Geothermal Energy Resources
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Transcript of Geothermal Energy Resources
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Geothermal EnergyResources
San Jose State University
FX RongèreMarch 2009
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Geothermal Energy Resource
Huge resource: At 10 km under the ground the resource are 13 M
Quads Equivalent of 130,000 year of USA energy overall
consumption 100 GWe possible in the USA by 2050
In California, Geothermal Energy is big:
Source: CEC-300-2007-0072006 NET SYSTEM POWER REPORT
2,068 MW installed in California in 2006 compared to 2,313 MW for the USASource: EIA.gov
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Types of Geothermal Energy
3 types of Geothermal Energy Power Generation (>3km - >150oC) District Heating (500m - <100oC) Geothermal Heat Pumps (100m - <20oC)
Source: http://www.geothermal.ch/eng/vision.html
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Geothermal Resource
http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geothermal/technology.htm
Heat comes from the core of the earth, the natural earth radioactivity, and chemical reactions
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Estimation of the heat flux
Conduction through the lithosphere
Ad
TTknTgradkQ
crust
MSA
Acond ....
k Thermal conductivity of the crust (2 W.m.K-1)
TS Temperature at the surface of the crust (20oC)
n Normal to the surface
TM Temperature of the surface of the mantel ( 930oC)
dcrust Depth of the crust is about 30 km
A Area (1 m2)
206.0
WmQcond
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Capture the energy deep in the crust
Water flow allows much higher fluxDrill a well deep enough to get the
required temperature
Assuming uniform crust depth
Average temperature gradient in the crust
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
Temperature (C)
Dep
th (km
)
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Plate Tectonics
Best resources are at the boundaries of main plates
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Current Drilling Cost
Source:The Future of Geothermal Energy 2006
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Geothermal Resources USA
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Geothermal Resources USA
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Geothermal Resources USA
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Geothermal Resources USA
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California Geothermal Resources
Geothermal Power Plants
Glass Mountain 49 MW 96AmedeeHoney Lake 4 MW 85-89Geysers 1,421 MW 71-89Casa DiabloMammoth 40 MW 84-90Coso 274 MW 87-89Salton Sea 336 MW 82-00Heber 85 MW 85-93East Mesa 99 MW 87-89TOTAL 2,308 MW