Georgia Studies Chapter 11. Section 1—The Roaring Twenties Vocabulary – Jazz – The blues –...
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Transcript of Georgia Studies Chapter 11. Section 1—The Roaring Twenties Vocabulary – Jazz – The blues –...
Georgia StudiesChapter 11
Section 1—The Roaring Twenties
• Vocabulary– Jazz– The blues– Boll weevil– Great Migration
The New WomanThe New Woman• 1920 – 19th Amendment gave women the right
to vote• More women in the workforce• Flappers: name given to women who took on
the new fashion – known for short hair, make-up, dancing, drinking
• First women in Georgia legislature: Bessie Kempton Crowell & Viola Ross Napier
• Rebecca Latimer Felton first woman in U.S. Senate
MusicMusic
• Speakeasies: clubs known for having liquor (which was illegal)
• Jazz: became popular music – Louis Armstrong & Duke Ellington
• Cotton Club in Harlem NY most famous jazz club
• Blues: based on black folk music – Ma Rainey & Bessie Smith
• The Charleston was the popular dance
Singing the Blues Video
CrimeCrime
• Prohibition: laws made sale and distribution of alcohol illegal
• Gangsters supplied liquor to speakeasies and clubs
• Famous gangsters from New York and Chicago: Al Capone; Baby Face Nelson
• Al Capone: “Public Enemy No. 1”
Life in the Roaring TwentiesLife in the Roaring Twenties
• Life in US after World War I was good• More modern conveniences freed
women from household chores• Electricity became more available• Other inventions included gas stoves,
toasters, sliced bread, baby food• Radio: WSB started in Atlanta• 1927: first talking motion picture• Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse
The Voice of the South Video
The Destruction of King CottonThe Destruction of King Cotton
• Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s most important cash crop
• Price of cotton also dropped
• 1924: major drought (period with little or no rain) hit Georgia
• Georgia farmers did not have the “good life” that many Americans enjoyed
• Farms closed forcing banks and farm-related business to close
The Great MigrationThe Great Migration
• Many tenant farmers left Georgia to work in northern factories
• Chicago and Detroit were popular destinations
• Many African Americans moved north for better pay, education, and more citizenship rights such as voting
• Young men sent north first to get jobs; sent for the family when they had saved enough money
The Klan StrengthensThe Klan Strengthens
• Targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants
• Number of members increased in every state
• 1925: Klan march on Washington with 40,000 members
• Declining membership by the end of the decade as members were linked to racial terrorism
A Special DayA Special Day
• 1927: Charles Lindbergh became first person to fly nonstop from New York to Paris
• 3,600 mile trip, 33 ½ hours – traveled alone
• No navigation or weather instruments
• Won $25,000 prize
• “Spirit of St. Louis” was his plane
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Section 2—The Great Depression
• Vocabulary– Stock market– Great Depression– laissez-faire– relief
The Bottom Drops OutThe Bottom Drops Out• Stock Market: Place where shares of
ownership in corporations (stock) are bought and sold
• “Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of people loose all their wealth
• Total losses by end of year: $40 billion
• Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share – dropped to $22 per share
• Some stocks worth less than 1¢
Causes of the DepressionCauses of the Depression• Many people had borrowed too much money• Factories produced more goods than they could
sell• As people and businesses had problems making
money, banks did not get paid for loans• “Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a
portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up
• Runs on banks: people were afraid they would lose their money if it was left in the bank
• laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix itself if left alone
Living Through the DepressionLiving Through the Depression• 1932: 13 million unemployed• 9,000 banks closed• 31 Georgia banks failed• Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover –
shacks where homeless people gathered • Soup kitchens set up by charities and
governments to feed hungry• Schools were often forced to close or shorten
schedules• Georgians were already suffering from economic
problems before Black Tuesday
Easing the BurdenEasing the Burden• President Hoover’s plan: government would
buy farmer’s crops to help raise the price
• Plan did not work, but the food and cotton were used to help the needy
• Another plan was to hire unemployed people to do work for the government
• Plan did not employ enough people to really help
Click to return to Table of Contents.
The Great Depression Video
Depression Era Hobo Video
Section 3—The New Deal
• Vocabulary– New Deal– minimum wage– stretch out– collective bargaining– rural electrification– subsidy– integrate
• People to know– Franklin D. Roosevelt– Richard B. Russell– Ellis Arnall– Eugene Talmadge
The New DealThe New Deal• 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
president
• New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the depression– Examined banks for soundness– Give jobs to unemployed workers– Tried to improve American’s lives
• Paved the way for recovery though all programs did not work
Georgia and the New DealGeorgia and the New Deal• NIRA: National Industrial Recovery Act – set
minimum wage• Textile mill owners did not like the minimum
wage• Stretch out: mill owners tried to make workers
work longer, faster, or more tasks• TVA: Tennessee Valley Authority – Blue Ridge
Lake, Lake Chatuge, Lake Nottley built• CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps – built many
parks, sewer systems, bridges, etc. • REA: Rural Electrification Authority – brought
electric power to rural areas
African Americans During the African Americans During the New DealNew Deal
• Did not benefit from many New Deal programs
• WPA: Works Public Administration – did employ many African Americans
• Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet”: influential African Americans working with President Roosevelt:– Mary McLeod Bethune– Clark Foreman– Robert Weaver– William Hastie
Georgia’s New Deal GovernorsGeorgia’s New Deal Governors
• Richard B. Russell– Worked to reorganize state government like a successful
business– Elected to U.S. Senate and served for 38 years
• Eugene Talmadge– Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia
• Eurith “Ed” Rivers– Worked with Roosevelt to increase New Deal spending in
Georgia– Began programs for public housing– Term ended with corruption problems
Georgia’s New Deal GovernorsGeorgia’s New Deal Governors
• Talmadge re-elected in 1940– Began to use some New Deal programs– Used his power as governor to remove state
officials working to integrate Georgia’s state colleges
• Ellis Arnall– Reformed Board of Regents and state prisons– Removed poll tax– New state constitution
Click to return to Table of Contents.
The Rural Electrification Administration Video
Dreams Never Realized: The Strike of 1914-15
Section 4—World War II
• Vocabulary– isolationism– dictator– appeasement– World War II– Holocaust– ration– G.I. Bill
Increasing TensionsIncreasing Tensions• Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military
strength
Country Leader Quick FactsJapan Emporer
HirohitoAttacked China seeking raw materials
Italy Mussolini Attacked Ethiopia and Albania
Germany Adolf Hitler Nazi leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and silencing opponents
Soviet Union
Josef Stalin Built up industry and military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated opponents
The War BeginsThe War Begins• 1938: Hitler’s Germany attacks France to
“take back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland)• Sent troops to take over Austria,
Czechoslovakia, and Poland• Great Britain and France declared war• Soviet Union invaded nearby countries
and agreed to split Poland with Germany• By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark,
Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain
A Neutral United StatesA Neutral United States• Most Americans did not want to get
involved in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain
• Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union
• Lend-lease: policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union
• American ships began escorting British ships in convoys
““A Day that Will Live in Infamy”A Day that Will Live in Infamy”
• President Roosevelt stopped exports to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries
• Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals were stopped
• The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941
• Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean
• The USA declared war on Japan• Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union• Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
American Military ForcesAmerican Military Forces
• Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor
• 330,000 women joined – could not serve in combat roles
• Segregation in the military kept African American and white service men in different units
• Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force
The War in EuropeThe War in Europe
• 1942-1943: British and American troops won control of Africa
• 1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined the Allies
• American general Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated plan to recapture Europe
• D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in northern France
• Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France• April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet
and Germany surrenders – Hitler commits suicide
Georgia Loses a FriendGeorgia Loses a Friend• President Roosevelt visited Georgia often
at his “Little White House” in Warm Springs
• His polio symptoms were eased in the mineral springs
• April 24, 1945: President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs
• Millions of Georgians and Americans mouned
• Vice President Harry Truman became president
The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific• 1942: Japan expanded its territory throughout
the Asian Pacific region• 1945: Allied forces began to retake Japanese
controlled lands• Japan refused to surrender• President Truman authorized the use of atomic
bombs to force Japan’s surrender• Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb
on Hiroshima, Japan• Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb
dropped on Nagasaki• Over 50 million people died in the war
The HolocaustThe Holocaust
• The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan to kill all Jewish people
• Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed
• 6 million people killed in the Holocaust
Georgia During World War IIGeorgia During World War II• 320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces –
over 7,000 killed• Military bases were built in the state which
improved the economy• Farmers grew needed crops – income tripled for
the average farmer• Limits were put on the consumption of goods
such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing)
• Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war
• Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure soldiers would have enough food
• POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some military bases
The War’s Effects on SocietyThe War’s Effects on Society• Everyone was expected to help in the war
effort• Women began working in jobs to replace
men who had gone to war• G.I. Bill: law to help returning soldiers
adapt to civilian life– Low cost loans for homes or business– College education opportunities
• Women and African Americans did not want to go back to the kind of life they had before the war
Click to return to Table of Contents.
Click to return to Table of Contents.