Geospatial innovation along four dimensions

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® ® Geospatial Innovations along Four Dimensions New Zealand Geospatial Research Conference George Percivall OGC CTO, Chief Engineer [email protected] © 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

Transcript of Geospatial innovation along four dimensions

®®

Geospatial Innovations along Four Dimensions

New Zealand Geospatial Research Conference

George PercivallOGC CTO, Chief Engineer

[email protected]

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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Geospatial Innovations along Four Dimensions

• Spatial Representation• New Data Sources • Computer Engineering• Application Areas

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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My perspective

• Physics, remote sensing, systems engineering

• NASA weather satellite and information systems

• Standards for science and engineering

• OGC CTO

© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

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The OGC Mission

Global forum for collaboration of developers and users of

spatial data products and services; and to advance development of international

standards for geospatial interoperability.

Urban Model of Berlin based on OGC CityGML

Source: www.3d-stadtmodell-berlin.de

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Spatial Representation

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Power of Location

• 1st law of geography: "Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things.” – Waldo Tobler

• By measuring the entropy of each individual’s trajectory, we find a 93% potential predictability in user mobility – Limits of Predictability in Human Mobility, Science 2010

• “Location targeting is holy grail for marketers”– Sir Martin Sorrell, WPP CEO, MWC 2011

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Region-Centric Geospatial Information

Feature-Centric Geospatial Information

Human-Centric Geospatial Information

Device-Centric Geospatial Information

1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Source of slide: Steve Liang, Univ. Calgary and chairman of OGC Sensor Web 4 IoT

Progression of geospatial information

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What is CityGML?

- GML3 application schema(encoding standard)

- Information modeling approach (conceptual and logical model, physical exists)

The thing that makes geography interoperable in 3D.

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3D city modeling

far more than the 3D visualizationof reality

• geometry and its appearance are only one aspect of an entity)

• Key issue:Semantic modeling meaning / structure / relationships

Enabling geospatial smart city services Need for standards to integrate data

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24th of April, 2008

Availability of semantics

CityGML: (Up to) Complex objects with structured geometry Semantics Geometr

y

– Geometric entities know WHAT they are– Semantic entities know WHERE they are and what their spatial

extents are

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Levels of Detail – Multiple Representation

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An urban geospatial information integration standard

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Semantic 3D City Model of Berlin

>500,000 buildings;• fully-automatically generated

from 2D cadastre footprints & airborne laserscanning data.

• textures (automatically extracted from aerial images)

• semantic information (includesdata from cadastre)

• 3D utility networks from the energy providers

• modeled according to CityGML www.virtual-berlin.deSource: Nagel, Kolbe, 2010

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Indoor Geo-Portal

Indoor mCommerce

Emergency Control

Services for handicapped persons

Cruise Ship

Hospital

Indoor LBS

Indoor SecurityIndoor Robot

IndoorGML

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nroom

gml::id=001

`

Option 2: Geometry in IndoorGML

Option 3: No Geometry

CityGML data

IndoorGML data

GM_Solid (or GM_Surface)

Option 1: External

Reference to room in CityGML

Three options to represent geometry of each cell

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Geometry options for IndoorGML Cells

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• Poincare Duality– Conversion from original (primal space) to dual space– Given a N-D (e.g. 3D) space,

conversion from k D object N-k (e.g. 3 – k) D objects

Dual Space3D 0D

2D 1D

Solid Node

Surface(Boundary)

Edge

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Topology between Cells

A Graph

Primary Space

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Example: Wall and Door as Space Boundary

Cell R2

Cell R1

R1

R2

EXTTopographic Space

B1

D1D3

D4

B2

B3B4

B5

Ext D1

D3

D4 D2

B2

B3B1

B5

B4

Non-navigable Link (Adjacency)

Navigable Link (Connectivity)

Dual Space17

Topology between Cells

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Example – Multi-Layered Space

Non-Navigable SpaceStair

Room 1 Room 2

Room 3

Room 1 Room 2

Room 3bRoom 3a

WiFi A WiFi B

WiFi AB

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Indoor 3D mapping drone

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Real-Time Visual-Inertial Mapping, Re-localization and Planning Onboard MAVs in Unknown EnvironmentsM. Burri, H. Oleynikova, M. Achtelik and R. Siegwart IEEE/RSJ Intl Conf. Intelligent Robots and Systems, Sept 28 - Oct 2, 2015. Hamburg, Germany

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OGC Point Cloud Working Group

• Established in July 2015

• Focus on all types of point clouds:LiDAR/laser, bathymetric, meteorologic, photogrammetric…

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Discrete Global Grid Systems

Source: Matt Purss, Geoscience Australia

National Nested Grid

SCENZ-Grid

Earth System Spatial Grid

Snyder Grid

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Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) Standards Working Group (SWG)

• Develop common criteria that will define conformant DGGSs– Considering Goodchild criteria

• Develop conceptual standard to facilitate data fusion between DGGSs using OGC Standards– to make them interoperable – with

conventional and other DGGS data– to standardize operations on them

• Engage stakeholders to encourage new use cases and adoption of interoperability through DGGSs

http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/dggsswg

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Spatial Representation Research Questions

• Efficient construction of building models– Outdoor, Indoor, Underground

• Indoor location determination– Positioning, navigation and timing for indoors

• Processing on DGGSs– Interpolation, Big Data processing

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New Data Sources

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Sensors Everywhere(Things or Devices)

50 billions Internet-connected things by 2020

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Sensors and Actuators

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OGC Sensor Web Enablement

• Quickly discover sensors and sensor data (secure or public) that can meet my needs – location, observables, quality, ability to task

• Obtain sensor information in a standard encoding that is understandable by me and my software

• Readily access sensor observations in a common manner, and in a form specific to my needs

• Task sensors, when possible, to meet my specific needs• Subscribe to and receive alerts when a sensor measures a

particular phenomenon

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OGC SensorThings for IoT

• Builds on OGC Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) standards that are operational around the world

• Builds on Web protocols; easy-to-use RESTful style • OGC candidate standard for open access to IoT devices

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http://ogc-iot.github.io/ogc-iot-api/datamodel.html

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Framework for UAS using OGC SWE

• UAV challenges– sensors publish data in

unpredictable manner.– proprietary access to data

• Need to integrated data stream web publishing

• Framework to simplify integration in an interoperable way using OGC SWE standards

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Source: Rieke, M., Foerster, T., Broering, A. 14th AGILE International Conference

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Using SensorML to manage UAS complexity

• Manage proliferation of sensors on UAV platforms – Mission planning: after the most appropriate UAV is determined, it is

time to choose which kind of sensor will be accompany to the UAV. • Using SensorML to manage specifications

– Platforms: helicopter, quadcopter, blimp and airplane– Sensors: micro analog, HD camera, lowlight and thermal camera– In a database to support processing, e.g., MATLAB, BPEL

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Source: C. Avci,, Halmstad University

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slide based on work by Alex Robin© 2015 Open Geospatial Consortium

Citizens Observatories

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Using Social Media in Geospatial Analysis

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Social MediaAPIsSilos

GeoSPARQL Linked Data REST API

Web AccessLayer

Human-orientedClients

. . .

OGC Interfaces for Social MediaSocial Media Analysis WPS

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New Data Sources Research Questions

• IoT interoperability– Multiple IoT communication stacks all need location and sensors

• UAVs– Plug and play sensors on platforms– Crowdsourcing with UAVs

• Social media– From unstructured to structured

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Geospatial Innovations along Four Dimensions

• Spatial Representation• New Data Sources • Computer Engineering• Application Areas

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Computer Engineering

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Change in Geo Big Data

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1PB in 1995 required an entire building

100PB in 2015 requires a 1 car garage

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MultiSolidCoverage

• n-D "space/time-varying phenomenon" • [ISO 19123, OGC 09-146r2]

Big Data Variety: Coverages

«FeatureType»AbstractCoverage

MultiPointCoverage

MultiCurveCoverage

MultiSurfaceCoverage

GridCoverage

ReferenceableGridCoverage

RectifiedGridCoverage

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Web Coverage Service (WCS)

• WCS Core: Simple & efficient access to spatio-temporal coverages, in any suitable format– subset = trim | slice

• WCS Extensions: additional, optional functionality facets• WCS Application Profiles: domain-oriented bundling

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Web Coverage Processing Service

• QL for nD sensor, image, simulation, statistics data [OGC 08-068r2]– Syntax close to XQuery (WCPS 2.0: integration)

• Ex: "From MODIS scenes M1, M2, and M3, the difference between red and nir, as TIFF where nir exceeds 127 somewhere”for $c in ( M1, M2, M3 )where some( $c.nir > 127 )return encode( $c.red - $c.nir, “image/tiff“ )

(tiff1,

tiff2)

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Geospatial Analytics

• Analytic exploitation of the space-time features will usher in advances in high-quality prediction systems. – Space time features: the highest order bits - Jonas, Tucker

• Using algorithmic extraction and big data graphs to create and relate entities on the Web, organising them through a semantic taxonomy and enabling natural access– The future is ‘Where’" - S. Lawler, Bing

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Big Data Spatial Analytics - GeoWave

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Geographic objects and operators in Apache Accumulo

Advanced support for OGC spatial types: 3D and temporal

GeoServer plugin for OGC Web Serviceshttp://ngageoint.github.io/geowave/

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OGC Moving Features Encoding Standard

• "Moving features" data describes such things as vehicles, pedestrians, airplanes and ships.– This is Big Data – high volume, high velocity.

• CSV and XML encodings of ISO 19141

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Moving features in a temporal CRS

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time

Spatial plane

1 prism = 1 leaf + 1 sweep(&attribute)

End leaf of tracks

id=1

Id=2

11:11:20.835 11:11:26.215 11:11:28.021 11:11:30.127

(C)

(B)(D)

(A)

ISO19141 a basis for OGC Moving Features Standard

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Market Reality - Mobile First

• “Millennials would rather give up driving than their smartphone or laptop” – Zipcar survey

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http://www.slideshare.net/kleinerperkins/2012-kpcb-internet-trends-yearend-update

• Geospatial services need to consider: “the other end of the spectrum has customers who do not use laptops and computers. They use cell phones and tablets.”– Ola Rollen, President and CEO, Hexagon AB

http://issuu.com/geospatialworld/docs/geospatial-world-annual-edition-january-2013

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OGC and Mobile

Open GeoSMSGeoPackageOWS ContextARML 2

Points of Interest3D VisualizationIndoorGMLSensorThings (IoT)Moving Features

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OGC Open GeoSMS

• Characteristics– Multilingual– Multi-device– Harmonized with many existing

applications– Incorporates relevant

ISO standards

• Significant potential for many applications

• Adopted in 2011• Submitted to International

Telecommunications Union

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3D Portrayal Services

• Service interface for web-based scene graph rendering and image based rendering of 3D city models

• Use several encodings and protocols

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Scenegraph

Images

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First multi-vendor Augmented Reality Open Interoperability Demonstration

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>50 Millionusers

+ + =

AR content encoded in OGC ARML 2.0 draft standard

Organized by AR StandardsCommunity Demonstrated at Mobile World Congress 2014

http://www.opengeospatial.org/pressroom/pressreleases/1967http://www.wired.com/beyond_the_beyond/2014/02/augmented-reality-interoperability-demo/

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Computer Engineering Research Questions

• Geotemporal on Big Data– Apache Big Data Platforms

• Grid databases– Applied to complex coverages

• Moving features– Analytics on spatial-temporal tracks

• Portrayal– 3D and AR

• Mobile, mobile, mobile

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Application Areas

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Geospatial Information and Technologies Inform and Enhance Decision Making

Emergency / Disaster Management

Aviation Flight Information /

Safety

Meteorology, Hydrology, Ocean

Monitoring

Source: DigitalGlobe

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• Urgent need for more information on soils at varying geographic scales

• Diversity of data makes integration and harmonisation difficult

• Soil data needs to be freely available and in formats that can be readily used for a wide range of purposes

• Need for harmonization of methods

UN General Assembly declared 2015 The International Year of Soils

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OGC Soil Interoperability Experiment

International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) proposed the IE to OGC in May 2015

• IE Initiators– Landcare Research – ISRIC World Soil Information– CSIRO

• Participating Organizations– Federation University (Aus), CRA-ABP (Italy), USGS Office of Water

Information, NRCS – USDA (US), Horizons Regional Council (NZ)

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Goals of the Soil IE achieved

• Primary focus: –Develop and test a

Soil Markup Language, a GML compatible encoding for soil features

• Successful demonstration at OGC meeting, 2015-12-03– Using WMS, WFS, WPS

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Urban Resilience with Coastal Inundation

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Coastal Inundation as a result of Sea-Level Rise – 2025 Projection

Climate and Human Security: • Social unrest with displaced population due to climate change• Integrating spatial and non-spatial models of human geography• OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) for model interoperability

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What to look for in the Testbed 11 video

• Simplified interaction with predictive models for anticipation of warnings and opportunities

• Data collection from network-challenged field operations to test models and fill in gaps in context

• Integrated security and open data together providing content and context to all customers

• Web-first strategy based on multi-vendor interoperability

Unique innovation process to advance

open access through standards

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Testbed 11 Video

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OGC Testbed 11 YouTube Playlist

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Join Testbed 12

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OGC’s interoperability innovation lab

Contact Dr. Terry Idol, [email protected] Executive Director, OGC Interoperability Program

OrDr. Scott Serich, Ph.D, JD, Testbed 12 Initiative Director

[email protected]

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Blog

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http://www.opengeospatial.org/blog/1814

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Thanks to New Zealand

For OGC contributions• Land Information New

Zealand– Byron Cochrane

• Landcare Research NZ– David Medyckyj-Scott,– Alistair Ritchie– Robert Gibb

For conference• University of Canterbury

– Kathryn Salm– Wendy Lawson

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For Details on OGC Standards…

OGC Standards– Freely available– www.opengeospatial.org/standards

George Percivallgpercivall at opengeospatial.org @percivall

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