1. ER : , , , . weary , , . "" . FALTER , , ! " PASTED : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_of_revolution , - , : ,

2. Storming Bastille 14 1789 , . In , ( ) , , , . , , .[ ] 1 Origins 1.1 1.2 3. 1.3 1.4 2 3 4 Duty 5 6 6.1 , 6.2 7 8 9 [ ] [ ] articulated Zhou (1122 - 256 BC) . Shang , [1]Zhou , Heaven , Heaven , displeased despotic . Heaven , . , , Heaven . ,, , Heaven , . Confucian Mencius (372 - 289 BC) , , . : Heaven[ ] , Lewis , Sunnah , . , , , :" , , , ." . , . dicta , . : " "; , 4. , , , . pronouncement ", ," , , .[2][ ] Carta .[3], traced Carta , 1215, , . " ", barons . Carta , . Bull of 1222 bull , , II . , disobey , (jus resistendi). The Golden Bull Carta, Bull , Carta . Aquinas , tyrannical Summa Theologica . Salisbury tyrannical Policraticus.[ ] : Jesuits , Bellarmine , for tyrannicide- . Calvin . In , , " ", " cheat" , " ". , " , ", " behooves us to , . ", 5. , , . magistrates " ", , Ephori in Sparta Demarchs . Calvin , . , Calvinist " Tudor . [4] Calvin prudential tyrants, , predestinarian Calvinism. , Guy Fawkes " Gunpowder Regnans in Excelsis . Aquinas , tyrannicide tyrants , tyrannicide , on , , , . , , , -19, -20, 21 .[ ] , , : : expounded Monarchomachs Huguenots tyrannicides . : , , deposed II 1688 III-Orange-Nassau . : , . , . , , , III. 1776 , , " unalienable " "" . : 1789 Man .[ ] 6. , , . Pauline Maier [5] "[P] rivate Malice , ...." , " [6], " " " , Publick, " ," , , ".[7] Treatises . , , , , ; , , , . , . .[ edit ] Duty , , , . Kiefer opines, " , , , , . "[8]Morton ", , , , , , off despotism. " [9], " usurpations, evinces Despotism, , , , off " ( ). , .[ ] 7. in Trumbull idealization . , invocation . , , unrestrained . , , . " " redressing " " " ". [10]For ditch 1776 . litany of , . , Fritz, , , . . , "",[11] in 1780, ", , " , , " reduire [] ". [12] . Connecticut- 1818 articulated " " ", ".[13] Fritz Sovereigns: duality " " ", ", . [14] 1776 Hampshire- 1784 , . , , [15] onerous . 1776 , , "" 1776 , " ", . [16][ ] Descriptions , (, ), ( )., . , 8. , . , . 1760s, Blackstone- " ". [17] , . , . " Dogma ", " ". [18] , . [19] . "" . " ," "" . [20] . , 1775, " " , .[21] , . , , . , , . ,[22] . Blackstone- , [23] "", , " ", . Stamp 1760s [24] " " " ". [25]" " III, , . [26] Fritz- , off . " ". [27] understandings rested . posited mists . " , . . III , , 9. . " ". [28][ ] , , , , . : Szlachta , , , , rokosz . New Hampshire s [29] , 10 : , , , . nonresistance , , , slavish , . , [30] : , , , . , indefeasible , , . s , [31] 1, -2 : , , . indefeasible , , . I, 2 Tennessee [32]: , , slavish . s 21, 1789 : [ ] 10. 3D. , , slavish , . Texas 1,[33] 2: , . , , , , ., Grundgesetz , , amendable , , -20 , , , . , 120, , "[...] ."[ edit ] , , , . , . onerous, , . , Fritz , "impl [y] " :" , . . " " , .... , ", , . , .... , , , . , moorings . 11. , , , ".[34] , , , .[ ] () Qui TAM [ ] 1. ^ , . [2002] (2002). Heaven: . Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-0444-22.^ 3.^ V. Turner. Carta. Pearson . (2003). ISBN 0-582-43826-8 p.14. ^ Dave Kopel: Calvinist , , 2008 , 27-315.^ Fritz, Sovereigns: (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2008), 14(, " , , "). , (4 vols., , 1986-1993),I: 111 ( " "), III: 427n31( Viscount Bolingbroke, " " " ").6.^ Pauline Maier, : , 1765-1776 (Alfred A. Knopf, 1972), 33.7.^ Maier, , 35-36.8.^9.^10. ^ , , [ 23], 1775, , I: 136 12. 11.^ Fritz, < class = " " = "nofollow"> Sovereigns: (In 2, " ", Fritz , , "[i] ncreasingly, , , , . ") ( , 2008) . 25 [ ISBN 978-0-521-88188-3 a>12. ^ 1780 , , . 7.13. ^ Connecticut 1818 , , . 2.14. ^ Fritz, Sovereigns: (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2008), 24.15. ^ 1776 , , . 4; New Hampshire1784 , , . 10.16.^ 1776 , , . 3; 1776, , . 5.17. ^ Blackstone, (4 vols., ,1765-1769, ed., repr., 1979), I: 238.18.^ , " ", Hartog, ed., (1981), 72.19. ^ New Jersey 1776 Newton Thorpe, ed., T ... , V: 2594 (, ).20. ^ , (4 vols.,1986-1993), III: 140.21.^ , " ," [ 23], 1775, , : 88.22.^ , , I: 111 ( " "), III: 427n31 ( ViscountBolingbroke, " " " "); Pauline Maier, : , 1765-1776, 33-34(" , Malice , , , ").23.^ , " ," , . , , III: 121 427n31, Maier, , 33-35.24. ^ Blackstone, , I: 243 238. 13. 25. ^ , , I: 112 26. ^ , " " 84. 27. ^ Fritz, Sovereigns, 14. 28. ^ Fritz, Sovereigns, 13. 29. ^ New Hampshire 30. ^ 31. ^ 32. ^ Tennessee 33. ^ 34. ^ Fritz, Sovereigns, 24-25.[ ] , Vol. 1 3, 1789 14. PASTED : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_corruption , - , : , 2010 , ", ". () , , () . . , , . . officeholder , , . , , , cronyism ,nepotism , , . , , , ., , . , , . 15. , , . 1 . unrestrained [1] , kleptocracy , " ".[ ] 1 1.1 , 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 : , , , .. 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nepotism cronyism 2.5 2.6 2.7 Kickbacks 2.8 Unholy 2.9 3 3.1 4 5 6 7 Whistleblowers 8 9 10 11 12 16. 13 14 15 [ edit ] [ ] , (1896) Elihu Vedder . , . , flouting subverting . , . centrality . , erodes , siphoned off . , .[ ] : , . , , contrive . . inflates , , connections from .[2] 17. , diverting , kickbacks plentiful. , . [3] , , . , , , , , , ( , , , ). In , , $ 400 1960 1999 .[4] Massachusetts Amherst Amherst , 1970 , 1996, 30 $ 187bn, , . (, [5] , Mancur Olson ). , , , corruptly-. stash out . , Suharto s New Order cut , ..[ ] . , , . , unionization . . Amartya Sen , " , ." , , , , . kleptocracy , harvests . . In Bihar , , 80% . , , [6] , warlords . -20 - . [7][ ] 18. , , , , . [8] , , , . , [8], workmanship, kickbacks for in . , [8] , , , , . , , [8], , . , [8] inflate siphon of .[8][ ] : , , , .. : , , . , : , , [9] , , defibrillators ( capacitors) , " ", , , , unionists . . , . (, , ). () , , . , , , , loopholes .[ ] 19. [ edit ] : . , . ,, () . , . , . , . , maliciously ( ). , 12 .[10] dissociate incriminate , . , , , , [ ], , . ( -2 (ETS 173) , ). , [ ], , , , , ( -3 (ETS173) ). , (, , ) , , ( ), . , , , (-giver -taker) . , ,, "", . -3 F (ETS 174) : ," " , , , , , , , , .[ edit ] 20. , peddling , , / , ( ). , tri- . , ( ) , / . , , , "" , , , , , , , ,, .. (), , " ", -12 (ETS 173) , .[ edit ] : , . , , , . , , . In nondemocracies , . (, s , nomenklatura , , Junkers ), . , , , ( ).[ edit ] Nepotism cronyism : Nepotism Cronyism ( nepotism ) ( cronyism ) . , ,, , . , , , . cronyism " Ol ", - - . illegitimately , . , -up , , . 21. [ edit ] : . , , depressing , . , , .[ edit ] : . , . , ; , .[ edit ] Kickbacks : Anti- Kickback . , , , . , , . , , kickback , . () () , . kickback , , .Kickbacks , , , .[ edit ] Unholy Unholy , . , unholy , , deceptive , unholy . , (TR):" unholy statesmanship ". - 1912 , TR [11] [12]( ..), , , , .[ ] 22. 1920 1930 Shanghai , Huang Jinrong , , , DuYuesheng , ringleader. dens, undisturbed. Noriega s "narcokleptocracy ", . Noriega.[ ] , : . : 2005 " engendered lethargic, ".[13] .Contempt . , . . , quantify , . , . , . .[14] [ ] . , . , , . . . . . 23. whistleblowers . , , , , . Ciudadanos , . , . .[15] , giro - . . , $ 1,000 embezzled , $ 2,000 , , $ 2.000.000 . . , unsupervised . . [ ] - . , , , kickbacks. , . , , , ( , -paymasters ) . , , , . . , in , , . unintentional . e- . Windfall . ( )[16] . 24. cliques " Ol ". , nepotism / , . , blat , , . . . , , , , , [17] [18] . Dravidian , , .[ ] , , cronyism, kickbacks . , unsupervised . . , ., , , . , , [19] , , , . , , inducing . , , , cronyism. , . , . , , , , , , , , . , , extralegal , .[20] counter , , collusive , .., , , . , 25. , , gouge : . , , . [ ], : , , competently . , , . , , .[ edit ] , , , , neologism kleptocracy . (, ) . , showy . , . , amass . , exploitive Mobutu Sese Seko , ( ) from 1965 to 1997. , kleptocracy Mobutu. , , Abacha 1993 , 1998 . 3-4. 419 "", "", , . $ 400 [21] by 1960 1999 .[22] , , Forbes ,, , 1959 , , $ 900 , "" . , [23] amassed , , , cronies , $ 900 by Forbes , , . [24] 26. [ ] : ( ), . . , . , .[25][ edit ] , , , , [26] . Jan lokpal .In 1990, (, , , OECD ) : 1996 , , , , [27], , : (ETS 173); [28] (ETS 174); [29] (ETS 191);[30] ( (97) 24); [31] ( No.R (2000) 10);[32] (Rec (2003) 4) [33] ( , , ..) . , , - ( GRECO)(: Groupe dEtats contre la ) . (OAS OEA), , 2003 , , .[ edit ] Whistleblowers : Whistleblower[ edit ] 27. , , , ., . , unproven , , , . , . , , , , , . , , , , , . , , , , . , . , , , . , , , circumvented. , . , circumvention , , , caps , , , , . . , . , off (). , , , . , in constraining . , coffers , . , 1996 . 1837 (Rec (2003) 4) . , ( dissociate , ), , . , , 28. (. ). . largess , . . , , .[ ] , imprecise . , "[34]" 1995 CPI, metrics , , . [35] , , CPI, 1995 . credited . , : CPI ( aggregating , ); ( ) , . metrics, . [35] [36] [37][38] , 100,000 . , , , ", , , , , " " ". , [39] : " ?" , . , , datasets , . [34] , metrics Global Integrity , , Global Integrity , 2004 . [40] 29. , .Global Integrity [41] " " - Global Integrity , , , . 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