Geotechnical Excavation Safety Workshop
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Transcript of Geotechnical Excavation Safety Workshop
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GEOTECHNICAL WORKSHOP:GEOTECHNICAL WORKSHOP:SOILS & EXCAVATION SAFETYSOILS & EXCAVATION SAFETY
LLOYD W. YOUNG, JR.
CHIEF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEER
BECHTEL GEOTECHNICAL & HYDRAULICENGINEERING SERVICES
FREDERICK, MARYLAND
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SPECIAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSIDERATIONSSPECIAL HEALTH & SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
COMPETENT PERSON - Th !"#$%'! ()*+'%' +")% "h)! h/ %! 00 ') !*)%"'' 'h 1))2#%$:
T#%#%$, 3+#%(, %! 4%)2!$ )1:
")# %5"#"
" )1 +)'('#/ "5"'*"
6#*%'" )1 78 CFR P' 987 S0+' P.
A0##'5 ') !'(':
()%!#'#)%" 'h' ()! "' #% (/-#%"
1#" #% +)'('#/ "5"'*"
h;!)" '*)"+h"
)'h h;!" #%(!#%$ 'h)" "")(#'! 2#'h ()%1#%! "+("
A'h)#'5 ') '4 +)*+' ()('#/ *"" ') #*#%' 3#"'#%$ %!
+!#('0 h;!" %! ') "')+ 2)4 2h% 6#!.
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PURPOSEPURPOSE
I%(" %!"'%!#%$ )1 0"#( ")# *(h%#(" +#%(#+"%! !#"("" ++#('#)% )1 OSHA $#!#%" 1) 3(/'#)%"1'5.
B# +#! ''%'#)% ')
3(/'#)% "1'5...
B' F! 2" ')) ())
1) 'h'.
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T%(h "1'5 #" %)' ) )%5 ()%(%...
M%5 '#*" '%(h" %)' 'h )%5 3(/'#)% h;!,")+" (% ") 0 "#)" h;!.
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BASIC SOIL TYPESBASIC SOIL TYPES
R"#! < F)* 'h !(5 )1 )(4 #% +(
A/# < M)/! 05 %!=) !+)"#'! #% 2'
W#%! B)% < M)/! 05 2#%! < L)""
G(# < T%"+)'! ) !+)"#'! 05 $(#"
R)(4 < S)# #" +)!( " "' )1 'h
2'h#%$ )1 )(4.
F# < U%4%)2%
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SOIL COMPONENTSSOIL COMPONENTS
THREE PHASE SYSTEM ACTUAL SOIL
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SOLID PHASESOLID PHASE
B)!"
C)00"
G/S%!
- 97 #%. +"
- >-97 #%.
- ?-> #%.- @-7 S#/ .** - .**
COARSE-GRAINED FRACTION
FINE GRAINED FRACTION
S#'
C5
- G#%"
- P'"
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GRAIN SIE DISTRIBUTION CHARTGRAIN SIE DISTRIBUTION CHART
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SOIL PLASTICITYSOIL PLASTICITY
F) ()h"#/ ")# < C5Increasing moisture content
SOLID = No volume change with drying
PL = Plastic Limit (Start of plastic behavior
LL = Li!uid limit (Start of soil flowing or e"hibiting #li!uid$ behavior
PI = Plasticity inde" SL = Shrin%age limit
PLSL LLPI
SOLID SEMI-SOLID PLASTIC STATE LIQUID STATE
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UNCONFINEDUNCONFINED
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHCOMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
M"! B5:
L0)')5 T"'
P)(4' P%')*'
Th*0 T"'
C)'#)%"
A(((5:
9-7
7-
7-
L)! + %#' 2h#(h ")# 2# 1# #% ()*+""#)%.
SOIL
SAMPLE
α
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SOIL CLASSIFICATIONSOIL CLASSIFICATION
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STATIC CONE CHARTSTATIC CONE CHART
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BORING LOGBORING LOG
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OSHA CLASSOSHA CLASS
SPT P%''#)%
0)2"=1'.
E"'#*'! C)%"#"'%(5 E"'#*'! R%$ )1 U%()%1#%!C)*+""#/ S'%$'h
')%"=1'.
7
7
7-
-
-9
9->
>
V5 S)1'
3'!! 0'2% 1#%$" 2h% "6;!S)1'
*)!! 05 #$h' 1#%$ +""M!#*
*)!! 05 "')%$ 1#%$ +""S'#11
!#5 #%!%'! 05 'h*0 0' +%''! 2#'h$' 11)'
V5 S'#11
!#5 #%!%'! 05 'h*0H!
#%!%'! 2#'h !#11#('5 05 'h*0%#
.7
.7 < .
. < 9.
9. < 7.
7. < .
.
OSHA CLASSA 9. ')%"=1'.7
B . < 9. ')%"=1'.7
C . ')%"=1'.7
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SOIL DESCRIPTION FIELD GUIDESOIL DESCRIPTION FIELD GUIDE
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SOIL MOISTURESOIL MOISTURE
D5 - N) /#"#0 "#$% )1 *)#"'M)#"' - F" !*+
- C% ) #% 0
- H%$" ')$'hS''! - W'
- F)2" 2h% h%!!
S0*$! - B)2 W'- S+#%$
OSHAOSHA
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OSHAOSHA
78CFR98778CFR987
SUBPART PSUBPART P
EXCAVATIONSEXCAVATIONS
I""! #% 988
T))4 9 5" ') +)!(P(!! 05 )/ +$" )1 ()**%'5
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OSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATIONOSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATION
S'0 R)(4:C% 0 3(/'! /'#(5 %! *#% #%'('.
T5+ A:C)h"#/ ")# 2#'h:
69. '"1
%) 1#"""%) /#0'#)%
%) !#"'0%(
%) !/" 0!!#%$ H:9V, %) )'h 'h#%$"
F.S. >.
T5+ B:
C)h"#/ ")# 2#'h
6. < 9. '"1,
")* $% ")#" !#'5,
")* 1#"" ")#" T5+ A,
")* 1#",
!5 %"'0 )(4
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OSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATIONOSHA SOIL CLASSIFICATION
T5+ C:C)h"#/ ")# 2#'h:
6. '"1
$% ")#" < (%
"0*$! ")#
!/" 0!!#%$
F.S. 9.9
O'h":
A')*'#(5 T5+ C
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VISUAL ANALYSESVISUAL ANALYSES
V#":9. V#2 "#!" )1 3(/'#)%
7. V#2 3(/'! *'#
>. L))4 1) ((4"
. O0"/ < "0"#!%(. L))4 1) 2'
. F 1) /#0'#)%
. L))4 1) h/5 )!"
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MANUAL ANALYSESMANUAL ANALYSES
M%:9. Th! )1 9=
7. D5 "'%$'h
>. Th*0
. P)(4' +%')*'. D5 '"'
MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES
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MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES
MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES
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MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES
MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES
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MAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPESMAXIMUM ALLOWED SLOPES
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INSPECTIONSINSPECTIONS
I%"+('#)%" "h 0 *! 05 ()*+'%' +")% %! "h)! 0!)(*%'!. Th 1))2#%$ $#! "+(#1#" 'h 16%(5 %!
()%!#'#)%" 6##%$ #%"+('#)%":
D#5 %! 01) 'h "'' )1 (h "h#1'
A" !#(''! 05 'h 2)4 0#%$ !)% #% 'h '%(hA1' /5 #%"')*
A1' )'h /%'" 'h' ()! #%(" h;!", .$. "%)2"')*,
2#%!"')*, 'h2, 'h64, '(.
Wh% 1#""", '%"#)% ((4", ")$h#%$, %!(''#%$, 2' "+$,
0$#%$ ' 'h 0)'')*, ) )'h "#*# ()%!#'#)%" )((Wh% 'h #" (h%$ #% 'h "#;, )('#)%, ) +(*%' )1 'h "+)# +#
Wh% 'h #" %5 #%!#('#)% )1 (h%$ ) *)/*%' #% !(%'
"'('".
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SITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONSSITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONS
D#%$ 1#"' %! "0"6%' /#"#'" ') ()%"'('#)% )('#)%, 'h()*+'%' +")% *5 1#%! 'h 1))2#%$ 6"'#)%" "1.
9. I" 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)% trench ) % e"cavationQ
7. I" 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)% *) 'h% 1' 9.7* #% depthQ
>.
I" 'h water #% 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q. A 'h !6' *%" )1 access %! egressQ
. A 'h %5 surface encumbrancesQ
. I" 'h 3+)" ') vehicular trafficQ
. A ad&acent structures stabili'ed Q
. D)" mobile 6#+*%' h/ warning systemQ
8. I" competent person #% charge )1 'h )+'#)%Q
9. I" e!uipment operating #% ) )%! 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q
99. A +)(!" 6#! ') *)%#'), '"', %! control ha'ardous atmospheresQ
97. D)" ()*+'%' +")% determine soil typeQ
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SITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONSSITE=EXCAVATION ASSESSMENT UESTIONS
9>. W" soil testing device "! ') !'*#% ")# '5+Q9. I" 'h soil +(! 7 1'. .* or more from the edge )1 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q
9. I" 'h depth 71'. .9* ) *) 1) 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)%Q
9. H" registered professional engineer ++)/! 'h +)(! #1 'h !+'h #" *)'h% 7 1'. .9*Q
9. D)" 'h +)(! 6# benching ) multiple benching Shoring Shielding9. I1 +)/#!!, do shields e"tend at least )* in+ (,+-m above 'h ")%!#%$ #1 #' #"
")+! ')2! 'h 3(/'#)%Q
98. I1 "h#!" "!, #" 'h !+'h )1 'h (' more than .ft+(,+/m below the bottom ofthe shield Q
7. A %5 6#! surface crossings )1 'h (', (/#'5, ) !+""#)% the proper widthand fitted with hand railsQ
79. A *%" )1 egress 1)* 'h (', (/#'5, ) depression no more than .- ft+ (0+/mfrom the wor% Q
77. I" emergency rescue e!uipment 6#!Q
7>. I" 'h documentation of the minimum daily e"cavation inspection