Geotechnical Projects & Applications

Waterfront Structures

.:. Allows economical modification to

marine terminals

.:- Allows increased dockside draft

.:- Reduces lateral thrust/bending moments

.:- Allows free drainage and control of

in-place densityPort of Albany Marine Tenninal Expansion .:. Albany, New York

Engineer: Childs Engineering, Inc., Medfield; Mass.

Modifications to the Port Albany Marine T erminal reclaimed an area of approximately

1500' x 80' in an unstable slope area and provided increased dockside draft to permit

service by large oil tankers. L W A backfill minimized lateral earth pressures, while also

reducing overburden pressures on the sensitive silts. Transportation, placement and

compaction of the L W A soil fill was readily accomplished in a minimum time frame and

without logistic difficulties. Peak delivery rates were 1300 tons, approximately 55 truck.

loads per day.

Landscape & Plaza Fills

.:. Minimizes dead loads

.> Free draining helps minimize

hydrostatic potential-:. More planters and levels can be added

.:. Easy to transport and install

Retaining Wall Backfill .:. Providence Rhode IslandEngineer: C.E. Maguire Engineers, Mansfield, Mass.

This project involved the construction of a retaining wall behind the Rhode Island State

House at the Providence River. The weight of the entire project, including the wall, the

backfill, and a future roadway at the top of the wall, was quite significant. With the area's

soft clay strata, there were engineering concerns that too much weight might force the

existing bulkhead toward the river. The use of approximately 3,500 cubic yards ofLWA

fill reduced the total project weight so dramatically that the probability of deep seated

bulkhead failure was virtually eliminated.

Bulkheads & Retaining Walls

.:- Reduces soil thrust as well as

bending moments

Reduces forces against abutment

and end slope

.:. Allows free drainage

Improves embankment stability

Structure Repair & Rehabilitation

.> Reduces dead load on existing structures

Easy transportation and installation

increase productivity

.:. Precise gradations allow for a uniform

and controlled in-place densityBarney A/lis Plaza .:. Kansas City, MissouriArchitect/Engineer: Marshall & Brown Inco'1'orated

6000 cubic yards of L W A (expanded shale) was used as loose granular fill on top of an

existing underground parking garage. The material provided subsurface drainage, weight

reduction and long term stability. In addition, the L W A material established the grade

and contour for a plaza area which was built on top of the parking structure. The L W A

material was graded ASTM C330 3/4" x No.4.

Landf1/1 Drainage-

.> Inert; high chemical stability

-:. Reduces deadloads on pipes

.:. Allows free drainage of leachate/water

.:. Acid insoluable

Calgary Pipeline .:. Calgary , CanadaEngineers: City of Calgary / Pildysh & Associates Consultants, Ltd

Watermains must be installed below the level of frost penetration. In Calgary this requires

deep, wide trenches. Such trenches are expensive and often dangerous to workers. The

insulating properties ofLWA fill allowed engineers to reduce trench depth from 3.3 meters

to 2.1 meters. This provided safer working conditions and reliable freeze protection with

an environmentally "friendly" material. L W A backfill will also afford easier winter

excavation for pipe repair, reduce disruption of water supply and street traffic by decreasing

construction time, and eliminate the need for synthetic insulating board and wide trenches.

With L W A backfill, present and future savings in capital costs alone are expected to be

in the millions.

Insulating BaC'kfil/

.:+ Substantially reduces ground

movement-induced stresses on

buried pipes and structures

+:. Counteracts frost heaving, resists

freeze/thaw cycles and highly insulative

Inen, non-corrosive and stable

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DESIGN ADVANTAGES

.Reduces Dead Loads

.Reduces Lateral Forces

.Reduces Over Turning Forces

.Provides High-Friction Angle

.Controlled Gradations

.Free Draining

.Water lnsoluable

.Acid lnsoluable

.High Insulation Value

1HE PROVEN SOW7JOH

For almost 50 years Rotary Kiln

produced Expanded LightweightAggregate (L W A) has been effect -

ively used to solve geotechnical

engineering problems and to con-

ven unstable soil into usable land.

Lightweight aggregate can reduce

the weight of compacted geo-

technical fills by up to one-hal£

Where thermal stability is required,

LWA provides significantly greater

thermal resistance when compared

to soil, sand or gravel fill. Itaffords permanent economical insulation around water lines, steam lines and any other

thermally sensitive vessel. This inen, durable, stable, free-draining and environmentally

"friendly" lightweight aggregate is extremely easy to handle and provides economical long

term solutions for geotechnical challenges.

.Chemically Inert

.High Strength & Durability

.~ to Handle and Install

.Readily Available

.Environmentally "Friendly"

THE MA TER/AL

Expanded shale, clay and slate light-

weight aggregate (LWA) has a long track

record of quality and performance. Since

its development in the early nineteen

hundreds, L W A produced by the rotary

kiln process has been used extensively in

asphalt road surfaces, concrete bridge

decks, high-rise buildings, concrete

precast/prestressed elements, concrete

masonry and geotechnical applications. The quality of L W A results from a carefully

controlled manufaCtUring process. In a rotary kiln, selectively mined shale, clay or slate

is fired in excess of 2000° F. The L W A material is then processed to precise gradations.

The result is a high quality, lightweight aggregate that is inen, durable, tough, stable,

highly insulative, and free draining, ready to meet stringent strUctural specifications.PHYSICAL PROPER77ES

The physical propenies for

specific types of rotary kiln

expanded light-weight aggregatemay vary according to manufac-

turer. For precise information on

unit weight, specific gravity,

compacted density, friction angle,

thermal conductivity and the

other physical propenies of a

panicular L W A material, consult

the rotary kiln expanded shale,

day or slate producers listed on

the back of this brochure.

I Wherever you live,

I For nearly one hundred

I years ESCS (ExpandedShale, Clay and Slate) hasbeen used successfullyaround the world in more

I than 50 different types ofapplications. The most notable among these are concretemasonry, high-rise buildings, concrete bridge decks, precastand prestressed concrete elements, asphalt road surfaces, soilconditioner and geotechnical fills.

Expanded shale, clay and slate aggregate, as manufactured by the rotary kiln process(originally developed in 1908 and patented in 1918 as Haydite), is available throughout the world.

~~ Expanded Shale, Clay and Slate Institute

2225 Murray-Holladay Road, Suite 102, Salt Lake City, Utah 84117. (801) 272-7070. Fax (801) 272-3377

Publication # 6600

work or play, ESCS improves your world!

What is ESCS? It is a unique, ceramic lightweight aggregateprepared by expanding select minerals in a rotary kiln at tem-peratures over 1000°C. The production and the raw materialsselection processes are strictly controlled to insure a uniform,high quality product that is structurally strong, stable, durableand inert, yet also lightweight and insulative. ESCS givesdesigners greater flexibility in creating solutions to meet thechallenges of dead load, terrain, seismic conditions, construc-tion schedules and budgets in today's marketplace.