami berkata:

I will call you after arriving at the office. Saya akan menghubungi Anda setelah tiba di kantor.

Please have a drink before leaving . Harap ada minum sebelum berangkat. I am looking forward to meeting you. I am looking forward to meeting you. Do you object to working late? Apakah Anda keberatan bekerja terlambat? Tara always dreams about going on holiday. Tara selalu mimpi tentang pergi

berlibur.

Notice that you could replace all the above gerunds with "real" nouns: Perhatikan bahwa Anda dapat mengganti semua di atas gerunds dengan "real" nouns:

I will call you after my arrival at the office. Saya akan menghubungi Anda setelah saya tiba di kantor.

Please have a drink before your departure. Harap memiliki minuman sebelum keberangkatan.

I am looking forward to our lunch. Saya cari maju ke kami makan siang. Do you object to this job? Apakah Anda keberatan pekerjaan ini? Tara always dreams about holidays. Tara selalu mimpi tentang hari libur.

Beberapa setelah Gerunds verbs

We sometimes use one verb after another verb. Kita kadang-kadang menggunakan satu kata kerja yang lain setelah kata kerja. Often the second verb is in the infinitive form, for example: Sering yang kedua adalah kata kerja infinitif dalam bentuk, misalnya:

I want to eat . Saya mau makan.

But sometimes the second verb must be in gerund form, for example: Tetapi kadang-kadang kedua kata kerja harus dalam bentuk gerund, misalnya:

I dislike eating . Saya tidak suka makan.

This depends on the first verb . Hal ini tergantung pada kata kerja. Here is a list of verbs that are usually followed by a verb in gerund form: Berikut adalah daftar verbs yang biasanya diikuti dengan verb gerund dalam bentuk:

admit, appreciate, avoid, carry on, consider, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, can't help, imagine, involve, leave off, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practise, put off, report, resent, risk, can't stand, suggest, understand mengakui, menghargai, menghindari, melakukan, pertimbangkan, menangguhkan, menunda, menolak, benci, benci, bertahan, menikmati, keluar, alasan, wajah, merasa, selesaikan, memaafkan, menyerah, tidak dapat membantu, bayangkan, melibatkan, berhenti, menyebutkan, pikiran, miss, memperlamakan, berlatih, menangguhkan, laporan, menyebalkan, resiko, tidak dapat berdiri, menyarankan, memahami

Look at these examples: Melihat contoh-contoh ini:

She is considering having a holiday. Dia sedang mempertimbangkan memiliki liburan.

Do you feel like going out? Apakah Anda ingin keluar? I can't help falling in love with you. I can't help falling in love with you. I can't stand not seeing you. I can't stand tidak melihat Anda.

Some verbs can be followed by the gerund form or the infinitive form without a big

change in meaning: begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer, propose, start Beberapa verbs dapat diikuti dengan gerund bentuk atau bentuk infinitif tanpa perubahan besar dalam arti: memulai, melanjutkan, benci, berniat, seperti, kasih, kesukaan, mengemukakan, mulai

I like to play tennis. Saya suka bermain tenis.

I like playing tennis. Saya suka bermain tenis.

It started to rain. Ia mulai hujan.

It started raining. Dimulainya raining.

Gerunds di Passive Sense

We often use a gerund after the verbs need, require and want . Kami sering menggunakan gerund setelah verbs perlu, memerlukan dan ingin. In this case, the gerund has a passive sense. Dalam hal ini, pasif gerund memiliki rasa.

I have three shirts that need washing . Saya memiliki tiga kaos yang harus mencuci. (need to be washed) (perlu dicuci)

This letter requires signing . Memerlukan menandatangani surat ini. (needs to be signed) (harus ditandatangani)

The house wants repainting . Rumah ingin repainting. (needs to be repainted) (perlu repainted)