Geostationary Operational Satellites GAO

8/7/2019 Geostationary Operational Satellites GAO

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Presented to:Dr. Farouk Abdallah

Presented by:

Saged Said Kamel Mansour 7101252

Ahmed Moustafa Amin Baraka 7101435


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Electromagnetic radiation:

Electromagnetic radiation is classified according to

the frequency of its wave. In order of increasing frequency and

decreasing wavelength, these are radiowaves, microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet

radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.

made by: Saged Kamel


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Electromagnetic radiationElectromagnetic radiation::

EM radiation interacts with single atoms and molecules, itsbehavior depends on the amount of energy per quantum it

carries.

The second of Maxwell's equations yields the magnetic field.

The remaining equations will be satisfied by this choice of .



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Geostationary satellites:Geostationary satellites:

Geostationary Satellites stay parked at one spotover the equator and move in the same directionas Earths rotation. They make one orbit per dayas Earth rotates once on its axis.

The satellites have a wide foot-print.



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Main advantages forMain advantages for GAOGAO::

Being so far from the surface of Earth allowsthe satellites to field of view.

It maintains constant contact with it.

Being fixed makes them extremely useful forasynchronous communications where a timedelay is not of particular concern.

Other uses ofGAO are for weatherforecasting.

However they have limited spatial resolutionas compared to the polar orbiting satellites inview of their distance from the earth.



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Main disadvantages forMain disadvantages for GAOGAO::

polar orbit results in gaps in coverage

and many places are often observed

twice a day or less.



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GOE contain two main instrument systems:

The GOES imager:

The GOES imageris a

multichannel instrument

that senses radiant

energy emitted in the

terrestrial (longwave)

and reflected in the solar

(shortwave)

wavelengths.

The GOES sounder:

The GOES soundermeasures emittedradiation in 18 infrared

bands and reflected solarradiation in one visibleband. The energy in thebands is affected by thetemperature, moisture

and ozone content of theair.



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HowHow GAOGAOuse EM Radiation..?use EM Radiation..?

The sensor is High Resolution IR Sounder (HIRS),and Advance Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)onboard NOAA series of satellites.

Future satellites will carry more advanced sensorslike imaging spectrometers.

Geostationary Imaging Fourier TransformSpectrometer (GIFTS) is a fine example of this new-generation sensor.

GIFTS, when operational, is expected to provide thevertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and windsat several atmospheric layers in vertical.



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HowHow GAOGAOuse EM Radiation..?use EM Radiation..? Spatial Information : The main objective here is to obtain

the required information over a 2-dimensional plane. Thebest suited sensors for this class are imaging radiometersoperating in visible, infrared or microwave frequencies.

Spectral Information : The spectral details of anelectromagnetic signal are of crucial importance. Aparticular object of interest, for example an atmosphericlayer, or, the ocean surface, interacts differently withdifferent wavelengths of electromagnetic(EM) spectra.

Intensity Information: The intensity of EM radiation canprovide several clues about the object of interest. In mostcases, the satellite sensors measure the intensity of theradiation reflected from the object to know the dielectricproperties and the roughness of the object.



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HowHow GAOGAOuse EM Radiation..?use EM Radiation..?

The satellite imageries in common operational use are:

Visible (VIS) - imagery derived from reflected sunlight at visible andnear-infrared wavelength (0.4 - 1.1 um).

Infrared (IR) imagery (Fig. A) derived from emissions by the earth andits atmosphere at thermal infrared wavelengths (10-12 um)

WaterVapour (WV) imagery derived from water vapor emissions (6-7um) and

3.7 um (often referred to as channel 3) imagery in the overlap region ofsolar and terrestrial radiation and hence sometimes called near IR.

Images from microwave radiometer such as Special SensorMicrowave/ Imager (SSM/I), and TRMM Microwave Imagers (TMI) canprovide a lot of useful information.



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Conclusion:

Electromagnetic radiation

Geostationary satellite, its advantages

and disadvantages.

How GAO use EM Radiation..?



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Geostationary Operational Satellites GAO

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