A TRVE RELATION of the most prosperous voyage made this present yeere 1605,by Captaine George Waymouth, in the Discouery of the land of Virginia:

Where he discouered 60 miles vp a most excellent Riuer; to|gether with a mostfertile land.

Written by IAMES ROSIER. a Gentleman employed in the voyage.

LONDINI Impensis GEOR. BISHOP. 1605.

TO THE READER.

BEing employed in this Voy|age by the right honourable Thomas Arundell Baron ofWarder, to take due notice, and make true report of the discouery therein performed:I became very diligent to ob|serue (as much as I could) whatsoeuer was materiall orof consequence in the businesse, which I collected into this briefe summe, intendingvpon our returne to pub|lish the same. But he soone changed the course of hisin|tendments; and long before our arriuall in England had so farre engaged himselfewith the Archduke, that he was constrained to relinquish this action. But thecom|modities and profits of the countrey, together with the fitnesse of plantation,being by some honourable Gen|tlemen of good woorth and qualitie, and Merchantsof good sufficiency and iudgement duly considered, haue at their owne charge(intending both their priuate and the common benefit of their countrey) vndertakenthe transporting of a Colony for the plantation thereof; be|ing much encouragedthereunto by the gracious fauour of the KINGS MAIESTY himselfe, and diuersLords of his Highnesse most Honourable Priuie Councell. After these purposeddesignes were concluded, I was a|nimated to publish this briefe Relation, and notbefore; because some forrein Nation (being fully assured of the fruitfulnesse of thecountrie) haue hoped hereby to gaine some knowledge of the place, seeing theycould not al|lure our Captaine or any speciall man of our Company to combine withthem for their direction, nor obtaine their purpose, in conueying away our Saluages,which was busily in practise. And this is the cause that I haue neither written of thelatitude or variation most exactly obserued by our Captaine with sundrieinstruments, which together with his perfect Geographicall Map of the countrey, heentendeth hereafter to set forth. I haue likewise purposedly omitted here to adde acollection of many words in their language to the number of foure or fiue hundred,as also the names of diuers of their gouer|nours, aswell their friends as their enemies;being reser|ued to be made knowen for the benefit of those that shal goe in the nextVoyage. But our particular proceedings in the whole Discouerie, the commodioussituation of the Riuer, the fertilitie of the land, with the profits there to be had, andhere reported, I refer to be verified by the whole Company, as being eye-witnesses ofmy words, and most of them neere inhabitants vpon the Thames. So with my prayersto God for the conuersion of so in|genious and well disposed people, and for theprospe|rous successiue euents of the noble intenders the prose|cution thereof, I rest.

Your friend I. R.

A TRVE RELATION of Captaine George Waymouth his Voyage, made thispresent yeere 1605: in the Discouerie of the North part of Virginia.

VPon Tuesday the 5 day of March, about ten a clocke afore noone, we set saile fromRatcliffe, and came to an anker that tide about two a clocke before Grauesend.

From thence the 10 of March being Sunday at night we anke|red in the Downes: andthere rode til the next day about thrée a clocke after noone, when with a scant windewe set saile; and by reason the winde continued Southwardly, we were bea|ten vpand downe: but on Saturday the 16 day about foure a clocke after noon we put intoDartmouth Hauen, where the continuance of the winde at South & South|westconstrained vs to ride till the last of this moneth. There we shipped some of our men,and supplied necessa|ries for our Ship and Uoyage.

Upon Easter day, being the last of March, [Note: Vpon Easter day we put to sea. ]the winde comming at North-North-East, about fiue a clocke af|ter noone we wayedanker, and put to sea, In the name of God, being well victualled and furnished withmu|nition and all necessaries: [Note: Our Compa|nie 29 per|sons. ] Our wholeCompany be|ing but 29 persons; of whom I may boldly say, few voy|ages haue béenemanned forth with better Sea-men ge|nerally in respect of our small number.

Munday the next day, being the first of Aprill, by sixe a clocke in the morning wewere sixe leagues South-South-East from the Lizarde.

At two a clocke in the afternoone this day, the weather being very faire, our Captainefor his owne experience and others with him sounded, [Note: Sounding. ] and hadsixe and fiftie fa|thoms and a halfe. The sounding was some small blacke perriesand, some reddish sand, a match or two, with small shels called Saint Iames hisShels.

The foureteenth of Aprill being Sunday, betwéene nine and ten of the clocke in themorning our Captaine descried the Iland Cueruo: which bare South-West and byWest, about seuen leagues from vs: by eleuen of the clocke we descried Flores to theSouthward of Cueruo, [Note: We fell with the Ilands of Azores. ] as it lieth: by fourea clocke in the afternoone we brought Cueruo due South from vs within two leaguesof the shore, but we touched not, because the winde was faire, and we thought ourselues sufficiently watered and wooded.

Héere our Captaine obserued the Sunne, and found himselfe in the latitude of 40degrees and 7 minutes: so he iudged the North part of Cueruo to be in 40 degrees.

After we had kept our course about a hundred leagues from the Ilands, by continuallSoutherly windes we were forced and driuen from the Southward, whither we firstintended. And when our Captaine by long bea|ting saw it was but in vaine to striuewith windes, not knowing Gods purposes héerein to our further blessing, (whichafter by his especiall direction wée found) he thought best to stand as nigh as hecould by the winde to recouer what land we might first discouer.

Munday, the 6 of May, being in the latitude of 39 and a halfe about ten a clockeafore noone, we came to a riplin, which we discerned a head our ship, which is a

breach of water caused either by a fall, or by some meeting of cur|rents, which weiudged this to be; for the weather being very faire, and a small gale of winde, wesounded and found no ground in a hundred fathoms.

Munday, the 13 of May, about eleuen a clocke afore noone, our Captaine, iudgingwe were not farre from land, sounded, and had a soft oaze in a hundred and sixtyfathomes. At fowre a clocke after noone we sounded a|gaine, and had the same oazein a hundred fathoms.

From 10 a clocke that night till thrée a clocke in the morning, our Captaine tooke inall sailes and lay at hull, being desirous to fall with the land in the day time, be|causeit was an vnknowen coast, which it pleased God in his mercy to grant vs, otherwisewe had run our ship vpon the hidden rockes and perished all. For when we set sailewe sounded in 100 fathoms: and by eight a clock, hauing not made aboue fiue or sixleagues, our Captaine vpon a sudden change of water (supposing verily he saw thesand) presently sounded, and had but fiue fathoms. Much maruelling because wesaw no land, he sent one to the top, who thence descried a whitish sandy cliffe,which bare West-North-West about six leagues off from vs: but comming néererwithin thrée or fowre leagues, we saw many breaches still néerer the land: at last weespi|ed a great breach a head vs al along the shore, into which before we shouldenter, our Captaine thought best to hoise out his ship boate and sound it. Which if hehad not done, we had béene in great danger: for he bare vp the ship, as néere as hedurst after the boate: vntill Thomas Cam, his mate, being in the boat, called to him totacke about & stand off, for in this breach he had very showld water, two fathomsand lesse vpon rockes, and sometime they supposed they saw the rocke within thréeor fowre foote, whereon the sea made a very strong breach: which we might discerne(from the top) to run along as we sailed by it 6 or 7 leagues to the Southward. Thiswas in the latitude of 41 degrées, 20 minuts: wherefore we were constrained to putbacke againe from the land: and soun|ding, (the weather being very faire and a smallwinde) we found our selues embaied with continuall showldes and rockes in a mostvncertaine ground, from fiue or sixe fathoms, at the next cast of the lead we shouldhaue 15 & 18 fathoms. Ouer many which we passed, and God so blessed vs, that wehad wind and weather as faire as poore men in this distresse could wish: whereby weboth perfectly discerned euery breach, and with the winde were able to turne, wherewe saw most hope of safest pas|sage· Thus we parted from the land, which we hadnot so much before desired, and at the first sight reioiced, as now we all ioifullypraised God, that it had pleased him to deliuer vs from so imminent danger.

Héere we found great store of excellent Cod fish, and saw many Whales, as we haddone two or three daies before.

We stood off all that night, and the next day being Wednesday; but the wind stillcontinuing betwéen the points of South South-West, and West-South-West: so as wecould not make any way to the Southward, in regard of our great want of water andwood (which was now spent) we much desired land, and therefore sought for it,where the wind would best suffer vs to refresh our selues.

Thursday, the 16 of May, we stood in directly with the land, and much maruelled wedescried it not, wherein we found our sea charts very false, putting land where none

is.

Friday, the 17 of May, about sixe a clocke at night we descried the land, which barefrom vs North-North-East; but because it blew a great gale of winde, the sea veryhigh, and néere night, not fit to come vpon an vn|knowen coast, we stood off till twoa clocke in the mor|ning, being Saturday: then standing in with it againe, we descriedit by eight a clocke in the morning, bearing North-East from vs. [Note: Thedescrip|tion of the Iland. ] It appeared a meane high land, as we after found it, beingbut an Iland of some six miles in compasse, but I hope the most fortunate euer yetdisco|uered. About twelue a clocke that day, we came to an anker on the North sideof this Iland, about a league from the shore. About two a clocke our Captaine withtwelue men rowed in his ship-boat to the shore, where we made no long stay, butladed our boat with dry wood of olde trées vpon the shore side, and returned to ourship, where we rode that night.

This Iland is woody, growen with Firre, Birch, Oke and Béech, as farre as we sawalong the shore; and so likely to be within. On the verge grow Gooseberries,Strawberries, Wild pease, and Wild-rose bushes. The water issued foorth downe theRocky cliffes in many pla|ces: and much fowle of diuers kinds bréed vpon the shoreand rocks.

While we were at shore, our men aboord with a few hooks got aboue thirty greatCods and Hadocks, which gaue vs a taste of the great plenty of fish which we foundafterward wheresoeuer we went vpon the coast.

From hence we might discerne the maine land from the West-South-West to theEast-North-East, and a great way (as it then séemed, and as we after found it) vp intothe maine we might discerne very high moun|taines, though the maine séemed butlow land; which gaue vs a hope it would please God to direct vs to the discouerie ofsome good; although wée were driuen by winds farre from that place, whither (bothby our directi|on and desire) we euer intended to shape the course of our voyage.

The next day, being Whit-Sunday; because we rode too much open to the sea andwindes, we weyed anker a|bout twelue a clocke, and came along to the other Ilandsmore adioyning to the maine, and in the rode directly with the mountaines, aboutthrée leagues from the first Iland where we had ankered.

When we came néere vnto them (sounding all along in a good depth) our Captainemanned his ship-boat and sent her before with Thomas Cam one of his Mates, whomhe knew to be of good experience, to sound & search betweene the Ilands for a placesafe for our shippe to ride in; in the meane while we kept aloofe at sea, hauing giuenthem in the boat a token to weffe in the ship, if he found a conuenient Harbour;which it pleased God to send vs, farre beyond our expectation, in a most safe birthdefen|ded from all windes, in an excellent depth of water for ships of any burthen, insix, seuen, eight, nine, and ten fa|thoms vpon a clay oaze very tough.

We all with great ioy praised God for his vnspeaka|ble goodnesse, who had from soapparent danger deliuered vs, & directed vs vpon this day into so secure an Harbour:in remembrance wherof we named it Pentecost-harbor, [Note: Whitsund[...]y. ] wearriuing there that day out of our last Harbor in Eng|land, from whence we set saile

vpon Easterday.

About foure a clocke, after we were ankered and well mored, our Captaine withhalfe a dozen of our Company went on shore to séeke fresh watering, and aconuenient place to set together a pinnesse, which we brought in pie|ces out ofEngland: both which we found very fitting.

Upon this Iland, as also vpon the former, we found (at our first comming to shore)where fire had béene made: and about the place were very great egge shelles biggerthan goose egges, fish bones, and as we iudged, the bones of some beast.

Héere we espied Cranes stalking on the shore of a little Iland adioyning; [Note:Cranes. ] where we after saw they vsed to bréed.

Whitsun-munday, the 20 day of May, very early in the morning, our Captaine causedthe pieces of the pin|nesse to be carried a shore, where while some were busied abouther, others digged welles to receiue the fresh wa|ter, which we found issuing downeout of the land in ma|ny places. Héere I can not omit (for foolish feare of im|putationof flattery) the painfull industry of our Cap|taine, who as at sea he is alwayes mostcarefull and vi|gilant, so at land he refuseth no paines; but his labour was euer asmuch or rather more than any mans: which not only encourageth others with bettercontent, but al|so effecteth much with great expedition.

In digging we found excellent clay for bricke or tile.

The next day we finished a well of good and holesome cléere water in a great emptycaske, which we left there. We cut yards, waste trées, and many necessaries for ourship, while our Carpenter and Cooper laboured to fit and furnish forth the shallop.

This day our boat went out about a mile from our ship, [Note: We fished. ] and insmall time with two or thrée hooks was fish|ed sufficiently for our whole Companythrée dayes, with great Cod, Haddocke, and Thornebacke.

And towards night we drew with a small net of twen|ty fathoms very nigh the shore:[Note: Abundance of many good fishes. ] we got about thirty ve|ry good and greatLobsters, many Rockfish, some Plaise, and other small fishes, and fishes calledLumpes, verie pleasant to the taste: and we generally obserued, that all the fish, ofwhat kinde soeuer we tooke, were well fed, fat, and swéet in taste.

Wednesday, the 22 of May, we felled and cut wood for our ships vse, cleansed andscoured our wels, and dig|ged a plot of ground, wherein, amongst some gardenséeds, we sowed peaze and barley, [Note: Corne sowed. ] which in sixtéen dayesgrew eight inches aboue ground; and so continued growing euery day halfe an inch,although this was but the crust of the ground, and much inferior to the mould weafter found in the maine.

Friday, the 24 of May, after we had made an end of cutting wood, and carying wateraboord our shippe, with fouretéene Shot and Pikes we marched about and tho|rowpart of two of the Ilands; the bigger of which we iudged to be foure or fiue miles incompasse, and a mile broad.

The profits and fruits which are naturally on these Ilands are these:

[Note: The fruits of the Ilands. ] All along the shore and some space within,where the wood hindereth not, grow plentifully

Rasberries.

Gooseberries.

Strawberries.

Roses.

Currants.

Wild vines.

Angelica.

Within the Ilands growe wood of sundry sorts, some very great, and all tall:

Birch.

Béech.

Ash.

Maple.

Spruce.

Cherry-trée.

Yew.

Oke very great and good.

Firre-trée, out of which issueth Turpentine in so maruellous plenty, and so sweet,as our Chirurgeon and others affirmed they neuer saw so good in England.We pulled off much Gumme congea|led on the outside of the barke, whichsmelled like Frank|incense. This would be a great benefit for making Tarreand Pitch.

We stayed the longer in this place, not only because of our good Harbour (which isan excellent comfort) but be|cause euery day we did more and more discouer theplea|sant fruitfulnesse; insomuch as many of our Companie wished themselues setledhéere, not expecting any further hopes, or better discouery to be made.

Héere our men found abundance of great muscels a|mong the rocks; and in some ofthem many small Pearls: and in one muscell (which we drew vp in our net) wasfound fouretéene Pearles, [Note: Pearle. ] whereof one of prety bignesse and orient:in another aboue fiftie small Pearles: and if we had had a Drag, no doubt we hadfound some of great valew, séeing these did certainly shew, that héere they werebred: the shels all glistering with mother of Pearle.

Wednesday, the 29 day, our shallop being now finish|ed, and our Captaine and menfurnished to depart with hir from the ship: [Note: A Crosse erected. ] we set vp acrosse on the shore side vpon the rockes.

Thursday, the 30 of May, about ten a clock afore noon, our Captaine with 13 men

more, in the name of God, and with all our praiers for their prosperous discouerie,and safe returne, departed in the shallop: leauing the ship in a good harbour, whichbefore I mentioned, well mored, and manned with 14 men.

This day, about fiue a clocke in the afternoone, [Note: The Saluages came first to vs.] we in the shippe espied thrée Canoas comming towards vs, which went to the ilandadioining, where they went a shore, and very quickly had made a fire, about whichthey stood beholding our ship: to whom we made signes with our hands and hats,weffing vnto them to come vnto vs, because we had not séene any of the people yet.They sent one Canoa with thrée men, one of which, when they came néere vnto vs,spake in his language very lowd and very boldly: séeming as though he would knowwhy we were there, and by pointing with his oare towards the sea, we coniectured hement we should be gone. But when we shewed them kniues and their vse, by cuttingof stickes and other trifles, as combs and glas|ses, they came close aboard our ship,as desirous to enter|taine our friendship. To these we gaue such things as weperceiued they liked, when wée shewed them the vse: bracelets, rings, peacockefeathers, which they stucke in their haire, and Tabacco pipes. After their departure totheir company on the shore, presently came foure o|ther in another Canoa: to whomwe gaue as to the for|mer, vsing them with as much kindnes as we could.

The shape of their body is very proportionable, they are wel countenanced, not verytal nor big, but in stature like to vs: [Note: Three sorts of colours of painting. ] theypaint their bodies with blacke, their fa|ces, some with red, some with blacke, andsome with blew.

Their clothing is Beauers skins, or Deares skins, cast ouer them like a mantle, andhanging downe to their knées, made fast together vpon the shoulder with leather:some of them had sleeues, [Note: Their clo|thing and buskins. ] most had none:some had bus|kins of such leather tewed: they haue besides a péece of Beauers skinbetwéene their legs, made fast about their waste, to couer their priuities.

They suffer no haire to grow on their faces, but on their head very long and veryblacke, which those that haue wiues, binde vp behinde with a leather string, in a longround knot.

They seemed all very ciuill and merrie: shewing to|kens of much thankefulnesse, forthose things we gaue them. We found them then (as after) a people of excée|dinggood inuention, quicke vnderstanding and readie capacitie.

[Note: Their boats. ] Their Canoas are made without any iron, of the bark of a birchtrée, strengthened within with ribs and hoops of wood, in so good fashion, with suchexcellent ingenious art, as they are able to beare seuen or eight persons, farexcéeding any in the Indies.

One of their Canoas came not to vs, wherein we imagined their women were: ofwhom they are (as all Saluages) very iealous.

When I signed vnto them they should goe sléepe, be|cause it was night, theyvnderstood presently, and poin|ted that at the shore, right against our ship, theywould stay all night: as they did.

The next morning very early, came one Canoa abord vs againe with thrée Saluages,whom we easily then enticed into our ship, and vnder the decke: where we gauethem porke, fish, bread and pease, all which they did eat: and this I noted, theywould eat nothing raw, either fish or flesh. They maruelled much and much loo|kedvpon the making of our canne and kettle, so they did at a head-péece and at our guns,of which they are most fearefull, and would fall flat downe at the report of them. Attheir departure I signed vnto them, that if they would bring me such skins as theyware I would giue them kniues, and such things as I saw they most liked, which thechiefe of them promised to do by that time the Sunne should be beyond the middestof the firmament; this I did to bring them to an vnderstanding of exchange, and thatthey might conceiue the intent of our comming to them to be for no other end.

About 10 a clocke this day we descried our Shallop returning toward vs, which sosoone as we espied, we certainly coniectured our Captaine had found somevnex|pected harbour, further vp towards the maine to bring the ship into, or someriuer; knowing his determination and resolution, not so suddenly else to make return:which when they came néerer they expressed by shooting vol|leies of shot; and whenthey were come within Musket shot, they gaue vs a volley and haled vs, then we inthe shippe gaue them a great péece and haled them.

Thus we welcomed them, who gladded vs excéeding|ly with their ioifull relation oftheir happie discouerie, which shall appeare in the sequele. And we likewise gauethem cause of mutuall ioy with vs, in discoursing of the kinde ciuility we found in apeople, where we little expected any sparke of humanity.

Our Captaine had in this small time discouered vp a great riuer, trending alongst intothe maine about forty miles. The pleasantnesse whereof, with the safety of harbourfor shipping, together with the fertility of ground and other fruits, which weregenerally by his whole company related, I omit, till I report of the whole disco|uerytherein after performed. For by the breadth, depth and strong flood, imagining it torun far vp into the land, he with spéed returned, intending to flanke his lighthors|man for arrowes, least it might happen that the further part of the riuer shouldbe narrow, and by that meanes subiect to the volley of Saluages on either side out ofthe woods.

Untill his returne, our Captaine left on shoare where he landed in a path (whichséemed to be frequented) a pipe, a brooch and a knife, thereby to know if theSaluages had recourse that way, because they could at that time see none of them,[Note: Trifles left on shore. ] but they were taken away before our re|turne thither.

I returne now to our Saluages, who according to their appointment about one aclocke, came with 4 Ca|noas to the shoare of the iland right ouer against vs, wherethey had lodged the last night, and sent one Canoa to vs with two of those Saluages,who had beene a bord, and another, who then seemed to haue command of them: forthough we perceiued their willingnesse, yet he would not permit them to comeabord: but he hauing viewed vs and our ship, signed that he would go to the rest ofthe company and returne againe. Presently after their de|parture it began to raine, andcontinued all that after|noone, so as they could not come to vs with their skins and

furs, nor we go to them. But after an howre or there about, the thrée which had beenewith vs before came a|gaine, whom we had to our fire and couered them with ourgownes. Our Captaine bestowed a shirt vpon him, whom we thought to be theirchiefe, who séemed neuer to haue séene any before; we gaue him a brooch to hangabout his necke, a great knife, and lesser kniues to the two other, and to euery one ofthem a combe and glasse, the vse whereof we shewed them: whereat they laughedand tooke gladly; we victualled them, and gaue them aqua vitae, which they tasted,but would by no meanes drinke; our beueridge they liked well, we gaue them SugarCan|dy, which after they had tasted they liked and desired more, and raisons whichwere giuen them; and some of euery thing they would reserue to carry to theircompa|ny. Wherefore we pittying their being in the raine, and therefore not able toget themselues victuall (as we thought) we gaue them bread and fish.

Thus because we found the land a place answereable to the intent of our discouery,[Note: The intent of our kind vsage of the Salua|ges. ] viz. fit for any nation toin|habit, we vsed the people with as great kindnes as we could deuise, or found themcapable of.

The next day, being Saturday and the first of Iune, [Note: We traded with theSaluages. ] I traded with the Saluages all the fore-noone vpon the shore, where wereeight and twenty of them: and because our ship rode nigh, we were but fiue or sixe:where for kniues, glasses, combes and other trifles to the valew of foure or fiueshillings, we had 40 good Beauers skins, Otters skins, Sables, and other small skins,which we knewe not how to call. Our trade being ended, ma|ny of them came abordvs, and did eat by our fire, and would be verie merrie and bold, in regard of ourkinde vsage of them. Towards night our Captaine went on shore, to haue a draughtwith the Sein or Net. And we carried two of them with vs, who maruelled to sée vscatch fish with a net. Most of that we caught we gaue them and their company. Thenon the shore I learned the names of diuers things of them: and when they per|ceiuedme to note them downe, they would of themselues, fetch fishes, and fruit bushes, andstand by me to sée me write their names.

Our Captaine shewed them a strange thing which they woondred at. His sword andmine hauing béene touched with the Loadstone, tooke vp a knife, and held it fastwhen they plucked it away, made the knife turne, being laid on a blocke, andtouching it with his sword, made that take vp a néedle, whereat they muchmaruel|led. This we did to cause them to imagine some great power in vs: and forthat to loue and feare vs.

When we went on shore to trade with them, [Note: Their Bowes and Arrowes. ] inone of their Canoas I saw their bowes and arrowes, which I tooke vp and drew anarrow in one of them, which I found to be of strength able to carry an arrow fiue orsixe score stronglie: and one of them tooke it and drew as we draw our bowes, notlike the Indians. Their bow is made of Wich Hazell, and some of Béech in fashionmuch like our bowes, [Note: Their Bowes. ] but they want nocks, onely a string ofleather put through a hole at one end, and made fast with a knot at the other. [Note:Arrowes. ] Their arrowes are made of the same wood, some of Ash, big and long,with thrée feathers tied on, and nocked very artificiallie: headed with the long shanke

bone of a Déere, made very sharpe with two fangs in manner of a harping iron. Theyhaue likewise Darts, [Note: Their Darts. ] headed with like bone, one of which Idarted a|mong the rockes, and it brake not. These they vse very cunningly, to killfish, fowle and beasts.

Our Captaine had two of them at supper with vs in his cabbin to sée theirdemeanure, and had them in pre|sence at seruice: who behaued themselues veryciuilly, neither laughing nor talking all the time, and at supper fed not like men ofrude education, neither would they eat or drinke more than séemed to content nature;they desired pease to carry a shore to their women, which we gaue them, with fishand bread, and lent them pewter dishes, which they carefully brought againe.

In the euening another boat came to them on the shore, [Note: Tabacco excellent. ]and because they had some Tabacco, which they brought for their owne vse, theother came for vs, making signe what they had, and offered to carry some of vs intheir boat, but foure or fiue of vs went with them in our owne boat: when we cameon shore they gaue vs the best welcome they could, spreading fallow Déeres skinsfor vs to sit on the ground by their fire, and gaue vs of their Tabacco in our pipes,which was excellent, and so gene|rally commended of vs all to be as good as any weeuer tooke, being the simple leafe without any composition, strong, and of sweettaste: they gaue vs some to carry to our Captaine, whom they called our Bashabes:neither did they require any thing for it, but we would not re|ceiue any thing fromthem without remuneration.

Héere we saw foure of their women, who stood behind them, as desirous to sée vs,but not willing to be seene: for before, whensoeuer we came on shore, they retiredinto the woods, whether it were in regard of their owne natu|rall modestie, beingcouered only as the men with the foresaid Beauers skins, [Note: The descripti|on oftheir Women and Children. ] or by the commanding iealously of their husbands,which we rather suspected, because it is an inclination much noted to be in Saluages;wherfore we would by no meanes séeme to take any speciall notice of them. Theywere very well fauoured in proportion of countenance, though coloured blacke, lowof stature, and fat, bare headed as the men, wearing their haire long: they had twolittle male children of a yéere and half old, as we iudged, very fat and of goodcountenances, which they loue tenderly, all naked, except their legs, which werecouered with thin leather buskins tewed, fa|stened with strops to a girdle about theirwaste, which they girde very streight, and is decked round about with little roundpéeces of red Copper; to these I gaue chaines and bracelets, glasses, and other trifles,which the Sal|uages seemed to accept in great kindnesse.

At our comming away, we would haue had those two that supped with vs, to goabord and sléepe, as they had promised: but it appeared their company would notsuf|fer them. Whereat we might easily perceiue they were much gréeued: but notlong after our departure, they came with thrée more to our ship, signing to vs, that ifone of our company would go lie on shore with them, they would stay with vs. ThenOwen Griffin (one of the two we were to leaue in the Country, if we had thought itnéedfull or conuenient) went with them in their Canoa, and 3 of them staied abordevs, whom our whole compa|ny very kindly vsed. Our Captaine saw their lodging

prouided, and them lodged in an old saile vpon the Orlop; and because they muchfeared our dogs, they were tied vp whensoeuer any of them came abord vs.

Owen Griffin, which lay on the shore, reported vnto me their maner, [Note: Theceremo|nies of y Sal|uages in their idolatry. ] and (as I may terme them) thee

ceremo|nies of their idolatry: which they performe thus. One a|mong them (the eldestof the Company, as he iudged) ri|seth right vp, the other sitting still, and lookingabout, sud|denly cried with a loud voice, Baugh, Waugh: then the women fall downe,and lie vpon the ground, and the men all together answering the same, fall astamping round a|bout the fire with both féet, as hard as they can, making the groundshake, with sundry out-cries, and change of voice and sound. Many take the fire-sticks and thrust them into the earth, and then rest awhile: of a sudden be|ginning asbefore, they continue so stamping, till the yon|ger sort fetched from the shore manystones, of which eue|ry man tooke one, and first beat vpon them with their fire sticks,then with the stones beat the earth with all their strength. And in this maner (as hereported) they continu|ed aboue two houres.

[Note: They lie with their wiues secretly. ] After this ended, they which haue wiuestake them a|part, and withdraw themselues seuerally into the wood all night.

The next morning, assoone as they saw the Sunne rise, they pointed to him to comewith them to our shippe: and hauing receiued their men from vs, they came with fiueor sixe of their Canoas and Company houering about our ship: to whom (because itwas the Sabbath day) I signed they should depart, and at the next Sun rising wewould goe along with them to their houses: which they vnder|stood (as we thought)and departed, some of their Canoas coursing about the Iland, and the other directlytowards the maine.

This day, about fiue a clocke after noone, came thrée other Canoas from the maine,of which some had béene with vs before; and they came aboord vs, and brought vsTabacco, which we tooke with them in their pipes, which were made of earth, verystrong, blacke, and short, contai|ning a great quantity: some Tabacco they gaue vntoour Captaine, and some to me, in very ciuill kind maner. We requited them withbread and peaze, which they caried to their Company on shore, séeming verythankefull. After supper they returned with their Canoa to fetch vs a shore to takeTabacco with them there; with whom six or seuen of vs went, and caried sometrifles, if peraduenture they had any trucke, among which I caried some few biskets,to try if they would exchange for them, séeing they so well liked to eat them. Whenwe came at shore, they most kindly entertained vs, taking vs by the hands, as theyhad obserued we did to them aboord, in token of welcome, and brought vs to sitdowne by their fire, where sat together thirtéene of them. They filled their Tabaccopipe, which was then the short claw of a Lobster, which will hold ten of our pipesfull, and we dranke of their excellent Tabac|co as much as we would with them; butwe saw not any great quantity to trucke for; and it séemed they had not much left ofold, for they spend a great quantity yéerely by their continuall drinking: and theywould signe vnto vs, that it was growen yet but a foot aboue ground, and would beaboue a yard high, with a leafe as broad as both their hands. They often would (bypointing to one part of the maine Eastward) signe vnto vs, that their Bashabes (that

is, their King) had great plenty of Furres, and much Ta|bacco. [Note: The dwelling ofBashabes is Eastward fro~ y great Riuer. ] When we had sufficiently taken Tabaccoe

with them, I shewed some of our trifles for trade; but they made signe that they hadthere nothing to exchange; for (as I after conceiued) they had béene fishing andfowling, and so came thither to lodge that night by vs: for when we were ready tocome away, they shewed vs great cups made very wittily of barke, in forme almostsquare, full of a red berry about the bignesse of a bullis, [Note: A red berrie whichthey feede on. ] which they did eat, and gaue vs by handfuls; of which (though I likednot the taste) yet I kept some, because I would by no meanes but accept theirkindnesse. They shewed me like|wise a great piece of fish, whereof I tasted, and itwas fat like Porpoise; and another kinde of great scaly fish, broi|led on the coales,much like white Salmon, which the Frenchmen call Aloza, for these they would hauehad bread; which I refused, because in maner of exchange, I would alwayes make thegreatest estéeme I could of our commodities whatsoeuer; although they saw aboordour Captaine was liberall to giue them, to the end we might allure them still tofrequent vs. Then they shewed me foure yoong Goslings, [Note: We had yongGoslings of the Saluages. ] for which they required foure bis|kets, but I offered themtwo; which they tooke and were well content.

At our departure they made signe, that if any of vs would stay there on shore, someof them would go lie aboord vs: at which motion two of our Company stayed withthem, and thrée of the Saluages lodged with vs in maner as the night before.

[Note: Iune 3. ] Early the next morning, being Munday the third of Iune, when theyhad brought our men aboord, they came about our ship, earnestly by signes desiringthat we would go with them along to the maine, for that there they had Furres andTabacco to traffique with vs. Wherefore our Captaine manned the light-horsemanwith as many men as he could well, which were about fiftéene with rowers and all;and we went along with them. Two of their Canoas they sent away before, and theywhich lay aboord vs all night, kept company with vs to direct vs.

This we noted as we went along, they in their Canoa with thrée oares, [Note: TheirCanoa outrowed vs. ] would at their will go ahead of vs and a|bout vs, when werowed with eight oares strong; such was their swiftnesse, by reason of the lightnesseand artifi|ciall composition of their Canoa and oares.

When we came néere the point where we saw their fires, where they intended toland, and where they ima|gined some few of vs would come on shore with ourmer|chandize, as we had accustomed before; when they had often numbred our menvery diligently, they scoured a|way to their Campany, not doubting we would hauefol|lowed them. But when we perceiued this, and knew not either their intents, ornumber of Saluages on the shore, our Captaine, after consultation, stood off, andwef[...]ed them to vs, determining that I should go on shore first to take a view ofthem, and what they had to traffique: if he, whom at our first sight of them séemed tobe of most respect a|mong them, and being then in the Canoa, would stay as a pawnefor me. When they came to vs (notwithstan|ding all our former courtesies) he vtterlyrefused; but would leaue a yoong Saluage: and for him our Captaine sent Griffin intheir Canoa, while we lay hulling a little off. Griffin at his returne reported, they had

there assem|bled together, as he numbred them, [Note: 283 Saluages. ] two hundredeighty thrée Saluages, euery one his bowe and arrowes, with their dogges, andwolues which they kéepe tame at com|mand, and not any thing to exchange at all;but would haue drawen vs further vp into a little narrow nooke of a riuer, for theirFurres, as they pretended.

These things considered, we began to ioyne them in the ranke of other Saluages, whohaue béene by trauel|lers in most discoueries found very trecherous: neuerat|tempting mischiefe, vntill by some remisnesse, fit opportu|nity affoordeth themcertaine ability to execute the same. Wherefore after good aduice taken, wedetermined so soone as we could to take some of them, least (being suspiti|ous wehad discouered their plots) they should absent themselues from vs.

Tuesday, the fourth of Iune, [Note: Fish in the Harbour. ] our men tooke Cod andHadocke with hooks by our ship side, and Lobsters very great: which before we hadnot tried.

About eight a clocke this day we went on shore with our boats, to fetch aboord waterand wood, our Captaine leauing word with the Gunner in the shippe, by dischar|ginga musket, to giue notice if they espied any Canoa comming: which they did about tena clocke. He there|fore being carefull they should be kindly entreated, reque|sted meto go aboord, intending with dispatch to make what haste after he possibly could.When I came to the ship, there were two Canoas, and in either of them thréeSaluages; of whom two were below at the fire, the o|ther staied in their Canoas aboutthe ship; and because we could not entice them abord, we gaue them a Canne ofpease and bread, which they carried to the shore to eat. But one of them broughtbacke our Canne presently and staid abord with the other two; for he being yoong, ofa ready capacity, and one we most desired to bring with vs into England, hadreceiued excéeding kinde vsage at our hands, and was therefore much delighted inour compa|ny. When our Captaine was come, we consulted how to catch the otherthrée at shore, which we performed thus.

[Note: Our manner of taking the Saluages. ] We manned the light horseman with 7or 8 men, one standing before carried our box of Marchandise, as we were woontwhen I went to traffique with them, and a platter of pease, which meat they loued:but before we were landed, one of them (being too suspitiously fearefull of his ownegood) withdrew himselfe into the wood. The other two met vs on the shore side, toreceiue the pease, with whom we went vp the Cliffe to their fire and sate downe withthem, and whiles we were discussing how to catch the third man who was gone, Iopened the box, and shewed them trifles to exchange, thinking thereby to hauebanisht feare from the other, and drawen him to re|turne: but when we could not, wevsed little delay, but suddenly laid hands vpon them. And it was as much as fiue orsixe of vs could doe to get them into the light horse|man. For they were strong and sonaked as our best hold was by their long haire on their heads: and we would hauebéene very loath to haue done them any hurt, which of necessity we had béeneconstrained to haue done if we had attempted them in a multitude, which we mustand would, [Note: We caught fiue Saluages, two Canoas, and their bowes andarrowes. ] rather than haue wanted them, being a matter of great importance for the

full accomplement of our voy|age.

Thus we shipped fiue Saluages, two Canoas, with all their bowes and arrowes.

The next day we made an end of getting our wood a|boord, and filled our emptycaske with water.

Thursday, the 6 of Iune, we spent in bestowing the Canoas vpon the orlop safe fromhurt, because they were subiect to breaking, which our Captaine was carefull topreuent.

Saturday, the eight of Iune (our Captaine being de|sirous to finish all businesse aboutthis harbour) very ear|ly in the morning, with the light horseman, coasted fiue or sixeleagues about the Ilands adioining, and sounded all along wheresoeuer we went. Helikewise diligently searched the mouth of the Harbour, and about the rocks whichshew themselues at all times, and are an excellent breach of the water, [Note:Sounded a|bout the rocks and mouth of the Harbour. ] so as no Sea can come in tooffend the Harbour. This he did to instruct himselfe, and there|by able to directothers that shall happen to come to this place. For euery where both néere the rocks,& in all soun|dings about the Ilands, we neuer found lesse water than foure and fiuefathoms, which was seldome; but seuen, eight, nine and ten fathoms is the continuallsounding by the shore. In some places much déeper vpon clay oaze or soft sand: sothat if any bound for this place, should be ei|ther driuen or scanted with winds, heshall be able (with his directions) to recouer safely his harbour most securely inwater enough by foure seuerall passages, more their which I thinke no man ofiudgement will desire as necessarie.

Upon one of the Ilands (because it had a pleasant san|dy Coue for small barks to ridein) we landed, and found hard by the shore a pond of fresh water, [Note: A Ponde offresh Water. ] which flowed o|uer the banks, somewhat ouergrowen with little shrubtrées, and searching vp in the Iland, we saw it fed with a strong run, which withsmall labour, and little time, might be made to driue a mill. In this Iland, as in theother, were spruce trees of excellent timber and height, able to mast ships of greatburthen.

While we thus sounded from one place to another in so good déepes, our Captaine tomake some triall of the fishing himselfe, caused a hooke or two to be cast out at themouth of the harbour, [Note: Great plenty of Cod fish. ] not aboue halfe a leaguefrom our ship, where in small time only, with the baits which they cut from the fishand thrée hooks, we got fish enough for our whole Company (though nowaugmented) for three daies. Which I omit not to report, because it sheweth how greata profit the fishing would be, they being so plentifull, so great, and so good, withsuch conuenient dry|ing as can be wished, néere at hand vpon the Rocks.

This day, about one a clocke after noone, came from the Eastward two Canoas abordvs, wherein was he that refused to stay with vs for a pawne, and with him six otherSaluages which we had not séene before, who had beautified themselues after theirmanner very gal|lantly, though their clothing was not differing from the former, yetthey had newly painted their faces very déep, some all blacke, some red, with stripesof excellent blew ouer their vpper lips, [Note: Their orna|ments of gal|lantnesse. ]

nose and chin. One of them ware a kinde of Coronet about his head, made verycunningly, of a substance like stiffe haire coloured red, broad, and more then ahandfull in depth, which we imagined to be some ensigne of his superioritie: for heso much estéemed it as he would not for any thing exchange the same. O|ther warethe white feathered skins of some fowle, round about their head, iewels in theireares, and bracelets of little white round bone, fastned together vpon a leather string.These made not any shew that they had notice of the other before taken, but wevnderstood them by their spéech and signes, that they came sent from the Bashabes,and that his desire was that we would bring vp our ship (which they call as theirowne boats, a Quiden) to his house, being, as they pointed, vpon the main towardsthe East, from whence they came, and that he would ex|change with vs for Furresand Tabacco. But because our Company was but small, and now our desire was withspéed to discouer vp the riuer, we let them vnder|stand, that if their Bashabes wouldcome to vs, he should be welcome, but we would not remoue to him. Which whenthey vnderstood (receiuing of vs bread and fish, and euery of them a knife) theydeparted; for we had then no will to stay them long abord, least they should discouerthe other Saluages which we had stowed below.

Tuesday, the 11 of Iune, [Note: We went vp with our ship into the Ri|uer. ] wepassed vp into the riuer with our ship, about six and twenty miles. Of which I hadrather not write, then by my relation to detract from the worthinesse thereof. For theRiuer, besides that it is subiect by shipping to bring in all traffiques of Marchan|dise,a benefit alwaies accounted the richest treasury to any land: for which cause ourThames hath that due de|nomination, and France by her nauigable Riuers recei|uethhir greatest wealth; yet this place of it selfe from God and nature affoordeth as muchdiuersitie of good commodities, as any reasonable man can wish, for pre|senthabitation and planting.

The first and chiefest thing required, is a bold coast and faire land to fall with; thenext, a safe harbour for ships to ride in.

The first is a speciall attribute to this shore, being most frée from sands or dangerousrocks in a continuall good depth, with a most excellent land-fall, which is the firstI|land we fell with, named by vs, Saint Georges Iland. For the second, by iudgementof our Captaine, who knoweth most of the coast of England, and most of otherCountries, [Note: The profits of the Riuer. ] (hauing béene experienced byimployments in discoueries and trauels from his childhood) and by opi|nion of othersof good iudgement in our shippe, héere are more good harbours for ships of allburthens, than Eng|land can affoord, and far more secure from all winds andweathers, than any in England, Scotland, France or Spaine. For besides without theRiuer in the channell, and sounds about the ilands adioining to the mouth ther|of, nobetter riding can be desired for an infinite number of ships. The Riuer it selfe as itrunneth vp into the main very nigh forty miles toward the great mountaines, [Note:The breadth of the Riuer. ] bea|reth in bredth a mile, sometime thrée quarters, andhalfe a mile is the narrowest, where you shall neuer haue vn|der 4 and 5 fathomswater hard by the shore, but 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 fathoms all along, and on both sideseuery halfe mile very gallant Coues, some able to conteine almost a hundred sails,

[Note: The ground soft oaze and clay. ] where the ground is excellent soft oaze witha tough clay vnder for anker hold, and where ships may ly without either Cable orAnker, only mored to the shore with a Hauser.

[Note: What flowe of water. ] It floweth by their iudgement eightéen or twenty footat high water.

[Note: Dockes to graue and ca|rine ships. ] Heere are made by nature most excellentplaces, as Docks to graue or Carine ships of all burthens: secured from all windes,which is such a necessary incomparable benefit, that in few places in England, or inany parts of Christendome, art, with great charges, can make the like.

[Note: The Land. ] Besides, the bordering land is a most rich neighbour trending allalong on both sides, in an equall plaine, nei|ther mountainous nor rocky, but vergedwith a gréene bordure of grasse, doth make tender vnto the beholder of hir pleasantfertility, if by clensing away the woods she were conuerted into meddow.

[Note: The wood. ] The wood she beareth is not shrubbish fit only for few|ell, butgoodly tall Firre, Spruce, Birch, Béech, Oke, which in many places is not so thicke,but may with small labour be made féeding ground, being plentifull like the outwardIlands with fresh water, which strea|meth downe in many places.

As we passed with a gentle winde vp with our ship in this Riuer, any man mayconceiue with what admirati|on we all consented in ioy. Many of our Company whohad béene trauellers in sundry countries, and in the most famous Riuers, yet affirmedthem not comparable to this they now beheld. Some that were with Sir WalterRa|legh in his voyage to Guiana, in the discouery of the Ri|uer Orenoque, whichechoed fame to the worlds eares, [Note: This riuer preferred be|fore Ore|noque· andwhy. ] gaue reasons why it was not to be compared with this, which wanteth thedangers of many Shoules, and bro|ken ground, wherewith that was incombred.Others be|fore that notable Riuer in the West Indies called Rio Grande; some beforethe Riuer of Loyer, the Riuer Seine, and of Burdeaux in France; which although theybe great and grodly Riuers, yet it is no detraction from them to be accountedinferiour to this, which not only yeeldeth all the foresaid pleasant profits, but alsoappeared infallibly to vs free from all inconueniences.

I will not prefer it before our riuer of Thames, because it is Englands richesttreasure; but we all did wish those excellent Harbours, good déeps in a continuallconuenient breadth, and small tide gates, to be aswell therein for our countries good,as we found the~ here (beyond our hopes) in certaine, for those to whom it shallplease God to grant this land for habitation; which if it had, with the otherinseparable adherent commodities here to be found; then I would boldly affirme it tobe the most rich, beautifull, large & secure harbouring riuer that the worldaffoordeth.

Wednesday, the twelfth of Iune, our Captaine manned his light-horseman with 17men, and ranne vp from the ship riding in the riuer vp to the codd· thereof, where welanded, leauing six to kéepe the light-horseman till our re|turne. Ten of vs with ourshot, and some armed, with a boy to carry powder and match, marched vp into thecountrey towards the mountaines, which we descried at our first falling with the

land. Unto some of them the ri|uer brought vs so néere, as we iudged our selueswhen we landed to haue beene within a league of them: but we marched vp aboutfoure miles in the maine, [Note: We marched vp into y land about 4 miles. ] ande

pas|sed ouer thrée hilles: and because the weather was par|ching hot, and our men intheir armour not able to trauel farre and returne that night to our ship, we resoluednot to passe any further, being all very weary of so tedious and laboursom a trauell.

[Note: Good pasture ] In this march we passed ouer very good ground, plea|sant andfertile, fit for pasture, for the space of some thrée miles, hauing but little wood, andthat Oke like stands left in our pastures in England, good and great, fit timber forany vse. Some small Birch, Hazle and Brake, which might in small time with fewmen be cleansed and made good arable land: but as it now is will féed cattell of allkindes with fodder enough for Summer and Winter. The soile is blacke, bearingsundry hearbs, grasse, and strawberries bigger than ours in England. In many placesare lowe Thicks like our Copisses of small yoong wood. And surely it did allresemble a stately Parke, wherein appeare some old trées with high withered tops,and other flourishing with liuing gréene boughs. Upon the hilles grow notable hightimber trées, masts for ships of 400 tun: and at the bottome of euery hill, a little runof fresh water: but the furthest and last we passed, ranne with a great streame able todriue a mill.

[Note: Deere. Hares. Hogges. ] We might sée in some places where fallow Déereand Hares had béene, and by the rooting of ground we suppo|sed wilde Hogs hadranged there, but we could descrie no beast, because our noise still chased them fromvs.

We were no sooner come aboord our light-horseman, returning towards our ship, butwe espied a Canoa com|ming from the further part of the Cod of the riuer East|ward,which hasted to vs; wherin, with two others, was he who refused to stay for a pawne:and his comming was very earnestly importing to haue one of our men to go lie onshore with their Bashabes (who was there on shore, as they signed) and then the nextmorning he would come to our ship with many Furres and Tabacco. This weperceiued to be only a méere deuice to get possession of any of our men, to ransomeall those which we had taken, which their naturall policy could not so shadow, butwe did easily discouer and preuent. These meanes were by this Saluage practised,because we had one of his kinse|men prisoner, as we iudged by his most kinde vsageof him being aboord vs together.

Thursday, the 13 of Iune, by two a clocke in the mor|ning (because our Captainewould take the helpe and ad|uantage of the tide) in the light-horseman with ourCom|pany well prouided and furnished with armour and shot both to defend andoffend; we went from our ship vp to that part of the riuer which trended Westwardinto the maine, to search that: and we carried with vs a Crosse, to erect at that point,which (because it was not daylight) we left on the shore vntill our returne backe;when we set it vp in maner as the former. [Note: We set vp an|other crosse. ] Forthis (by the way) we diligently obserued, that in no place, either about the Ilands, orvp in the maine, or alongst the riuer, we could discerne any token or signe, that euerany Christi|an had béene before; of which either by cutting wood, dig|ging for water,

or setting vp Crosses (a thing neuer omit|ted by any Christian trauellers) we shouldhaue percei|ued some mention left.

But to returne to our riuer, further vp into which we then rowed by estimation twentymiles, the beauty and goodnesse wherof I can not by relation sufficientlyde|monstrate. That which I can say in generall is this: What profit or pleasure soeueris described and truly ve|rified in the former part of the riuer, [Note: Conueniency oftransporta|tion. ] is wholly doubled in this; for the bredth and depth is such, that anyship draw|ing 17 or 18 foot water, might haue passed as farre as we went with ourlight-horsman, and by all our mens iudge|ment much further, because we left it in sogood depth and bredth; which is so much the more to be estéemed of grea|ter woorth,by how much it trendeth further vp into the maine: for from the place of our shipsriding in the Har|bour at the entrance into the Sound, to the furthest part we were inthis riuer, by our estimation was not much lesse than threescore miles.

From ech banke of this riuer are diuers branching streames into the maine, wherby isaffoorded an vnspeak|able profit by the conueniency of transportation from place toplace, which in some countries is both chargea|ble, and not so fit, by cariages onwaine, or horsebacke.

Héere we saw great store of fish, some great, leaping a|boue water, which we iudgedto be Salmons. All along is an excellent mould of ground. The wood in most pla|ces,especially on the East side, very thinne, chiefly oke and some small yoong birch,bordering low vpon the ri|uer; all fit for medow and pasture ground: and in thatspace we went, we had on both sides the riuer many plaine plots of medow, some ofthrée or foure acres, some of eight or nine: [Note: Meddow and Grasse. ] so as weiudged in the whole to be be|tweene thirty and forty acres of good grasse, and wherethe armes run out into the Maine, there likewise went a space on both sides of cléeregrasse, how far we know not, in many places we might see paths made to comedowne to the watering.

The excellencie of this part of the Riuer, for his good breadth, depth, and fertilebordering ground, did so ra|uish vs all with variety of pleasantnesse, as we could nottell what to commend, but only admired; some com|pared it to the Riuer Seuerne,(but in a higher degrée) and we all concluded (as I verily thinke we might right|ly)that we should neuer see the like Riuer in euery degrée equall, vntill it pleased Godwe beheld the same againe. For the farther we went, the more pleasing it was toe|uery man, alluring vs still with expectation of better, so as our men, although theyhad with great labour rowed long and eat nothing (for we carried with vs no victuall,but a little chéese and bread) yet they were so refreshed with the pleasant beholdingthereof, [Note: We were loath to leaue this Riuer. ] and so loath to for|sake it, assome of them affirmed, they would haue conti|nued willingly with that onely fareand labour 2 daies; but the tide not suffering vs to make any longer stay (be|cause wewere to come backe with the tide) and our Cap|taine better knowing what was fitthen we, and better what they in labour were able to endure, being verie loath tomake any desperate hazard, where so little neces|sitie required, thought it best tomake returne, because whither we had discouered was sufficient to conceiue that theRiuer ran very far into the land. For we passed six or seuen miles, altogether fresh

water (whereof we all dranke) forced vp by the flowing of the Salt: which after agreat while eb, where we left it, by breadth of channell and depth of water was likelyto run by estimation of our whole company an vnknowen way farther: the searchwhereof our Captaine hath left till his returne, if it shall so please God to dispose ofhim and vs.

For we hauing now by the direction of the omnipotent disposer of all good intents(far beyond the period of our hopes) fallen with so bold a coast, found so excellentand secure harbour, for as many ships as any nation profes|sing Christ is able to setforth to Sea, discouered a Riuer, which the All-creating God, with his most liberallhand, hath made aboue report notable with his foresaid bles|sings, bordered with aland, whose pleasant fertility be|wraieth it selfe to be the garden of nature, wherinshe on|ly intended to delight hir selfe, hauing hitherto obscured it to any, except to apurblind generation, whose vnder|standing it hath pleased God so to darken, as theycan neither discerne, vse, or rightly estéeme the vnualuable riches in middestwhereof they liue sensually content with the barke and outward rinde, as neitherknowing the swéetnes of the inward marrow, nor acknowledging the Deity of theAlmighty giuer: hauing I say thus far proceeded, and hauing some of the inhabitantnation (of best vnderstanding we saw among them) who (learning our language) maybe able to giue vs further instruction, concerning all the premised particulars, as alsoof their gouernours, and gouernment, situation of townes, and what else shall beconuenient, which by no meanes other|wise we could by any obseruation of ourselues learne in a long time: our Captaine now wholy intended his pro|uision forspéedy returne. For although the time of yeere and our victuall were not so spent, butwe could haue made a longer voyage, in searching further and trading for very goodcommodities, yet as they might haue béene much profitable, [Note: The cause of ourspeedy returne. ] so (our company being small) much more preiudiciall to the wholestate of our voya[...] which we were most regardfull now not to hazard. For wesup|posing not a little present priuate profit, but a publique good, and true zeale ofpromulgating Gods holy Church, by planting Christianity, to be the sole intent of theHo|nourable [...], [...]rth of this discouery· thought it gene|rally most expedient, byour speedy returne, to giue the longer space of time to make prouision for so weightyan enterprise.

Friday, the 14 day of Iune, early by foure a clocke in the morning, with the tide yourtwo boats, [...] an[...] a little helpe of the winde, [Note: We ank[...]rd at the mouth ofthe Riuer. ] we rowed downe to the riuers mouth and there came to an anker abouteleuen a clocke. After|ward our Captaine in the light horseman searched thesounding all about the mouth and comming to the Riuer, for his certaine instruction,of a perfect description.

The next day, being Saturday, we wayed anker, and with a briese from the land, wesailed vp to our watering place, and there stopped, went on shore and filled all ourempty caske with fresh water.

[Note: Our Captain made his cer|taine obserua|tion. ] Our Captaine vpon the Rockein the middest of the harbour obserued the height, latitude, and variation ex|actlyvpon his instruments.

1 Astrolabe.

2 Semisphere.

3 Ringe instrument.

4 Crosse staffe.

5 And an excellent compasse made for the variation.

The certainty whereof, together with the particulari|ties of euery depth and sounding,aswell at our falling with the land, as in the discouery, and at our departure from thecoast; I refer to his owne relation in the Map of his Geographicall description, whichfor the benefit of o|thers he intendeth most exactly to publish.

The temperature of the Climate (albeit a very im|portant matter)? [Note: Thetempera|ture of the Climate. ] had almost passed without mentio|ning, because itaffoorded to vs no great alteration from our disposition in England; somwhat hottervp into the Maine, because it lieth open to the South; the aire so wholesome, as Isuppose not any of vs found our selues at any time more healthfull, more able tolabour, nor with better stomacks to such good fare, as we partly br[...]ught, andpartly found.

Sunday, the 16 of Iune, the winde being faire, and because we had set out ofEngland vpon a Sunday, made the ilands vpon a Sunday, and as we doubt not (byGods appointment) happily fell into our harbour vpon a Sunday; so now (beséechinghim still with like prospe|rity to blesse our returne into England our country, andfrom thence with his good will and pleasure to hasten our next arriuall there) wewaied Anker and quit the Land vpon a Sunday.

Tuesday, the 18 day, being not run aboue 30 leagues from land, and our Captaine forhis certaine knowledge how to fall with the coast, hauing sounded euery watch, andfrom 40 fathoms had come into good déeping, to 70, and so to an hundred: this daythe weather being faire, after the foure a clocke watch, when we supposed not tohaue found ground so farre from land, and before sounded in aboue 100 fathoms, wehad ground in 24 fathomes. Wherefore our sailes being downe, Thomas Kingboat|swaine, presently cast out a hooke, and before he iudged it at ground, was fishedand haled vp an excéeding great and well fed Cod: then there were cast out 3 or 4more, and the fish was so plentifull and so great, as when our Captaine would haueset saile, we all desired him to suf|fer them to take fish a while, because we were sodelight|ed to sée them catch so great fish, so fast as the hooke came downe: somewith playing with the hooke they tooke by the backe, and one of the Mates with twohookes at a lead at fiue draughts together haled vp tenne fishes; all were generallyvery great, some they measured to be fiue foot long, and thrée foot about.

This caused our Captaine not to maruell at the shoul|ding, [Note: A fishing banke. ]for he perceiued it was a fish banke; which (for our farewell from the land) it pleasedGod in continuance of his blessings, to giue vs knowledge of: the abundant pro|fitwhereof should be alone sufficient cause to draw men againe, if there were no othergood both in present cer|taine, and in hope probable to be discouered. To ampli|fiethis with words, were to adde light to the Sunne: for euery one in the shippe could

easily account this present commodity; much more those of iudgement, which knewwhat belonged to fishing, would warrant (by the helpe of God) in a short voyagewith few good fishers to make a more profitable returne from hence than from New-found-land: the fish being so much greater, better fed, and abundant with traine; ofwhich some they desired, and did bring into England to bestow among their friends,and to testifie the true report.

After, we kept our course directly for England & with ordinary winds, and sometimecalmes, vpon Sunday the 14 of Iuly about six a clocke at night, we were come intosounding in our channell, [Note: We came in|to sounding. ] but with darke weatherand contrary winds, we were constrained to beat vp and downe till Tuesday the 16 ofIuly, when by fiue a clocke in the morning we made Sylly; from whence, hinderedwith calmes and small winds, vpon Thursday the 18 of Iuly about foure a clockeafter noone, we came into Dartmouth: which Hauen happily (with Gods graci|ousassistance) we made our last and first Harbour in England.

Further, I haue thought fit here to adde some things worthy to be regarded, which wehaue obserued from the Saluages since we tooke them.

First, although at the time when we surprised them, they made their best resistance,not knowing our purpose, nor what we were, nor how we meant to vse them; yetafter perceiuing by their kinde vsage we intended them no harme, they haue neuersince séemed discontented with vs, but very tractable, louing, & willing by their bestmeanes to satisfie vs in any thing we demand of them, by words or signes for theirvnderstanding: neither haue they at a|ny time béene at the least discord amongthemselues; in|somuch as we haue not séene them angry, but merry; and so kinde, asif you giue any thing to one of them, he will distribute part to euery one of the rest.

We haue brought them to vnderstand some English, and we vnderstand much oftheir language; so as we are able to aske them many things. And this we haueobser|ued, that if we shew them any thing, and aske them if they haue it in theircountrey, they will tell you if they haue it, and the vse of it, the difference from oursin big|nesse, colour, or forme: but if they haue it not, be it a thing neuer so precious,they wil denie the knowledge of it.

They haue names for many starres, which they will shew in the firmament.

They shew great reuerence to their King, and are in great subiection to theirGouernours: and they will shew a great respect to any we tell them are ourCommanders.

They shew the maner how they make bread of their Indian wheat, and how theymake butter and chéese of the milke they haue of the Rain-Déere and Fallo-Déere,which they haue tame as we haue Cowes.

They haue excellent colours. [Note: Indico and o|ther excellent colours in thecountrey. ] And hauing séene our Indico, they make shew of it, or of some other likething which maketh as good a blew.

One especiall thing is their maner of killing the Whale, which they call Powdawe;and will describe his forme; how he bloweth vp the water; and that he is 12 fathoms

long; and that they go in company of their King with a multitude of their boats,[Note: Their killing of the whale. ] and strike him with a bone made in fashion of aharping iron fastened to a rope, which they make great and strong of the barke oftrees, which they veare out after him: then all their boats come about him, and as heriseth aboue water, with their arrowes they shoot him to death: when they haue killedhim & dragged him to shore, they call all their chiefe lords together, & sing a song ofioy: and those chiefe lords, whom they call Sagamos, diuide the spoile, and giue toeuery man a share, which pieces so distributed they hang vp a|bout their houses forprouision: and when they boile them, they blow off the fat, and put to their peaze,maiz, and other pulse, which they eat.

A briefe Note of what profits we saw the Countrey yeeld in the small time ofour stay there.

TREES.

Oke of an excellent graine, strait, and great timber.

Elme.

Beech.

Birch, very tall & great; of whose barke they make their Canoas.

Wich-Hazell.

Hazell.

Alder.

Cherry-tree.

Ash.

Maple.

Yew.

Spruce.

Aspe.

Firre.

Many fruit trees, which we knew not.

FOWLES.

Eagles.

Hernshawes.

Cranes.

Ducks great.

Geese.

Swannes.

Penguins.

Crowes.

Sharks.

Rauens.

Mewes.

Turtle-doues.

Many birds of sundrie co|lours.

Many other fowls in flocks, vnknowen.

BEASTS.

Raine-Deere.

Stagges.

Fallow-Deere.

Beares.

Wolues.

Beauer.

Otter.

Hare.

Cony.

Hedge-Hoggs.

Polcats.

Wilde great Cats.

Dogges: some like Wolues, some like Spaniels.

FISHES.

Whales.

Seales.

Cod very great.

Haddocke great.

Herring great.

Plaise.

Thornebacke.

Rockefish.

Lobstar great.

Crabs.

Muscels great, with pearles in them.

Cockles:

Wilks.

Cunner fish.

Lumps.

Whiting.

Soales.

Tortoises.

Oisters.

FRVITS, PLANTS, and HERBS.

Tabacco, excellent sweet and strong.

Wild-Vines.

Strawberries abundance.

Raspberries abundance.

Gooseberries abundance.

Hurtleberries abundance.

Currant trees abundance.

Rose-bushes.

Peaze.

Ground-nuts.

Angelica, a most soueraigne herbe.

An hearbe that spreadeth the ground, & smelleth like Sweet Marioram, greatplenty.

Very good Dies, which ap|peare by their painting; which they carrie with themin bladders.

The names of the fiue Saluages which we brought home into England, whichare all yet aliue, are these.

1. Tahánedo, a Sagamo or Commander.

2. Amóret Gentleman.

3. Skicowáros Gentleman.

4. Maneddo Gentleman.

5. Sassacomoit, a seruant.