Government at a Glance 2019

Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm

Germany stands out among OECD countries for disclosing all the effects of the budget on the environment

In 2018, 26% of OECD countries published the environmental and climate impact of at least part of their budget. Yet, Germany was the one of only two countries, together with Italy, that disclosed the impact of the implementation of the whole budget on the environment.

Chapter 5. Budgeting practices and procedures

Figure 5.12. Environmental and general well-being considerations published in the budget, 2018Figure 5.13. Process for integrating climate change in the budget, 2018Figure 5.14. Reflection of Sustainable Development Goals in performance budgeting systems, 2018

Germany continues to perform below the OECD average in support to reuse ofopen government data

In 2019, Germany scored 0.20 on a scale from 0 (worst) to 1 (best), in support for data reuse of OURdata Index, compared to an OECD average of 0.52. This is due to lack of efforts to monitor the impact of open government data and of initiatives to promote data use and data literacy. Germany needs to improve its open government data policies in general, since it had a score of 0.50 in the total OURdata Index, in comparison to an OECD average of 0.60.

Chapter 9. Open and digital government

Figure 9.4. Open Useful Re-Usable data (OURdata) Index, 2017 & 2019Figure 9.7. Government support for data re-use, 2017 and 2019

Trust in the national government has increased substantially, with 24 percentage points in Germany from 2007 to 2018

Confidence in the national government has increased from 35% to 59% of the population between 2007 and 2018, according to the Gallup World Poll. In 2007, confidence in the national government in Germany was lower than the OECD average while in 2018 it was above the average (45%) by 14 percentage points.

Chapter 10. Core government results

Figure 10.1. Confidence in national government in 2018 and its change since 2007Figure 10.2. Confidence in national government by age group, 2018

Germany

Fiscal balance*(2017, 2018)

Government expenditures*(2017, 2018)

Government gross debt*(2017, 2018)

% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP

G@G /dataG@G /data

Preparationof

Cabinetmeetings

Responsibility of the Centre of Government

Shared between the Centre of Governmentand another body

Policyco-ordination

Transitionplanning

andmanagement

Responsibility of another body34 0 0

Strategicplanning

Governmentprogramme

Monitoringof

governmentpolicy

Relationswith

parliament

24 10 0 20 13 1 18 12 4 16 15 3 16 18 021 11 1

Germany

Responsibilities of the Centre of Government (2016)

Government investment*(2017, 2018)

How to read the figures:

Germany

Country value in purple

(not represented if not available)

Average of OECD countries

in green

Range of OECD country values in grey

68.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

52.7%Germany

20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

201740.4%

43.9%43.9%20182017

Germany

0% 2% 4% 6% 8%

20173.1%

2.3%2.2%20182017

Germany

72.4%2017

68.3%

100%

0%

2018

110.3%2017

0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%

Germany

Values have beenrounded.

n.a. refers todata not available.

% of GDP

Public Employment

Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) “Women in Politics”, 2019

Source: OECD (2017) Survey on Organisation and functions of the Centre of Government

... in ministerial positions (2019)

Source: OECD* SNA definition, see Notes National Accounts* See Notes Source: OECD National Accounts

Gender equality ...

* See Notes Source: OECD National Accounts * See Notes Source: OECD National Accounts

Public Finance and Economics

Civil servantsas % of all central administration

employees (2018)

Institutions

30.1%30.9%Germany

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

31.2%40.0%Germany

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

... in parliament (2019)

Source: OECD (2019) Survey on Strategic Human Resource Management

General government employmentas % of total employment*

(2017)

17.7%

10.5%Germany

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

* See Notes Source: OECD National Accounts

-10% 0%-5% +5% +10%

-2.2%

Germany

20181.7%1.0%

2017

2017

Budgeting

Composite index from 0 (worst) to 1 (best)

* Average of 17 countries practicing gender budgeting.

Existence of a performance-management

regime forsenior managers

Yes

No

25 11

Performanceagreement

with theMinister(at D1)

Outcomeindicators

Organizationalmanagement

indicators360 degree

appraisal

Performance-related pay

Dismissal forbad

performance

Performance appraisal system which includes:

20 16 15 21 16 20 16 20 9 27 19 17

� �� �

Germany

G@G /data

Source: OECD (2019) Survey on Strategic Human Resources Management (SHRM)

Performance management regime for senior managers(2019)

Human Resource Management

1 - Only applies to those senior managers who are civil servants2 - Only applies to those senior managers who are public employees

Composite indices on regulatory governance for primary laws (2017)*

G@G /data

Regulatory governance

29.1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

35.3%Germany

Source: OECD National Accounts

General governmentprocurement expenditures

(2017)% of government expenditures

* See Notes Source: Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance Surveys (iREG)

Public Procurement

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28 3

5 18 13

5 25 6

5 18 13

5

Germany

Yes No No information

Mechanisms to prevent and manage conflicts of interests among public procurement officials

(2018)

Source: OECD (2018) Survey on the Implementation of the 2015 OECD Recommendations on Public Procurement

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.31

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.53*

Germany

Gender budgeting index(2018)

Source: OECD (2018) Survey on Gender Budgeting

Stakeholderengagement in

developing regulations

1.782.20

Regulatory ImpactAssessment for

developing regulations

2.98

2.24

Ex post evaluationof regulations

2.83

1.75

4

3

2

1

0

Germany

Composite index from 0 (worst) to 4 (best)

Notes Data on Public finance and economics and General government employment, which are based on the System of National Accounts (SNA), were extracted on 24 June 2019. Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt. Regulatory governance indicators: The results for stakeholder engagement and Regulatory Impact Assessment apply exclusively to processes for developing primary laws initiated by the executive. Data is not applicable to the United States, where all primary laws are initiated by Congress. In the majority of countries, most primary laws are initiated by the executive, except for Mexico and Korea, where a higher share of primary laws are initiated by parliament/congress (respectively 90.6% and 84%).

Open Data Serving CitizensSatisfaction and confidence across public services

(2018)OURdata Index:

Open, Useful, Reusable Government Data(2017, 2019)

Composite index from 0 (worst) to 1 (best)

Source: OECD (2017 2019) Survey on Open Government Data

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.41

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.600.50 0.53

Germany

Dataavailability

Dataaccessibility

Governmentsupportto re-use

(2017) (2019) (2019)(2017)

Differences in income inequality pre and post-taxand government transfers

(2016)

Germany

Higherinequality

Lowerinequality

Before After

0.29

taxes and transfers

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Before After

0.47

0.32

taxes and transfers

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6Higher

inequality

Lowerinequality

0.51

Source: OECD Income Distribution Database

Having a say in what the government does (2016)

36.8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

50.4%Germany

Source: European Social Survey

% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction

Source: Gallup World Poll

Core Government ResultsPercentage of individuals economically vulnerable*

(2015)

70%

Judicial system Education system

81%20

40

60

80

100

Health care

66%67%56%71%

National government45%59%

Germany Average

Range

Police77%89%

Source: OECD Wealth Distribution Database

35.7%31.0%

Germany

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

* A person is considered vulnerable when, if income were to stop suddenly, that person would not have enough readily available financial assets to keep living above the poverty line for at least three months.

Government at a Glance 2019Government at a Glance provides reliable, internationally comparative data on government activities and their results in OECD countries. In many public governance areas it is the only available source of data. It includes, input, process, output and outcome indicators as well as contextual information for each country. Input indicators are on public finance and employment; while processes in the 2019 edition include data on institutions, budgeting practices and procedures, human resources management, regulatory government, public procurement and digital government and open data. Outcomes cover core government results (e.g. trust, inequality reduction) and indicators on access, responsiveness, quality and citizen satisfaction for the education, health and justice sectors. Governance indicators are needed more than ever, given large number of OECD principles and recommendations that countries signed up to adhere to need regular monitoring; their relationship to Sustainable Development Goals and the unique position of the OECD in collecting vital information on public governance practices from government officials.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2019-en

The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2019 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:

For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm