GEORGIAS JUDICIAL BRANCH SS8CG4 VOCABULARY APPELLATE An adjective to describe the court of appeals as a system, i.e.- the appellate court system; having the power or authority to review and decide appeals, as a court.appeals CAPITAL CRIMES Felonies that are punishable by the death penalty. In Georgia, capital crimes include murder, kidnapping with bodily injury, aircraft hijacking, and treason. CIVIL LAW Involves disputes between individuals or groups of people. Typically, one group is seeking money or compensation from another group. Civil law cases do not involve criminal activity. COURT OF APPEALS This court is the 2 nd highest-ranking in the state. There are 12 judges elected to 6 year terms. They elect one of their members to serve as the chief judge. This court also only hears cases appealed from lower-ranking courts and they determine if the proceedings and verdict were fair and in line with Georgias constitution. They do not have juries or witnesses. CRIMINAL LAW This type of law deals with crimes that may have been committed and the punishment that is suitable for that crime. In a criminal case, a law has been broken and someone has already been arrested for that crime. CRIMES Serious legal offenses that are punishable with fines, community service, prison, and sometimes even the death penalty. DEFENDANT This is the person who has been accused of a crime in a criminal court case, or the person who is being sued by a plaintiff in a civil case. DEFENSE ATTORNEY This is a lawyer who represents a person accused of a crime. Their job is to try to prove the defendant (the person accused) is innocent of the charges against them. DELINQUENT CHILD Delinquent child means a child who has committed a crime under the laws of Georgia or another state (if the crime occurred in the other state) and is in need of treatment and rehabilitation. DISTRICT ATTORNEY This person is a lawyer who represents the government in all criminal court cases. They argue for the laws of the state and are on the opposite side of the person(s) accused of a crime. FELONY This is a very serious crime such as murder, arson, rape, grand theft, and/or burglary. The punishment for this type of crime is more than one year in prison, a fine of at least $1, or both. GRAND JURY This group of people decide whether or not people accused of a crime should be indicted and made to stand trial for his or her actions. INDICTMENT This is the formal accusation of a person who is thought to have committed a crime. These can not be made without proper justification. These are determined by a grand jury. JURISDICTION This includes the geographical area controlled by a court or government agency as well as what kinds of cases can be heard within that type of court. For example, the Supreme Court serves all of Georgia and deals with all cases involving the death penalty and magistrate courts deal with individual counties and minor instances of breaking laws. JUVENILE Citizens under the age of seventeen. They must follow all laws that older citizens have to follow as well as those that do not apply to citizens over seventeen. Examples of these include attending school and following curfews. They are also legally required to obey all reasonable and lawful directions or decisions of their parents or legal guardians. JUVENILE COURTS The jurisdiction of juvenile courts extends to delinquent children under the age of seventeen and deprived children under the age of eighteen. Juvenile courts have concurrent jurisdiction with superior courts in cases involving capital felonies, custody and child support cases, and proceedings to terminate parental rights. In addition, the juvenile courts have jurisdiction over minors committing traffic violations and other special consent cases MAGISTRATE COURTS Justice of the peace courts and small claims courts became magistrate courts. Magistrate court jurisdiction includes civil claims of $15,000 or less, dispossessory writs, county ordinance violations, misdemeanor deposit account fraud (bad checks), preliminary hearings, issuance of summons, arrest warrants, and search warrants. MISDEMEANOR A crime that is considered to be a less serious offense. It is punishable by less than one year in prison, a fine of less than $1,000, or both. An example of this in Georgia is Theft by Shoplifting, where the value of the merchandise is under $ Other offenses include, trespassing, cruelty to animals, and assault and battery. PLAINTIFF This is the person who initiates, or starts, a lawsuit in a court. In a civil case, the plaintiff is suing someone else. In a criminal case, the district attorney, or the government, is the one starting the case against a person accused of a crime. PROBATE COURTS Probate courts, formerly called courts of ordinary, have original jurisdiction in the probation of wills, administration of estates, appointment of guardians, and involuntary hospitalization of mentally incapacitated adults. Probate judges may handle certain misdemeanor cases, traffic cases, and violations of state game and fish laws in counties where there is no state court. STATE COURTS In seventy counties in Georgia, state courts exercise jurisdiction over misdemeanor violations, including traffic cases, and adjudicate civil actions except in cases in which the superior court has exclusive jurisdiction. SUPREME COURT This is the highest ranking court system in the state of Georgia. There are seven elected justices who are voted in for 6 year terms. Its main jobs are to review lower-court cases on appeal and to interpret the state constitution. It also automatically reviews all cases involving the death penalty. There are no juries or witnesses in this court. This is considered an appellate court. SUPERIOR COURTS The superior court is Georgia's general jurisdiction trial court. It has exclusive jurisdiction over trials in felony cases, divorce, equity, and cases pertaining to land. Georgia counties are divided into forty-nine judicial circuits, each of which has at least one superior court judge. TORT Under civil law, a civil wrong doing against an individual, involving compensation. TRIAL COURTS These courts hear original cases such as criminal cases (someone is in trouble with the law) and civil cases (someone is being sued, getting divorced, etc.). In these courts, actions and intentions are judged to be lawful or unlawful. They are either decided by a chosen jury, or by a judge. TRIAL JURY This group of people are chosen and responsible for judging a person who has already been formally charged with a crime to determine his or her guilt or innocence. TRUANCY Failure to attend school (skipping). UNRULY CHILD Unruly child means a child who is habitually and without justification truant from school; is habitually disobedient of the reasonable and lawful commands of his or her parents, guardian, or other custodian and is ungovernable; has committed an offense only applicable to a child; deserts his or her home; wanders or loiters about the streets between the hours of 12:00 Midnight and 5:00 A.M.; patronizes a bar; possesses alcoholic beverages; disobeys the terms of supervision contained in a court order.