Georgia and the American Experience · the US and Georgia constitutions •Naturalized citizen:...
Transcript of Georgia and the American Experience · the US and Georgia constitutions •Naturalized citizen:...
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Local
Government
Essential Question:
How do local governments
and special purpose
governments work?
©2005 Clairmont Press
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County Government
• Georgia has 159 counties, nearly 600
towns – each has a government
• county: subdivision of a state set up for
certain governmental functions
• most Georgia counties are run by an
elected Board of Commissioners
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Sharing Services
• Some city and county governments share
services
• Fulton County is home to city of Atlanta
• Fulton County and city of Atlanta share
zoning duties and library system
• Fulton and DeKalb counties share a
hospital authority
• Fulton County and the City of Atlanta have
separate school systems
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Officials in County
Government
• Most counties have the following elected
officials:
– commissioners, superior court clerk, probate
court judge, sheriff, tax commissioner,
coroner
• Many officials are appointed:
– county clerk, fire chief, road supervisor,
emergency management director, attorney,
planning and building inspector, etc.
• Larger counties have more officialsClick to return to Table of Contents.
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City Government
• municipality: a city with its own government
• city receives charter from state legislature
• city charter explains what the city
government can do
– police protection, maintain streets and
sidewalks, license businesses, control traffic,
provide water and sewerage
• some city charters allow for a city-run school
system
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Forms of City Government
• Mayor-Council: most common in Georgia– elected council, elected mayor
– weak-mayor system: mayor has little power, figurehead
– strong-mayor system: mayor has power to run the city, propose budget, can veto council
• Council-Manager– voters elect council members
– mayor may be elected or appointed
– council hires city manager for day-to-day operations of the city
• City Commission– voters elect commissioners
– commissioners form department heads of the city
– mayor chosen by the commissioners
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City-County Government
• some city and county governments merge when
the region becomes more urban
• can reduce the cost of government
• Examples
– Athens-Clarke County
– Columbus-Muskogee County
– Augusta-Richmond County
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Special Purpose Districts
• Created for a specific job or task
• Within certain guidelines, these districts are
self-governing
• Examples
– school districts
– MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit
Authority)
– Public Housing Authority
– Georgia Ports Authority
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Funding Local Government
• Sources of funding include state and federal grants and taxes on citizens
• ad valorem taxes: taxes paid based on the value of the property
• user fees: paid by the user of the service
• sales tax: added to purchases made in the city or county– general purpose local option sales tax: tax for general
use
– special purpose local option sales tax (SPLOST): approved by voters, adds sales tax to fund special projects such as parks or schools
• bond issues: a way for governments to borrow money; interest must be paid on the bonds
Click to return to Table of Contents.
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Citizenship
• If your parents are US citizens or you were born in the US, you have all the rights and protections of the US and Georgia constitutions
• Naturalized citizen: foreigner who chooses to become a US citizen
• Process to become naturalized citizen requires much time and effort
• Responsibilities go along with rights– participation in government (voting, running for office)
– upholding the laws of the nation and state
– defending the nation against enemies
– serve on juries
– serving the communityClick to return to Table of Contents.