Gepulste hoogspanning technieken en toepassingen

Gepulste hoogspanning –

technieken en toepassingen

[email protected]

Electrical Energy Systems- 1 -

- 2 - Electrical Energy Systems

• 26-MA, 100-ns, multi-MV pulses

• 350 TW of radiated power

• 1 shot a day

33 m

• 300 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus

• 45 million develop a foot ulcer, 1 million amputations per year

• Early treatment of patients may prevent 50-80 % of these amputations.

• Faster recovery of ulcerated skin and wounds

• Disinfection of (chronic) wounds

• Stimulates local blood circulation

- 3 -

Example – plasma medicine

Electrical Energy Systems

- 4 -

Some topologies…


- 5 -

Magnetic pulse compression

LV-side

Cpri

Csec,1

D

S

LoadPT

Csec,2

MS

char

ger

HV-side


- 6 -

Linear transformer drivers (LTD’s)


- 7 -

Pulsed power research @ TU/e


- 8 -

Electroporation


- 9 -

Electrochemotherapy



• 2 % of global energy consumption

• 3.2 % of global CO2 emission

• Energy cost 29 GJ/tN

• Only air, water and (renewable) electricity

• Zero-emission of CO2

• Energy cost 20-30 GJ/tN

• Decentral, on-site production

• Crop protection + nutrient

40% of world population has nothing to eat without fertilizer

Plasma source for PAW production

Electrical Energy Systems- 21-

• Dual resonant circuit

• H-bridge to drive it

• MOSFET switches used

• “Lab” prototype built

• Controllability over waveform

• Thermal and non-thermal

plasma possible!

Power modulator for PAW


• Thermal plasma: more RNS generation

– More nitrate and nitrite

– Fertilizer: competitive with Haber-Bosch process

• Non-thermal plasma: more ROS generation

– More peroxide

– Disinfecting properties

Thermal vs. non-thermal plasma

Per

oxide

Nitr

ite

Nitr

ate

pHF

Per

oxide

Nitr

ite

Nitr

ate

pH

0,1

1

10

Range, units:

[g/L

] fo

r nitra

te, [-

] fo

r pH

, [m

g/L

] fo

r oth

ers

Non-thermal plasmaThermal plasma


• “2.000.000 young children die each year due to air pollution”

Unicef, 2012

• Environmental legislation becomes more stringent.

• Need for new solutions to comply

• Low concentrations of pollutants.

• Multiple components (cocktails).

• Low cost and energy consumption.

• Wide range of target pollutants.

• Modular, scalable.

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Clean air


- 15 -

Pulsed power and transient plasma


60 kV, 1 kHz, 30 kW10 ns rise time, 100 ns duration

Smart charger,30 kV, 5 kHz, 20 kW, 30 μs, 96 % efficiency

Heavy duty,repetitive switch unit

• Up to +/-60 kV, 0.5-10 ns duration, <200 ps rise time, 4 kHz rep.rate

Adjustable (sub) ns pulsed power technology


– the world’s fastest plasma


Record breaking plasma performance


• Powerful oxidant, on-site production and use, no residues

• Purification of drinking water

– Reduction of bacteria and pharmaceutical residues

– Market 1.2 billion $

– 2.5 Mm3 daily, requires 45 MVA

• Potential energy reduction

50-75 % by applying

ns pulsed power and

transient plasma.

- 20 -

Example – ozone

1 10 100 10000

50

100

150

200

<10 ns pulse width

<100 ns pulse width

>=100 ns pulse width

Yie

ld [

gr/

kW

h]

Concentration [ppm]


• Flexible repetitive, nanosecond pulsed power technologies

• Solid state switch solutions

• Multi-level very fast pulsed power topologies

• Adaptive pulsed power techniques

• World record breaking plasma performance

– Air and water purification

– Sustainable agriculture

– Plasma medicine

• Acknowledgements: Tom Huiskamp, Wilfred Hoeben, Bert van Heesch, Frank Beckers, Gerrit Kroesen, Sander

Nijdam, Ute Ebert, Polo van Ooij, Paul Leenders, Bas Zeper, Pauline Smits

- 21 -

Outlook


Gepulste hoogspanning technieken en toepassingen

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