Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

Activities of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Hiroaki TANAKA

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI)

Asia Geospatial Forum24-26 September 2013

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

• Earthquake: Epicenter: Off coast of Sanriku area Depth: 24km Magnitude: 9.0 Fault: Length 450km, Width 200km

• Tsunami: – Highest elevation reached: 43m– Inundated areas: 561 square km

Disaster caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

Outbreak(3/11)

Management

Crustal movement, Benchmark

Set up EmergencyHQs (0h)

Set up EmergencyHQs (0h)

Dispatch of liaisons to operational offices (0.5h-)Dispatch of liaisons to operational offices (0.5h-)

GNSS based movement analysis (3h)GNSS based movement analysis (3h)

Aerial photo survey (1 day-)Aerial photo survey (1 day-)

Base map provision(1h ～ )

Base map provision(1h ～ )

Base map for reconstructionBase map for reconstruction

Information Release through GSI web (2nd day-)Information Release through GSI web (2nd day-)

1 Day 1 Wk 1 Mon 3 MonProvision of geo-spatial information (2nd day-)Provision of geo-spatial information (2nd day-)

GSI Response Summary

Aerial photo, imageryDamage mapping

Base map etc.

Dispatch of liaisons to the affected areas (6-65 day)Dispatch of liaisons to the affected areas (6-65 day)

Disaster overview mapDisaster overview map

Tsunami inundation mapping (3rd day-)Tsunami inundation mapping (3rd day-)

Revision of geodetic results (-10/31)Revision of geodetic results (-10/31)

3 Day

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

What GSI does in response to large earthquakes

• Pre-disaster– A number of things need to be done to make us well

prepared for disasters.

• Emergency response(>3 ～ 4days)– Timely geospatial description of what happened to assist

the rescue operations

• Assist the disaster (>1 ～ 2months)– Assist for disaster assessment and victim's certificate by

before-after photos and inundation maps

• Recovery Support(<2 months)– Revision of maps and control point coordinates to assist

the recovery from disasters.

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanWhat GSI did at 3.11 Earthquake

in Emergency response phase

• Provision of maps of affected areas– Immediately (< 1h) to designated Government

offices starting from small-scale maps (1:500k).

• Detection and analysis of ground surface movement with GNSS control point network

• Air survey (Aerial photos + Ortho images)– Photo interpretation and measurement of

damaged areas.

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanProvision of Maps (< 1 hour)

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanGround Surface Movement (+ 3 hours -)

Horizontal

Oshika: 5.3 m

Tokyo: 0.2 m

Vertical

Oshika: 1.2 m

GNSS based control stations observed large crustal movement

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

Coverage

No-fly zone by nuclear hazard

Air photos (+ one day -)

Take air photos of major damaged area in a few days

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanCooperation with relevant organizations

GSIPublic

Corporation

Company A

Company B

Company C

Company D

Prior Agreement

Request

…..

Emergency ContractBypassing Bidding Process

Products Delivered(Photos, Ortho images)

Arrangement for Emergency Air Survey

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanPhoto Interpretation (+ 3 days -)

Inundation Areas

To delineate the inundation areas by Tsunami

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanPhoto Interpretation (+ 3 days -)

Total inundation areas: 561 square km

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanAssist disaster phase (>1 ～ 2months)

Issue of victim's certificate: investigation of building damage certification to citizens

These investigations are usually carried out locally.At this disaster, it was difficult to enter disaster site. Comparing old with new photo, it can check on situation of damage.

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanRecovery Phase (+ 1-2 months -)

• Resurvey for new coordinates of geodetic control points– Resurvey of selected control points– Calculation of transformation parameters– Revision of coordinates of control point

network origins (horizontal & vertical)

• New mapping of damaged areas– 1:2,500 scale mapping for reconstruction

planning

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanRevision of survey dataRevision of survey data

14

Provision of survey data was discontinued (Mar. 14)

GPS & VLBI observations & analyses.

New survey data were opened (May. 31)

GNSS-based control stationsGNSS-based control stations Triangulation stationsTriangulation stations

Provided Correction parameters and revise calculation software (Oct. 31)

43,000Non-observed triangulation stations

GNSS-based control station ｃ

(1)(2)

(3)

(1) GNSS observation at the selected stations

(2) Each corner of 1km grid is given correction parameters

(3) The correction vector of the station is interpolated

： Grid point having parameters 　

： Interpolated correction vector

： Correction vector at the grid point

： Known displacement of the station

1900 　Triangulationstation

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanRecovery Planning Map

1:2,500 base map in support of reconstruction planning

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanTo whom?

Local Governments

Central Gov.

People/Media

LocalGovernments

GSI regional office

Gov. local office

Web

MLITOffice of Prime Minister

Sit. Cen.

Sit. Cen.

MinistriesAgencies

PrintedMaps

Liaison

Liaison

Map TeamLiaison

Japan Self- Defense Forces.

PrintedMaps

HDD

GSI HQ.PrintedMaps

HDD

PrintedMaps

HDD

BriefingMaps

Way of providing information to various agencies

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanThe lesson for the Great East Japan Earthquake

“What we can’t do normally can’t be done well in emergency response.”

Good preparation makes us respond successfully to disasters.

What makes us well prepared for disasters?Drill: systematic training by multiple repetitions

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanDisaster reduction drills

• Drills train us well prepared for disasters and also help us identify processes/equipment that need improvement/repair.– Communications

• Response in 10 minutes to emergency messages to cell phone

• Teleconference in 30 minutes

– GNSS based control station• resiliency and redundancy of power supply and

communications of the GNSS observation system

– Air photos transfer to users (after plane landing)• < 4 hours for 11 prefectures around Tokyo• < 6 hours for the rest

Geospatial Information Authority of JapanSummary

• Geospatial information products provided by GSI were well utilized and applied by various kinds of organizations

• GSI will continue its efforts to provide geospatial information products and share the experiences with the Asia-Pacific countries.

Geospatial Information Authority of Japan

THANK YOU!

Hiroaki TANAKA

hiroaki@gsi.go.jp