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Germany
Transcript of Germany
member of
International Symposium on Regional
Commuter Railways
Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
July 1st 2009
“Creating World Class Regional
Commuter Railway Systems in Taiwan
Lessons From Hamburg - Germany”
Karl H. Hoeffler Dipl.-Ing, M.Sc., Reg. Baumeister
2member of GROUP
General Background of Railway Transportation and
Regional Commuter Railways in Germany
Long distance railway is mainly Deutsche Bahn D B business
(120 Mio pass/year)
Market for Regional Commuter Railway is more and more open for
competition, but share of „private“ operators is still less 10%
– DB Nahverkehr Commuter Rail
1,100 Mio. passenger/year, 33.809 Millionen Personenkilometer
turnover 2007: 6.532 Mio €, therof 4.147 Public Service subsidies
– VEOLIA Group
– ARRIVA Group
– HOCHBAHN Gruppe (BENEX)
Commuter railway services in Germany are
understood as a public service obligation
3member of GROUP
Hamburger Hochbahn Group
established in 1911 by SIEMENS and AEG
public limited company 100% owned by State of Hamburg
4,400 staff
393 Mill. passengers/year
14 subsidiaries
Metro Bus
204 millionPassengers / year.189 million
46 millionCar-km / year75 million
726Cars / Buses214
1.303Stations / Stops89
1.303 kmnetwork101 km
4member of GROUP
Hamburger Hochbahn: BeNEX manages Commuter
Railway activities outside Hamburg
BeNEX takes care for all public transport operations outside of the state of Hamburg.
is bidding for commuter railway tenders alone or in joint ventures
Acquires established transport operating companies
BENEX long term goal10 % market share of Germancommuter railway services
ShareholderHOCHBAHN 51%Int‘l Public Partnerships (49%)
5member of GROUP
Hamburg, the Metropolitan Region in the North of Germany
Population
Germany: 82.1 Mio
Hamburg: 1,77 Mio
Metropolitan Region: 4,29 Mio
Key figures
HVV service area: 8,700 km2
Hamburg: 755 km2
6member of GROUP
Mass Transit Service Networks in the Hamburg
Metropolitan Region
Railbound public
transport:
• 3 metro lines
(HOCHBAHN)
• 6 suburban railway
lines (S-Bahn, DB)
• 12 regional railway
lines (DB,
metronom, AKN)
Other public
transport:
• 408 bus lines
(different
operators)
• 6 harbour ferries
(Hadag)
7member of GROUP
Service Characteristics
of the Commuter Railway A = AKN Railway
R = Regional Express Rail Line
S = Urban / Suburban Rail
U = Metro(independent from other networks)
Network Lines (No.) Length (Lines) Traction Power
A 3 96,6 km Diesel(and bi-mode railcars)
R 12 988 kmOCS: 15 kV, 16,7 Hz
and Diesel
S 6 186,7 km (*) 1.200 V d.c.(and two system EMUs)
U 3 100,7 km 750 V d.c.750 V d.c.(by third rail)
8member of GROUP
AKN – Railway (Regional Commuter Rail Network)
9member of GROUP
AKN – Railway (Regional Commuter Rail Network)
Track on separated right-of-way
Level crossings
Block signal system with fixed blocks
Traffic control by central electronic signal
box (after former traffic regulation by radio)
10member of GROUP
AKN – Railway (Regional Commuter Rail Network)
Special feature:through trains to Hamburg Central station running on S-Bahn lines(dual mode trains – Diesel and electric, current collection 1.200 V d.c. from 3rd rail)
Diesel & electric hybrid railcar
type VTA (multiple units)
in S-Bahn tunnel Station
11member of GROUP
AKN – Rolling Stock
DMU units type VT 2E
(Alstom Germany)
Hybrid-railcars type VTA
(Diesel & electric)
Type VT 2E VTA
Year of
construction1976-77 1993
Length
(o.c.)30,13 m 32,62 m
Tare weight 51,9 t 55,4 t
Power 2 x 242 kW 485 kW
Powered by DieselDiesel & electric
(3rd rail)
Multiple
unitsup to 4 up to 4
Max. speed 88 km/h 105 km/h
Seats 88 96
Standees 152 150
12member of GROUP
Connection between AKN and Metro – common station
13member of GROUP
Diesel-Hybrid Railcar in Hamburg Main Station
Operation on third rail (1.200 V d.c.)
14member of GROUP
Regional Commuter Trains
Infrastructure Characteristics
Operation on railway main line tracks
and regional secondary feeder lines– 7 Commuter Lines on main line tracks
– 5 local feeder lines
Track infrastructure:– Main Line: 2 up to 4 tracks (section-wise)
– Local feeder lines: single track secondary lines
Sharing of main line tracks with– High speed trains (ICE, vmax = 200 km/h)
– Intercity (vmax = 200 km/h)
– Cargo trains
Maximum speed of Regional Express Trains
– Locomotive operated double deck trains: 160 km/h
– DMUs on secondary lines: 120 km/h
Power supply
– 15.000 V, 16 2/3 Hz a.c. by catenary (main lines)
– Diesel Operation on local feeder lines
15member of GROUP
Regional Commuter Trains
Service Peak hour service Off-peak hour Nights / Weekends
ME60‘
(+ single additional trains)60‘ 60‘
MEr 30‘ 60‘ 60‘
DB-RE 30‘ 60‘ 60‘
DB-RB 15‘ 30‘ 30‘
Service Patterns
Express Lines: ME + RE (DB)– Calling only at important stations
– Distances between stations: 15 – 25 km
– 5 / 7 / 8 double deck cars + 1 loco
– Platform length: 220 m – 400 m
Stop Train Lines: MEr + RB (DB)– Calling at all stations
– Distances between stations: 3 - 4 km
– 5 cars / 4 DD cars + 1 loco
– Platform length: min. 167 m
16member of GROUP
Double deck push-pull trains
Definition of Push-pull Train A push-pull train is a train operated in two directions by one single locomotive only.
In one direction the train is hauled or pulled by the locomotive with the driver controlling the train from cab located in the locomotive. In the reverse direction the train is pushed from the same locomotive.
The rear-end car of the train is a non-powered passenger carwith an additional driver’s cab – a so-called control trailer, control cab car or pilot-car. ( TC )
For operating in the reverse direction the driver will change to TC-car and control the train from
the driver’s console located herein.
The locomotive will push the train and will remain unmanned for the run in reverse direction.
LocoControl
Cab car
17member of GROUP
Regional Commuter Trains
Rolling Stock Characteristics
Locomotives
– Electric locomotives (Bombardier Traxx)
Series E 146: 5,6 MW – 84 t
Max. speed: 160 km/h
– RE50: Diesel locomotives (Traxx)
80% same components as E 146
Series V 246: 2,8 MW – 86 t
Max. speed: 160 km/h
Double deck cars
– 2nd class car: 125 seats + 130 standees
– Control cab car: 98 seats + 140 standees
– Tare weight: 56 t – 60 t
– Max. speed: 160 km/h
18member of GROUP
Concept for regional train service
19member of GROUP
20member of GROUP
S-Bahn – Urban & Suburban Rapid Transit Network
Characteristics of S-Bahn Networks
Synchronised Timetables
( regular intervals / short headways )
High platforms & high floor vehicles
( stepless entry / quick boarding & alighting )
High capacity vehicles with large side doors
( quick boarding & alighting )
Usually EMU-type trains with high acceleration
( frequent stops, short distances between stops )
Mostly completely separated tracks,
in urban areas also separate from main line tracks,
no level-crossings
Closely tied networks with
many links to other modes of public transport
High degree of embedding
into Integrated Public Transport Networks
21member of GROUP
S-Bahn – Central Trunk Line Concepts
Trunk Line Concept
Branch Lines from the region
and suburbs are routed on one
or two central trunk lines
through the downtown
Metro operations typically
on separated individual Lines
( Connections only for transfers
to Depots / Workshops )
22member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – Infrastructure Characteristics
4 regular Lines + 2 lines only during peak-hours)
Network Length: 144 km
68 Stations
ROW segregated tracks
Platforms:
– Length: 140 m (minimum – 6-car trains)
– 201 m – 240 m (maximum – 9 cars)
– Platform height: 76 cm + 96 cm
Power supply
– 1.200 V d.c. by third rail
– 15.000 V, 16 2/3 Hz a.c. by catenary
– 31 km extension on main line railway line
Block signal system with fixed blocks
Traffic control by relay & electronic signal boxes
23member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – Rolling Stock (EMU)
Basic units: 3 cars
EMUs – up to 3 units / 9 cars
Type ET 472 (only d.c.)
– 62 3-car units
– All 3 cars / 12 axles powered
Type ET 472
Year of
construction1974-1984
Length (o.c.) 65,82m
Tare weight 114,4 t
Power 1.500 kW
Power supply 3rd rail
Multiple units up to 3
Max. speed88 km/h
Seats 88
Standees 152
24member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – Rolling Stock (EMU)
Type ET 474
– 2/3 cars powered (front &
rear)
– Middle car: Trailer
2 vehicles types
– solely d.c.: 70 units
– dual system: 42 units
(d.c./3rd rail + a.c./catenary)
Type ET 474
Year of
construction
1996 – 2004
2006
Length (o.c.) 66,00 m
Tare weight 94 t (d.c. version)
106 t (bi-mode)
Power 485 kW
Power supply 1.200 V d.c.
15 kV, 16,7 Hz a.c.
Multiple
unitsup to 3
Max. speed 100 km/h
Seats 208
Standees 306
25member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – Service Pattern / Headways
Line Peak hour service Off-peak hour Nights / Weekends
S 1 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S11) 10‘ 20‘
S 2 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S21) - / - - / -
S 3 10‘ / 20‘ (5‘ incl. S 31) 10‘ / 20‘ / 60‘ 10‘ / 30‘ / 60‘
S 11 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S1) - / - - / -
S 21 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S2) 10‘ 20‘
S 31 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S3) 10‘ 20‘
26member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – Dual System EMU type 474 (d.c.+ a.c.)
27member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – EMU type ET 474
28member of GROUP
S-Bahn Hamburg – EMU type ET 474 under catenary
29member of GROUP
Integration of public transportation networks and
services
Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV Hamburg Transit
authority)
the first integrated public transit authority worldwide
founded 1986
intended to stop competition between guided transit
modes and bus lines
intended to offer services following the principle
– one integrated network
– one integrated timetable
– one tariff
30member of GROUP
Modal split
31member of GROUP
Passenger trips acc to tickets sold
32member of GROUP
Hamburg: PT services organised in three tiers
33member of GROUP
The contractual framework
34member of GROUP
OPEX financing approach
35member of GROUP
Sustainable financing for CAPEX and OPEX remains a
challenge for Germany
for new investments and extension in regional railways we estimate 1,7 Bill €/Year
infrastructure of maintenance needs 330 Mill €/year
infrastructure maintenance backlog sums up to 2.4 Bill.€
cost recovery ratio remains under 80%, i.e. the need for public subsidies will not disappear
but without public transit city life would sooner or later collapse
36member of GROUP
Executive Summary
Commuter Railway Services in Germany is understood as a public service obligation
Regional Commuter Railways in Germany is big business with a turnover of more than 7.000 Mio Euro p.a.
Regional Commuter Railways in Hamburg is part of a seamlessly integrated public transit network
Regional Commuter Railway operation has become open for competition, infrastructure remains in hands of DB
the use of existing railway infrastructure has turned out as a good decision to establish a sound and environmental friendly commuter services.
37member of GROUP
With regard to climate change and efficient use of
ressources, PT is indispensable for metropolitan life
- and Hamburg has good marks