Georg Lukacs - Ontology of Social Being Volume 1 Hegel

8/19/2019 Georg Lukacs - Ontology of Social Being Volume 1 Hegel

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I


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HEGELS FALSE AND S

GEUE ONTOOGY


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HEGL'S FALS ANDIS GUI OTOLOY

o Lk

ntd y vid h

EN PSSONDON


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© .Jos Translation lM"l Pm

Rpn Fs publd by

M"l P as Rd, Loon

SB 978-0-85036-226-

Pd G B b

Whble Wb K


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ASLATORS O

t ors he hrd chper f P n f cork Toward h Oolo o o m scrp w cecd b h h hh

not y pepaed for pbcn. f c

ow thogh reerenc rm ener bee repaced b e ppp nc hedrd Egsh trsans. A cnen s f h oos a whoe c be found he en f h m.

Eglsh Hege cb n cp sandarded d so n qn m n heinsered he orgn erm e r f Ms •qe

of Hege' Docne of he Se u h r moe' for rer h h b htiquated oton he e pbm f slator s i of coe Ab; he cc e he rotse sbon, bu hen he ce slear ave prefrred h sraghod bon, mna Elish raders o re scn fm heeli idea o nderstd uomc he scsese o reeaio' and rasng o ne ee .


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CONTENTS

Hgs Dctc ad ar ofcotradctos '

Hgls Dctca Onoo d t 62

Rcon Dtrnons

Notes 14

Tod th noo o Soc BngGr onns 7


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d ar radin'Clcl em Phooh ehbt a etan dvon

unning Kt theoet jeon of onoo o h ully vlv e ontoog of ege. etan th eon wasv ethn aout hown b th fa a 'l ctie aead ad no h am of oo

ch hlooh th n wa ed no oundtn f tu ea h nau of h bng ovd etd b ave aso d a dta w nt clsa eman hoo took u on aa ntlic obem of h nghnment hough of obn the two ood th ab of th ar' aza te Fenh vouon W o ak a otua

h nhtenmnt n o onooga on orsn nce mo a o onue h ne on o hlshca oema. mo to undrdHeglin hlohy ave n eaon o th du deaaone inin nd onlo o o eaon n a od h een had h

Fnh evouon o

cicly by ts deeny oned aeon razaonTh iin the evoluon n h fom onfrod a

Er h he obm o h deveong ougo n i immnent onadon n h fo of a wiy nt whh nhtnn' ra o ronh e cne t hooha hot oud no bu drbr k n.


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Te spes d os dec e aco o s ne

saon o dey e oooca eevace of e aso

aoee epacg e o w aoals, he Rocs e pdaed e pese sae of aas n eod s codcoy chaace, and sot a ayback to the past, spposedly a e a of e d st n-codco hmoy Tnke ho conceve d he -

syle pese as soal oads a ee e am of eo a wod ovecoe e pese codcos epese ned a deen e acon; fo eaple Fce, oc •ered

hs o peod as ae of copee ckedness',bed hch hoeve soe e fe age of e ene

e of ea. (Te et tops say sot, ho copee ee as, ove pate of socalhsoy tha pceeded fo e cotadcos of e posevooa pesent and dcad h oecog ofese coadcos a fe pespecve Hel's specalposo eee ese o eees cosss e fac ae so o deosae plosophcay he pesence of a

e o eo e pese se c e o condco eeg e ce caego s o,ooocly as ell logcaly d epseologcaly Hegelas o ay e s coscos daecca aon egea plosopes B e s e s sce Heacs foo codco foed e l ae oooca pncped no js soetg a ad soeo o oe o beovecoe, a as sll e ce Scelg's neec

cocepon' Te fodaons of Hee's to a hscoadcto he bs of posoph, cobed h ea pese he ealzo of eo Te cobnato ofhe o h he es a n Heel oc and onoo ooee a foely nkno nacy ad es

Ts gave se o e appeace, hc fo a lon edomnaed he enay eval ve of Heel a s

phosop had acheved a cao of eo ad eay


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L

hat d n e v er be e n pre ous atn w quite non-

probl ematic; it s ucnt � rc the _wde � pread idea fhs p nlogism. On coser cons1dera10n h1s umty, w hether 1t

is fa sc nati ng or r e ee n, bras w , unity w hich

Mrxi s rtzed fro ts nce pn o p position f

sy sem a nd ethod, tun back 'nto f eet n

maeri listic sens e Hege 's am ha wa tding 'on its

hed.' If Hegel s to be eecve oda a n f orce n

philosophica thougt d n the rea wor, nc

proceed further along e path ha h Marx cc

began. We must tr et Hee Mx hmf rea Rc:' With e mer hat s ne ad c eveops

vigorously amid th e "nure of cntrcons u of the ontradic toy phe nomea.' Ths anure f conracons

makes its frst appearce n Hee ede of hecontradictoy chaacer of the presen, n jt a prbm u, but qua as a probe of the r ef al, owvr ch, mar ontoc pnts f ay rsn, in fr t s cnceve as the nac

rlit s wo the foundaon n on ofly u ratioa ontooc thuh bu hu ntin eergence of conracon n h on hencefort for He e the unaton o a ectcaprocss stin fom iorc nature and pre ssn f ard,va life and society, o his summit.

T lry is us t rs ont f th mur fnadictions' . Th e dynamic o a e ctca contracton

ly n bomi a th Heractu, nr asuccession of stage s in he comrehenson of h or n u , Cusnus but atherf e eave e the rl ino nsisn atmts of te oun Schenthers t uiation of ia ectc sequec nd re hstorctyI lon dati rady obtans ontoocaImporace, a he r el ve cle of hstory, hch cou neve

hav had b efore. Hee agai a ne moment of th


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mue f cnacn' mmel face n hecnc en f h phph he focs n hepen c ne m n, n nh eec m e decc nece ubecmen ch n

ue, unn becenoc ccer n he e h, me concepncncel hn eep nub cnracon hepeen c nl cque nune ngc ounn he bde beeen pa d fuue bu f he presen hee flmen of he nheren pene f he ecc,then h prces mus cme en n fulment, conequence f ben ulle, h p l

n the ntolgcal or re sel m abandon thespecc ord oeent drected tords ts ntrnscenchen, d bece ee momen o selfreproducton o s cle on the ne h h nuaprocee f h n o ex, een a n a retener boh he onoenetc n phenec processe ofle he chce h s t le xn sl, nt

absltel o. Bu t js certan on the other h hahe tenence h e the exsence f nddu pec n n a be en a enee dy for heoea prcess f re a hole

Ths lea, an he atep o e t a ente apoctc solton, necessl ae connuously n thephlosopy of st t es rse, for exaple, to the otared p cnceptons, ether hese are dreced

fos or bacs n tme Of cre the antnoesnole n responn o th em re nether hooenous no equent Up h e e a reeablshn pas e of aars mu necesarly hae anessently rratonast caacterunes the acarorentaon s sp ue to anaton, to a snertad of s on asc nentons, he ce t e

oensble ressctaton of nquy n the Renassace era


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L

I these utop m t ren the pst, o mter hodeberte or ohs ths mh b, h he o den heotooc ersb of m d hece nd themseesrht from he stt n oppson o rton otoloI the orc' s tn mode, s eery the ceth romc eos, hs conrdcton becomes st moreacute, snce orc eeopme s structured mostsct mer b he eersbt of m, ad so thto bc oooc pcpes come no soubytomc retonshp h one other Irrtosm, s ord e tht ses ou of s, c ony overcom thesetoes n shm-dectc d sophsc ts

capa ast reo s precsely desged to mesolube cotrdcos of ths d vsh, d to dteo ths, o th cocepton a completey arbtrryer

The Ehement des of the rem of reo are fore mportt , both a eer phlosophc sese d fordestd Hee's o bsc cocepto For th

Ehtmn, reo e umt prcpe of bd bcom of ture d socey The t of phosophyi to dscover d eborate ths pcp, so tht socety lospod to te te d c g aw o atu.T aia ad atua oiid o tsc ydtia atr d aso i oa i o tuo a ftr ded d ot otologi aati-i o t prest Eigtt i iy aioo o ppaatio o F vouio ot awit g a phosopy o ts oqu.) tooowv tr es atio ta i ioubl o iai: ve th oiot o at ow old a and oit v hav deptd o it?

Ti io dio t ontologial abigity o tEigt t's cocpt of atu O t o ad atu

a oivd i t o t at dvot o t


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OOL

nar cece nce Gaeo ad eon, pe obece,mae, aonomo ad a-e, hs prodn a ecre oc bass for a or ve hch ac epee a eeoca ae hpmhccncps ha ha been nroce no he s ofnare s maaed p heo on a sod onoocafoao, een f he age of nare as s essene on mechsc pncpes On he ohe h, hoeer,no onoo of soca beng cod be drectly dedced frohs cncepon of nare n o far as the Enghennt,bng tsef on sch eat forenner as Hobbes dSpnoza, s soht a any pc o contrc a nd

ontoo of nare and socey, ts concep of narsdden ende o ge trsfored fro the sponeosycea onoo of Geo d eton nto a vae concp(Ths radon of aagaaon streches rgh bac noae y The nconscos seos se of hesem excsve ehodologs, hose conradcoryaratr frr rorcd th fact that e concep

of natre ve s not jst on a jecve ogh,b raher on a sary ontao ojectve onoog ofsocal eng, s response for the dpest dcreances n henghtenn orld rs d foro, the neablogh nconcos trston fro th atras treatentof natr o dat trat of octy d hstory Thfac at he raton go of Enlghtenent thcs ssto b a connaton of th ojctvy atrat

(chcy aert concepton of natr, and tha tactaly dos conan lnts of a ats docrn ofsocty, n no ay redc t cotradcton t v dpnt

od not e forgottn n th concpton ha regardsof l hese sol tno, th hlosophy of tEnlghtnt sll a cotato d on of ho

tendncs that, vr c th naanc, s o to6


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dd d ed ooo o spp he

� d oog d heoo oe Be this j h gre de h h ooo of soca be

od o he as of a ooo of

Eg e peos, ce o

oved he odo of he foe o he o y, oo homogeos o ec a d dd o ge o grp he ooo pcpe

q e h y The onoog

op of o oe h he oe

o pob o osa oogy o ddg s p cpe of

y I p he d n o e mech mesm dom a h oe o h deeo eo's deco of e daecc wh g fo he adpo of h coscous sm oy per ne, wee, fR4 v an sa o of he soc

i he o o he c necessity de pue f om ue, he hee wh bo away from the ae st ontolog o f etime, i so a a a e a aory o e so humaist ' oe y u oos fo he ae s ontolog , d o he o po of idealist oopy o o v odoy h o,bt thus a he more efectively.

ot h o p e of ,either in h M-Robpe e pe ofJacobins F Rvoo o he orse of he G Eg h Hd o K. I s sp ha wa nvodb hr, he He ge heo of�ature a n y, pe ciy bcaue it undrtook to Illuminate th poevouionary word i an -rom maner had

avoday o k ef up wh hs7


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o W do o d o vg o g d o dd vid d K; ko ov dv ggv o dot aa pw o ovooa my Pnoenolo of Mind' poc aa Rod T Diene BewFih and hellin S, oov o yo jdd F lm (ly Hol)qt t, d fom m od olpcv d G d g W l a F m ofo o do to Gy' Hg odd F

g G d o p d,v f h too v d fo of o of '; Fc fo oc pcp of ojv', s Gy a f fo of jv fqlywo pcao'2 T k ow a Hgdd ot b G d of y d

ioy ov Fc ; oy fodoly o pooy d og xad oo dvop d ogzd o lodog y ol dvlo of To w av ad o o o a oo w gl' ol d g ho ly i o dcv

qto T comply o d oo o o vooy d ovooy o

W o d Hgl ooog of oly d coio o od gv y d o ommo od l o

a Bam' dd o K ooy


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d o hess of phenomeno hn N ho fo Hee, h e me non vy h fo he ea phoophes f s naue, n s ne be

s od oh ooo pepaaon ds dvope of , soey, d hs o A s we g ms dveop ume unag o d soy hh nae poves a d psss ss d pehsoy fo um h s, he mnns he ea poressved o h od ea, as as expee by heg f h Bu Hee oes fuhe, n so fa

s fo m s a mee bs pehso; d so eany deops de ou of xs so my uaaey new eoes,s d s h ony be dee fo ue n ade d ge sse, d n s oenne so s foms of hsoes fa beyon nue angss sef uavey fom The ambuy of

ed a vue onep n ode o ee d sn om Hees wo ew, wh husss onoo sep fo o eg e s xme e ow a ev s Hees oepon, eve e ed o he own spe mneg ss) T oss s a desv one fo se Hges ov hosoh s moe d os d ods soey d e gh, hh mes ov of he mbuy beweeng g d so d mo ouh' s of hes o he on of he ey pobems

v dy oed Hees phosopy ou o ade ompehenon o s ow

Ts d o oy o he dppeae of h9


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ONTOLOGY

abos ar ogh', b aso o a ve ra reaoshp o a ogh' of y kd ege rejeed ay d oprory of e ogh' over he s' hs does o js gve hsree of soey ad hso posg objevy

speror o ere wshes desres he e ooog sready expressed hs, he ooog whose deqaeopreheso s he proje a hres Hege's whoehoh: e he era a oos poso of reay he whoe sse of egores, he oooa speroyof he facy of he rea word o a oher egoeswheer sbeve or objeve s o he es of ege'sge a ther ha he osoy reogzed hs

ooog probe a exreey er aer, soghto grp s f oseqees Th ft h h ooy oraor ofe exreey osse sotoseadg o resove oes, s sary oeed whe wa ha hs phosophy of hsory s oreed oardshe pree, sr opposo o boh pa a fre heec ccs of e ogh' hs fors, as wee

kd of prer skrsh o hs desve bae o ooo oeporay wh he prese s srgg ovehe e of he ogh' s par of ege 's feog peagas a For , s exvey he ora ogh ' htves a's ooog poso re (sedreay O by fg he aegoa erave codoa d bsr ogh', ca rse hseabove he word of pheoea, wh hs heoy ssuperaby e, ad reae hsef o he (rasederey hoo omos Fo ee, however, the hoe oory s spy a par of h prae hh eds oo a ore gue ehs d he oy rea s e o toh' s so far expresses a dsrep btwee h w d yhg ha he eth she w beos dec h s oep d he et

poso of e ough' s hs overoe ev e od o 0


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t W oy b b to e aeqae y t too ot o potn, t ty oo qto t or o E

t

y vdt t t tae tt bott ot g poopy e ha que tob

to t ta poton f he pt toogy W tt e ef ptt o popte to te ehc pe otoog t btn t ubt of pt d t o o h ot' ovo ot obtvely a fo t bt B

t l oto t He gv t t oogy o? W no tht v too o g ple e ye o t to o t e t qto y o t o t foo t o oy t of ge o t qto l ty t

dg qtly o a g yoo t t t o t tt t o b ab t t to tt o 82 to o t t toy t o o to tt ot e ne y toy 4 o t ove t oo o oy oty o adt o t

t tt d ogy o to o o oy o

o t o to ot otoog

y t to o ot t o o y t o v go of t o; tt eoog ot o og o o o of t

ov oto o


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o d y dov of Heg' h ov o h o cd po oz oogc go d h hd ed e d Hg ' o Th oo bgHg hoy of hoy og od hodoo ; h o r o ocso Hegeo xh g d ds pur,h h ho fqy f o dp fom h odof h dd od d ody d oe re oe o od of d d dho fodd hodooy o o Theo fo h f of h d he p o

d o y d o vo o h p hro Hg og Th gh o h gg o ooogy o oy do h dvd ogcgo he o y d h ex h oo d o hhh od o oed o od xyo h ooog ooo o r. We er

o d o g o of h o of og d ooo qo ofHg y d hod; h y dh o p of Hg og ovd h y o do o e y d o o f o h ov o o h vdo g dod h od ' og

Hg d h h d g h h o h dg oo) dg o h ohog o h v foogdo of h ogooog od of h oo ov of oo o ood oy y h o y o o og d

o ooogy y od


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EE

I o o ply or Hgl d

v tout court, b ply do o hf

i ih illy o log vly

l

O o a a h aoy i h

o hioy hy olv I h

lu i o v ud

Hg g oooologl

ai o p d e kg o gv h a

ll lio ppo y h o o g

i vlvd h h gl oologl o oology o pl

i og o h g vhg opo h

lhd d p

y o o h opo of

by h h v o x o y o o gpo oly h oq o o

oi oologl o l y vl g oppod o h o d) goy o oldg lv g o go o yig g l vy olg o ig ga oa I l, , a oaly o-l i y l i h x s i mar d oon as pmary oy o H T B ly l x


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ONOLOGY

n he ar ore complicaed relaionships of socihistorica aern this bstracion mus apear antiheticld closely linked wih movemen wih the dynaic chi the forms theelves a a higher level. Since he practicarelevant mode of appeaance depeds on the stcture of oveet ad what is oved, bo in is immedac and i1al mediate fors, he pesent c only have a relaipermanence fro e sadpoint of the onolog of soci• being, a stae i which his structure does no undero does no ee o undergo, any essntial ad percepiblchanges The prese in he hisorical sense can hus exeno enie period, an epoch even, and here can be o dub

ha Hegel undersood he present in his sense, even i never direcl expressed it in so m y words. This cnge i siicce encopasses boh fuure and pas in e soci being We can speak in a meaingfl sense o nuclei o

t ,

fuure ad residues o he pas in a resen o his ind, nascribe hese a re pacicl signicance Bu i should nee

be forgoten hat wha is nvoved here are specic fors o

becy of socal ben, hich onolocly ae umal�indissolubly based, no mae ho mediaed hey may be, 0the acua assae o ime Nure aleady povides a ceianalo Foms may have a isoy ih epochs and period we c see o examle in eology, nd as cn possibly bascerined aso in asonomy Here oo, hese peiods <

eochs ae elaed to suctul trasomions and sruca sabiliies o ma er and moion Ye h ecic accenuio

o he presen does no aise in his connecin This is onoloic result in social bein o e ac men behdierenly s a resul o scul siion o chae nhence clly reac bac on he basis o hei acice hrelaionshi o ime isel as medied comonen s suctures is arbitrarily seeed in hoh, hen e e goesue mode conces o ime hose naure, ro

Bergson oug o Heidee e ve ledy explin


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so v o ostvto i v t oi iloso o t ssstt t t liis sd im of iis to ofsto to ifl oosit io t istoy At tt o t Jl volto ot o isis i ivytig tt old ois v vid ss to v t i qstio7 tsim o o o is lostdsis dd Gs o t Jly volto g tdssoto o Hgls

s t o i of os s to tl ott o t t of Hl's ilosold idits t t o its itrsi otditio

sos tt t is ot ossl to v idvid sstiostodool ositios t o Hgl's s ot d ot livig d t dd' i is systm ot ll std t t s gt Hgl d t so t isl td tot d itd sto to so is tot oits t yo ft iloso d it dis ot i lid l

st os ty t o t o o is s edy t s tqso o ov o d d s v to s' itis o oosio t sst d tod ovds otto to o tt stio s to td tss o t stdoit Hl's sstm t stdsls dl d loil oy o soit d sttd t slt o ts o ti is tt t sttot' loss ll ss o ttii t si t st ts oild t t d Mtodologill ovi o t stdoit of t i dit of t oos of tis o fd t isol o ioill otditios Ts otdtosditl ogt fom o of t most ossiv sts of

Hl's loso H s t st sit tk o t


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EE

o t itt t ot oly iooad t

;es of csical Engih economics-from Steuart nd Smth o Rardo-i is losoy o so

r t mad

jtivis d loshps this hd disov�� to oi

o ois d1al. Hl ts x b1 a mo o

a otio o t imota o t stt ad

dami o mod boos o l soity as t bass o

t i ossibl to s bot t st i t istoi

T at tat H maid bid is os

" ot gs o t om d v mo so

ind t tons dos no ndmnlly n

i t of is t lss o so f s l s o

ii to dr t ooi oq o isovs . ( Forir rtny did m n bt

zto o ti d so sl movd

o t r Eo dvlomt o t oy o

o t ty v so mid qut tott losoi ysis d it sm o t toii Foi's oom d soil oto o t st

old o o t most mrtt tks tody o tisto o itt ty ilosoy) oio o t st s t sd o

v st s o ti otdto H o ood it t s otdois vd disd i dit to l om Ho o d s t isti dio o oo o i s i t tis is ot o t dt o dvid vio t vs s ol s s o o tlaity oiv vsty i lto to t idividls8 vit o t oos s o o dvlodo o mmt diti o ti H imsl d ti m is ot Bt i dvoi s

dtl o totit t iil o tl s


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OTOLOGY

ov ito ivsit to iiat as tato t os it attai its tt t it to i itsositiv tait is titld is aa idiats tat tatiosi o ogois soit a ogois stt isoiv i o-si a ai fio aasot ia sa o t stat At rst sigt tiso s to sil a istoial oditiod imi tatioof Hg's otio o t lassial ooists tmsvs to t gasd tis alold latiosi ao aqatl i o a aa o t istoiaat o ti atois t at took ts to tso os osoig to aso tis st t

iloso o at as ooil a vy akdot as sio to is ooi ts H saa tat tis atiait i took ttgorial aatisti o ogois soit as a sit o t st : to is as t fodtiod a o t otoay soia fos i stitotst to t tiq pol, i i tiait

aa as vasio o ta oo as ttiat as o tat o's oal'1 0 T siitatios o H's otio a vit at i ttasitio o iv soit to t stat i t atisiof t o to t att o Ma o a a iosoi mtiist a sa tis otaitio i t Hglia sst d ssd it s oos:H as asd is agt o t assmtio o t

eparaio o ivi soit a t oitia stat a ooo as o o to so it to a ecarmome o h dea t asot tt o aso H asoosd t asolt ivsl itst o t stat to tatia itsts d ds of ivi soity a o: atv oit a atttio to t coic t tstat a iv soit' ot t o t atio is

t ais t no sartio o civl ad poliical lie H


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HEEL

ak s the Esates to te e x p esso of e separtion, b

� ute osy he y sppose d to e pe e de nSli , 11

one which doe s ot x 1st.

It woud b supe rc, d wo condc h s

dt Mrx 's citics, o spy se e hs

accoodation by He ge to he Ps ste of h e .

Ecooc l f n pc, th b s o cv soce y H e ge

tts th cycs' e ce of Rcdo. As I he

t t s qsto i de l y book o Hege,12

s qotton fro h P hlosophy of Right w hve o

s r : 'It hece be coe s ppe dspe

xss o wth cv socy s o h enogh, .e s on

sos sufct to chck xce ssve povey d e to o os bb . ' 13 The youg Mx tted ts qsto too puey objctve fho, poce edngo t t os o Heg's e hodoo Fo thsso ss ecss to qote e os posts o Mxs tn of tought soe gh They v soty k hlvs to t se. y

t drv for. Accordng to Heel, howvr, hey e produced y t r Ida; it is not the cors of the o tt jons tm togth to compse the stte, bt he o Ida wich h dis tingished hem frm itself.T oo t t s o ts Id; the y td or tr x stc to nd or t hro t ot s-dt t std dted oth o hs o thy d "td th

al Ia's" ow fnite phae. The go of ther ex stece so tt x s t ts; st t I s ts ts o ts ts rss " ordr to rs ov ts rty do x t t d ." I ot wods thpotal sa ot xt wtout t turl basis of h � t t ss o v socty. Thse tssme qua non; d yt t odto s ostd thoto

, th odu as th podut . . Th become s 9


29/128

ONLGY

phoo, b h d s o co o dbov hs phoo Th oov, hs o gobod h oc o o "bco xpc d hs pph w d s ou h who sof h Piloopy o Rig d o 's phosop g ' Ts h foowg s f h coso og's ss: T h so dos o s o hpaiu o h y , d h p of h s, b o h unival oshp o omd niy W d xc h s pocss o Loc h so fo h sph of Essc o hof h ocp h Piloopy o Nau, h s

so c b obsd fo oc o sws h s cos wch d o spp owo sph d ow oh wh so Th pob sy o dscov h ppop bs ds o h ndvd coc os x's ss hwho pob s foows Th coc of phosoph s oh oc of h sbj b sbj of

ogc gc os o pov poo o s spovs poof of og 1 4Fo odys d o v o o og p o o

Ks xs g y pp vy sp: hog Hg dvop s o vod h fcss of ospo o T og pvps s c, w v s oopy dd o ody of d sppo sp d sp s T so sq d , v s sy c sp Hgso o wos s s sog wch x oos so sv w o s obov d d o wos o s o ogc sos ss o o og b spb o o o ooo o

s s o ooo o-


30/128

HEGEL

hp o he aeuae e exp

of og ae es, e es

e goes e oe sp a

ogh, bu s ae b ues a a

o of e, saes sp a as

e e f -aame o M. Tus e me s

hae area oe aos, e a as ag, a fom he o o oes, wo reogze pese ee' sse ooy p foa a o e a uber fw T bs of hs ous of e oes

om he f a bo ase f e ae eey fa e so of psp s oee.Hg' nr phosop expee e w ha of he

gd of he pseoa e. Jus hegm phoope wee eep a efor of he feuabous w wouy rae a rea of eas, ee wa saod a hs o eaeof e o e eae

pey be o be s o e Prefae e Pomnoo of: o dl o ee ha o epo a bre o o o Th p of hs bro h o o o g hihero pevalg, d h h od o g, d e m o e hem a sk o o d o abou o sformation. ' 1 5

g v m f o projeae, o t ompoas; h was aoo h to d omprhesve see of ra, a tv gr for g ry lke of h v ot b ay hkr c Aro. g of ray or of dd o ro h paag phoopha

tt toy h h approrao of h


31/128

fcs hes h cc cnsn f he fc pn f h n. T s spn hs mphns , bcm eme nns e f h cnc c

nmc f becs, ns n pcss. h pmcncn h p b h pesen sef hen n he nr n n nnd, e he cncn bn bh f hes hebc pce erm f he me, hch hee e chcere b en men psuehe emp p hese s cndc fcs dnences h ny f he fcc s h e hs

c f cncns, hch epresse seffo he rsme n e hs f hhn ees nrnscmc pcesse meh, n he ee f nes hsc mon n cncns hs s he rse he Bcch 6 f cnceps sfeqen menne, behn hch hre s s smehn profun rn t wr he moemen n thouht ,

nn, judemen sysm s n he men sde fhe ntense nn f bec, ren pcess heprcess chcr f hugh s n h cnseqence of thepcess chrcter f re Scenc phsphclee s no more th bndnmen t the ve fe ofhe objec ' 1 he resn for ths s th t s neer he mereesut [ th s tned n the cncrete he sef, but theresult n wh the process f ng t the nedest s the corpse f th system wch hs left ts gudngendecy behnd ' Ths represents ret step ford nhe drecon of completey new onoo True reltyppes here cncrete becmn, d eness s thentoc dervn o objecy whout hchln precnn hs w ne remn ncompensble eforme rd. The re cncudng wor of

e's rly velpment, the Pomenolo, reves thee22


32/128

EE

· s ll sds Egls dy otly mkd tt g

�s t rst to s to t ot v dym y 's otogt d yot dvomt.9 S

s l o oslvs dt t sod stio t

taqstos o Hgl 's w otoogy, ts mks

s illstto o ts itr tdy

Hel's phiosophizing.

t old oos rto to mt ttt v dsd gs sod otoogy osidt o t st mtod ad md tyst t oty ot os mty d

tily d dd soly ll oty romt s so d ty std to to otr t t oqst d t ito o ts tyis y lto o o o ts otv ormss tilly odd trog t dym d dtloss o tol dvlomt ot o dtr s Hgl's s olm o t old's ost

vt rst old t rzto o t m os d d to so v ts r otrdtoss to mo d s t ork sgt otmorayts t st tt t lgtmt d stv o st ts o togt v dy st l dod t gtmts sotd s t it o o d t tot sg tsst tt t i tt t rm o so s t ot tslvs i ti l tvty T t tt Hgl l t rto gosm tt tlgtmt d t t osto moovd stk i oom to rsy rovddt dl o tis otot t m sos t tt lk t t gtt) o ysd ts tis-sdss t t md t

d d o ot st t tt


33/128

ONTOLGY

ohg h b ccophd wou r o pro h cors; d s b cd pso w r bsou h nohing ea in e l bccopsh wou pion.20 h br, p pofu of h s cd hr o h Egh rd srov for, hou ogr occo v pur opfoo v wh H, h p r p ppoxo dos o uro rou p prc fro h sv d pc.Hg's p o cocv d pc h wor of hssdd d sfcrd w oh h o fr

rch dvc o fr udr rco Wh w rfr o s Hg's co ooo o

roos s vw of h word Wh ur w ocs s or h Egh, o {Ge(h d ro for Hg, r w cordco hs r bov w w ovg d ovd corco of h g o

sf h procs of crg d coprhd h wod, cocpos of h cordco of h poc f,o cordcos s cocpo (W co o odscss h r h Phenomenolo H dp poss o h o h cosousss ou of ro b 's hr prdspoo d ho h s pr ur v d pr crb hs ow cv how coscouss vop o

of sfcosco s rsu of sr ro o hghr ordr, how hs procss of hu dvopgvs s o d h drg pcp of sh spcc Toghr wh d, d hus of ousso wh ph d o d h dcc pcph osu ohr udd coro oHg' ooogc oro so rg: r cor

dcos h cocpo of d sf24


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HEGEL

T oot of ts otdtio lis t rlto t

�d sot Hg dos ot d from te oetiv� sp us e se e k to ve m ontoloy t · d f b · tooos f o s m , o so1 g-w tvr 1t my

� ts f-ostly ave e x iste c wi s

t o th divda consciose ss f pticul mn,

s g v of toomosy deteming d

td dyi i re tio to te ndvdu . Bt t

os ot g t ft tt te move me nt of tis dymi

s s sytsis of indvidu ts d pssion et., for

tog ts tly oce ed (bt ol direty ! ) fom t

vl ososss, te use s slts r s til v

l stt o t te idivid msf tougt ,flt o tdd. If ts strt s dy pst n t

of t dvd l ososnss, c oly e x st

so otx t, t s se t in qattively more te vios di ts re insep etnedtogt to od soci movemt, o mtter etet vdl tded to sot ot o

t t dted gst o ot. Hee i t solt jstbl fom te stdont o ontoo of so ng to sie tis totity, ts dynmic nd otto tonsip of invual cts, ing sui generis.

I t Phenomeolog, i tcul, Hg s co lty lar to ts nspae inteonnton etwn te ndvdual nd socity: 'Thi ubstc [pirt ] s lke ws the nvs out, wougt d crt by t ction of e c , ostttg teir unt d ikss ad ietityof mng; fo it s se f-e stnc, te slf , ction. Quasst, spt s nnding se f -smness slf -idntt ; ut �ua f o ts, slx istnce ad e f -dte mnd [ Fursichsein J,Is cotnuty s rsolvd into discrt e eme nts it s the se f s so o gooss e be vot sse �tl tu i w

ls s own i wok, e s t ontim 5


35/128

ONOLOY

o t vs sbst, ts s ow s o t i

oto o t ss to v os s jst t

t o t st to t srt sl o ll t svr idividls; t is t ovig sol o t tsub t sultt ivsl siritl ig jst b ecau tis sst s ig solv i t sl it is ot li lsss t t liv '2 1 t tt its sl·sotd sbsttt l is ti o·

sis dos stll ot dstoy t ot ootio o soil o ld Hgl is lso oltl o

t

groud o t old ss twitdraal

o t idiy o t t ltos tt ti

i i t sstl st o soil ig o tritio o idivid i id i is iloop oto Sii t is sstil slt o its o ivi it tity is t tsdg o imdit sil tistnt gtio o tt st d t tinto i tsl 2 os t lt vlot o tPiloso o Hto till t iloso f

R, t o o d oolly o v ot vs 'tisizd d idid st t s sv o its yna

ontos t t tvt o dvs wv�

gtly dsv os sl- ns usns

i sts l o tsl t si ooto t ostto tl l sot s to otl olsd t vst o teotl diti o os o ssotg

ls t dilt o soit d istoy o os t qstio s to o s igidto

d distoto o Hgls stol dti ot o o to tt ol o os tt l srid Hgls so otology ligttil o t ovdd ss o t ltosis it td d o ts o sst o tt o

o tl ottos t s i ot ssl


36/128

HEEL

t t objct a tt obt o o oma m ceto o natr mot tl a o a tchc matra o w o at b

: ta o t o to

c looa t m T t t , o o a t lt wo nw ut otao sh l at oa aa totlo r t : w mt o c om (m mam o m,clsil rm hoo a to trapo ow

of t t losopha a o am, n ot ls omogo c o na sociey. ct S ma atm suh losohca mataton wa mmanew in 's attmpt tm tha unrtoo t th n tog a loa ba T , I a wn dil 23 n momnt n a G

philosp y ; t, Fct Shlng oo or t omaogi o to tm n t njudgmns t but t x at th ha to a n y tol oopc trms tat wrnily t of ths ogc t wa on wt gl lgi, l o b m a ctca om,bm r f t ontl

T c c mrg t th bging H's ork nc of Schng' lsp i t gnst ct' t rt tora i fs jctv sm ast th subjct m Kn t ct grchs bck rormmatcall toS ns ci 4 Tu s ot mto m a� bu r sohr', a prooton ofS nza ms csv r t s olmc: "T

d ct f (o t subjct) "s t


37/128

a h nncn n th bctvn t h bc a h bc , h a onnc n th a a ctVnan cpn a ctnan. 25 h t pna was c ' h f nw a p n t hh. aa pna' n pn ncntn h a pba b atc n h w w pativ it , w hn hn aua ht w n wh h nhnn' h s ht th

bjctv bjctv ont c bch aa n ah, b un poloc ta ccnc h cin wh bc In f a l atacn h ' h owl, h c nt , a as t ( h as oui cu b cbn wth ss pu f ss th f ss st stoloc

noloc subjc f h Ficht, bu aah ob an th h ntt f bct bc, n fh xnn chln' pth . nau a, n ubc bjc, h n cticontc f t possb, f h qus th o nw ar n. 26

Wth th nt t of subjct bc w v c tpint a hch wha w hv c 's sc ntoo

wh s tnab chac a ts appac. Fojus h nghn' chc octr ncapab of xpan h cc c n th suc of h bcts hat s pn of hi th ol, so th th f t c subjct objct phisophic h which h t vit th bsc otgc facts t chv its itn ncation of subjct

objct. n, at lt povsly, a hsh jd


38/128

L

tory w o not Jo gt of t prov o t •

c opn nw at or nowl T rfn to

; �oz w n at no ant : t tmat tn � ubjct, t npab raonp to t rl wor

0 f objct,

t o aqut onp o t

�or rom t trconnecton f twot- ret

v tog t wa xpr r n t form of

loopca mt, nrt or trony rct

tow t objtv rty t w Kt ' ptemoog f

tcnta bjctm, vn tog e rmtt

rctc of mipulton t t prcti mpir ve. T

trgy o cc Grman poopy- trm of t

story o ploopyan of g n prtcr s rclytt te ttmpt to ovcom bot te mtc pct

o mtrm t trace nta bjctt o Knt sm t w forc nto pot ng te ntty of subjct objct, t to poton wc wa not oly ntnabl tsl from te tnpont of rtc ontolo, btc lo blong m repct to pt p

ro o n wc t rntto to t poit o t-tss twn mtra m d dm d not yt soca vlop w t ca n t Enlgtnmnt

s s o so w Hg' cor to po sv mo qtonbl t w Spoz' orglthss n hs ow tm. Bt th bcam f mor qtonble n H 's own ca, or vo nt-lat rason. T t o ts a tat t tty o te o a comba-to o thngs ad ide, taken f rom Spinoza' statcoo rt 'more eometnco , s b t o screpnc t t org mol t rcv o Hgl tocl ynmc crctr. T

'more

metrico ' ct otoogcal twlgt t rlt I to that w poib in Spnoza's prod, p tculaly�us te tur cnc of tt tm coul pc o Jet

Vtes d r ntrconnctns far mo go-2


39/128

ONOO

etc t possible t te t. Even f he pyscsof Heels tie ot yet ueon ecv sfoto, te ie of cic ceis, h ce n hre of bioogy, etc., h lay cnab ac hepictue of ntue fo tht of Spina a. h con inhe tetet of oci pnoe w ponouce.Te istinctio betee coect ncoct, e f,goo b, ec, whch in Spn w ce, ubiousy logc etcly b, ac eync stc chce n h w f he nchevolutin, t w not the le f ' achvs, gns is gnct cotp, ha e

cively, in he o cophen pfune, e copx t conc pbe. g e p to Spn n he x h w ubove, whc stil atets a cn c wh Schg, gh s e h pc uny f ubcd obcty n eoc pon fepue b y n h x h ha pc

fu tors t of ubct bc, n ne a w wgh, n whch th av nlogc eny bwn obc e wipeptb, vse n h fce of h ng unanof ne ync nowleg.

t i o plc he to psn, evn n th befest way,te velopent of te ntc subcbc ncy. Ou t a h on p hw

wa cunc h cncpn ha fo ' nl.t sou a b n t vn h f oe cuto t c w Sch. Wh fchng, h nc bwn nar h huw w ha h nca ubcobc w n h f cocu, n he a h cncu fobectvy, cnncon, v, c., not

ecoe n nu y n of ctve ubctv pncpe.0


40/128

GL

stl jor tp o o cllng, r tb ntur to b co i ts ubjctfr fitnce, copltl nint to bjctivtvn , w l , o ontogcl il untn. tllos o ths, s r t knowg ntur onc, tht w t bck ro ntura bjct, lan th juting osv to th. 27 hv ise, in cntrt to th Rtic ntur phioph, t coct io o ntu a hol, of th pibt odty o atal knowg, tht coul in no p untl obstacl r th objctiv, sthoohg thod, o an prticu ustio of cintic rch.

Th eston to hthe n how fr g hr th roug t t v thn osb i out thop o this invt igtn, ti th cptnc thnt utho t i crtn i ipl tht th bconcpton jst ittl xclu o, nturacntctetnt th anti, with t pttoogcal it nction tht for t th bjct o nwg

i p h wor f phon, whl or g t tnc being itftu tl rcvs t lost c in th nt

c c o vlo o dc ubctjct to its slfttt Nte hs st itlf d i t o of oth ic thero th Ia sh ntve of it, o i xtl to tl tu i ntl t lato to ths d d to ts ubjctvstc piit) t trut s rthe tht xtlysttuts th pcc chcte ich Ntu, atur, ists. ' 21 As He ge l ts t s Scince of Log, Th t otc of atu, tht it cot dh t n xhbt stctss o t tion d s wl ths bntionl [bo] ultplcit' Tis h vr fr-racinoscs o t ol Hgli cocto f tu.

osly follog o t ssg d bov, gl sss


41/128

ONTOLOGY

t v cll l Te i l l ge c s not eseee ni tn tcaci ci o it ts ttis Bot iew tcs inkig te ti s bt t rest tf c t bcse te the side its ltalit T t s st ow ste t c l bd its iee t t e elsbitt ivs ter ecesit gec cceii wic weve s t b tk r e t tebstct act f oige19 W cant d d ttd t ci in r dt e the qnce thi ttingoint o ge's il t ld

sil b nted tat t i e secic cctetic tontlgc minati t tt hi t qetat aks it imible r Hegl t ceiv cogizet iticit of nat Eve tg ws i self a atbaking tot of histcit in t l cit vtug t t vti w ld t duh cotmo of gl Gothe Okn in Gm

ack n Goo ilai Fc a alciev c tow its estit Hgl il nl obliios t tis sti t ntjct t obl s T w volti wictt te ifct less ws t stt s t liqi elee es rs ie wt t vve lts s llcs nl ss ten e e we evlv d

is n l t l i ce Ts ti i cd elti tdit is ctin w cs te il t t still ises Bt tg tis ntittveice i l tis te ist t st it esnt ell li t ll '30

3


42/128

ave o aive at oe of the ost potataictios Hee's otoo the chaactestcs of, etee ecise by the pace that atue hos teel questioable heach that thus ases, e

etu t sotl Fst, so ofte th ee, e have

icate te otloc heath coect obvese of eea cceptio of atue, eve thouh the evato ecutio of tis cocepto eas o the ote h nto ith of eslvable otoloica toes What e ee e the cosequeces of such a cocepto ate fo a a fo hua actvit. t as Epcuus Heel i a paces og ujustabl

s, ho st fouate the pcatios of thss toas atue fo etics Peope ho keel ell have coectl uestoo a aee th ths f s otoo of natue. As Hech ee ecs hso speaki of a covesato th ee Oe e, iht e stoo togethe at the o a oung of tetto ho ha just eate e a k

e soke ethusatca about te sts efee to as te aboe of the besse The te, hoeve, ttee to hsef: The stas , h h! The sta ae just a lepos o eave o ods sae, ce, st ha lac u tee, hee vtue c be eeftr deat? e, eve, lookig e at e th hs es said cttl So, u at soe k of tp fol kg afte o sck othe o fo ot av osoeyur othe? 31 fa also ects, i hs ecolectios ofte ea epeat the epesso o f Heel tful aste i hilosoph Eve the cia thouht illai s eate a oe suble tha a the oesf ve '32 Te e a just epas of ee bt a eea fe of te te Eve the ouGth a etus sa


43/128

ONOLOY

W haen diese See drenFr ein Rec a michDass sie mich egaen ?

ad i his Harzrise im Winr'

Hine ihm sclagenDie Srache usammen,Das Gras seh ieder au b

Wh iht ovr Hv ths str abov,Tht th should p t ? '

b Th bushs closTothr bhin h,Th s ss up n . . . '

is thc rvv of pcu, whch w wth nh nn no hsorcl conou, but fo th

thorticll piv tdc, brouht to n thintrit prio of pnthis n phosoph. Th tonoloc volution o th Rssc ssnil stodth phosophic tht th ron nov n hnstnc ctio th prodc of rous rnscnc. bsc tc, howr, th crcptons, w to plc otcal , rliouswor w b on th , thouh fotn opn to th

wo, w s oftn rlou. I spontous hppntht whl h trscnnt God ppa fro ontolo,o t lt f to coplt nonobcti, h aspc, wth c cptons, b a sive nauaWhn chopnhr schvous b nnous clpths pot ths, h chctd ntnnc vo n t, v f onl spclly Wht

pps as th icto' of tur, fro Gorno Bno4


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HEEL

Spa , w , c whsc p, a a ac w, a a i a e a a. p aa

chc, pap n bca f hi, i ha i n a

e ca b iw f w. I a p c a a wa he i pan h cn hpp cin h nw an na a h Cpc a, h w a a awo f ca cncin ainof a a in n a

o h h a ejcn n pac ce b he vw f n phi is h a p sc a han h n c, cncn w h an, nnhn ppi w. (, , Geh' om p n. Of c can cc c hee h vepn f hs nc. b

en, h, h ch f phi wa fnse an , n h wy k pan fnsf an h h , w b. a n e n he sen he he yn Schn. cepn f n he I is hes, . f ae ncy f he sbc, c n of pes pce eel phlphy f ne ni espc he s f n Epice er. h s c ny pp ph. W hvley nc he ec ls o Hee' cncepn f, shal se l h lvb n ha cnan f h p w in ce

e he js scbe he cncpn f na ', n hs ephi scin f h e

r h by he scnce by phlsphcl�5


45/128

at nn h pont. (at th at phst ncn twa ch acncptn n n wa ac h cncn, hth act tha h cncpton n wa a t t. h nctn btwn tann tn nn n a p nca n s th ac ctc cncan hnc sbctbc n a pc n whch h bc pps t ts ts nt sbct . cn hnc h pn h a h n bstanc t bct a w'. h n banc . . tat bn whch bc, , wha h a h,

aca o n h pc pnt, n an ts s ts anstns n sat ptn h ppos. ' t s h pcss t swn bcn, h cc whch ppps t n a tps, h n f t bnnn bccnc act n b bn c an b hn n. '3 hs an sbc bac n

subct wou b a tica wn f H ha cnstnt ca it thh n ntoca ns BtH was awa f to ca tc to o th.n h t in th Pheomeolo h fbtc nt bct, th c b no ob ha h h nn th cpt (absolt n f th sbstc bth bct, hcho a p ntca tpntnot th sa thn th abstact pca th.

H as: o bn , th, t s n h abtactonts that bn t concns cncn hsbstc. Bt nc hs onts p actts t o ar b th nat, cnconsnch tf t h to fo conscsn h ntsbtc, a abb nto sf h nt tct hsbstc th a t csttnt nt . . . poc th

nts ot of tsf thb nstat th onc 36


46/128

L

f t34

obe cs o conscousne ss.

he e enon o sefconscosness rese here s eae coser more concree, s st a ere sc onooc c, bu so prob h ram of nowee; s, Hee sas, h epnnueung o sefconscousness whch estabsheshoo.' 3 Bu espe hs epsemoloc reseaon nta por parcar ces, wou be wrong om ha Heel's bc onologca ea exse meret hs raonn maon n fac, hs entre eo bjc neer abons te procame onoocs hch s wh he crtcs of he oung arx n hs

nmi and Philosophal ausps beas on e cenre ts lc onoo: t s terefore ueson o the oje o oiousness. Ojeiy as sucis a esanged uman reatonsp whch oes nospn to human naue, to selfconscousness. hepprpion of the obectve essence of ma, prouce n m of esrangeen someth aen, erefore mes

c t l esageme bt s jeiy.t s t sa m s r n-oeive, spiual ' But t ssb lt tt Heel does rove t rcctac r omg of estranemen , nauresti l l mas nsrpsa str hc here aheres l ts rlr m tlc trmts t saur a xtrml rxrt stsm

s alr s tt ls tl f tc sbjctbjct a t trasrmt sbsace sbjct a rc lca uat W a mt t ct tat ts clt towars l bs lc a t c c ts u xs l lca cat a lc l stas al t lmt clscl

s Ts t su t tat37


47/128

OOL

Heel one n cnneco th hs ew owlee of heworl, l he founos of ew deccl loc, whleon he oher hn n so fr s hs ew loc s he vehcle ofexpresson for hs new oolo he local ceoes eoverburene wh oologcl cones onolocalrelons e bul no her coecons unccepblew, whle he sme me he mos mpor newonooc nns re m ws dsored b besueee no loc forms Here we hve o e ssue bovel h e nomes hus s he e of oolo; f he mos essel d cpato onoogcascoees of Heel e coceed we shl del wh hem

he nex seco hese aomes re rs of ll product ofhe pecul of he Heela loc hs s teded o theoe h o presee he specc of logc t the hherlevel of he ecc e to epress he mos eeralzerelonshps of re the medum of pre ought Ohe oher h however cotr o ll rdo loc,f h e-ede f f e

of he re world her relaoshps ec s ml gve s bs for elborng seccll locl forms the Heellogc, sce t s spposed to e he me tme otolog epsemolo) ie self the ppece of ot stccepg these obecs etc d smpl tretg themlgcl but of be t let coexstet wth them Teobjecs should o just obt loc rderi specco hs dscple bu rher er rel r s supposed se for the rs me t erfected rgemet Thalre h the result tht the Hegel lgc besdes seue welth of cegoe so res obecs of he reworl d her reloss s logcl ectvt deloshps eve thog logc c e oe omet of he dd ese d cosuto Thus for el trc d elso

see momes of beflf lthh certl


48/128

HGL

v logcal eltonshps ae scuse well s ots Wt s pps most stng s an empe pptl flls o t oppost se rean theg of dtmt ng Hegl sas: t s n mere

b, {Denj, etmoogc aen

bng i c pace; t th e of space s rreehre Kta o pomeolost woul ae beenae o s t sam tough e sough o puf oc ll pscologca components But what noe hre sno d of spc t rte the ueson wher e here los to sset oectve orm f eternaeng fom loc c den ts ut enn

oolocl oct cot fo otoocal ere sno t wtot ts re n now. ee ofcu kw t s v well t t ontolo of he encoc wc space tme ol appear aferogc s n completd the phlosoph of naurefo m fom cocdng ts Ths e m of wh m po qstos fom the ontoogc

pot, s two otoloes stan oppose o one anherc t d dmagg e otTi etodolocl scton ecome mre ace n

e oc s smtos a heo o knwdge. s s o cos o Kts snse of the te ptclly ot t ss of s sccesor The oc o lo cl fod o of detc sujectojec ecue 'c ic sm of ts k of epstemoo. t s o

qui o pstmoog of mmessat et not n a ci o db wwch wou hae he of lii corpodc etwee the reecton e iil xst t On ts ueson he reacon l dsoo of Hegeasm often saw tpk o Hs dosmt te njusta he m i of t ot of trsc exstence no

y g i s ccl dogmsm ege wa procees3


49/128

ONTOLY

from e esve of a ntsc exsece, scompletel aare o e merel approxmae caracer ofeve act of oege; n fac t s prcse hs met tat heplace th approxmaton n the cnr of hs aectcalepstemoo Smp becas of hs pstemolog acrea rac ne an extreme ftfu heme , ch hoeverco on lossom out l n the coscosl mmetcepstemoog of aectca materasm. Bt the aectcsef hch n characte Hges pstmoo sabe to reguate epstemolo at some ver essenta pots whrespect to certa fdamel mportat a coecrelatoshps whn s coect ma penent o

ooo that s fathfl to reat am refeng n partcaleavg ae for the tme beg frther etals that wll escusse ater, to te aecc conecto of uersta g reon, where egel mage o resov, t oe blo t r, the trt ona fs noms bwe overextee ratonasm the alse atonsm evelope opposo to ths

Despte ts mportat teento of epstemologcaperspecves Heges otologca ogc, ecsve anomesevertheess arse a reslt of ontooca facts begsset storte b ter costcto to ogcafoasm Here c ol ea w to sc cesatog te e extreme mport oes; a realcompreesve exposure of te probems sng here worere a comprehensve preseaton of the whoe of Hegel' s

logc Th rs of hese usons coces the roe ofegaton te namc reato of the aectc ForHege, as for e woe of ater ogc, Spnoas omndeerminaio e negaio ' s of ecsve mportce, forprecsel n hs c egaton he negaton of thnegato, e fnmenta motors of the ectca movemet of cocepts. Ts s ste both oca a

epstemoogc. he esto ow s heter s versa4


50/128

HGL

so hos for ontoog Hegel iself s to gret etentl abou he culties th se ere Rgt t te strt s ceee ervion of becomig fro the ilectic eng an nothng he stresses ht t ot ing present ere no the nothig of pril soethg, termnte nothng', bt rther otig i i ts iermnate specc' It s evet, hoever, eve for i,t f he nothng remne smpl nothin, the omin cou never be erve from t (even logicll) theotng must rher p nto is other, nto eing 8

s oes not ust prove begnin fscinting for itsoxc chcter, but Hegel betrstenionll n

onscousthat the nohing c never e te in theoper, lter sense, ut st be attente in ever coretec n so beng s to be nerstoo onl s the otig of ben oher '39 Ths hoever blunts te poit of tel iecc o beng nohing, of te nmc role oftion n ontolo Hege expresses wht re rellologcl categores, oterness engfor-oter,

oal lguge, hle clng to ee the latter tion of beng-in-sef Wht s involve is nothing ore quttve relton between ve strct concepts of, the retio tself cotnng o otologcl eeet oftion Te ie sggests itsef, e rel fct isslte no te lguge of logic or psteolog, toress the ffereces tt ifst tselves hcologcl e copletel positvei te for of egto h connecton it sold frtr e ote tt eto ble to express dstictio i ereel icoletd inente , hc is h i te cocrete iecticlvton, he oment of egto s s to eplemene from te positive sie nef. us egel of i on celebrte iectil vtion of ecof te negtio of eng oing As et ter s

ig there is to eco soetig T egini is1


51/128

ONOLO

ot pe othg, ut a othg fom whch somehng s op thfo to aa otae thbegg '40

Egels lltrate ths stato hs clear popuarfho He we to make ce to Dhng he egeannegato that s eece when for exampe, he p haases ot of a areco negates' ts former exsence as asee: t s take a gr of le Bllons of such ns ofbare e me, boe brewe an hen consume. Btf sch a gran of bare meets wth conons whch eor for t f t fs o sae so, he uner henuece of heat mostre ergoes a spec c change,

t germates; the gan sch cees o exs, s negae,an n ts pace appears the plt whch has asen rom t,he negaon of the gn' hus n he rea wor , he anof arle s n numere ces annihid hs s he properotoogc expresson for the term egaon', whch h aene ogca meg ut oes not me mch onooc. s on n a certan cocrete stuaon a e

ga of ae gves rse to ts oogc norm oheess,the plt. O the oe ha, howeve, he cocree ecsechaterstcs of ths otheess are astract ore f t consere the negaton' of the g, whe on the oeha hs re ecta poces s osce n so far hetem egaton' gs t to a fomal cocto wth esthat have tte o o th ths poces a mate sese. hek acng Enges w thus to separate the onoogca,

ecca neaton from he nnumerabe negaons of amere ogc forma character; hs wa ecomesevet tha thee c e o form, ogca or epsem oogcalcrtera for ths separato, t that t s awas necessar oappe o the re process tself, to the cocree rea; thesngushn moment s the ene n a pre onoogc postve sense he smpto of sch heerogenous

pheomea une the ogc t neaon' ths on42


52/128

HEEL

fuse e reonhp nea of umnan hem. s no b chce h hppens, for houh he m

er absrc onooc caeores e me b of ben, he smpe facs of nornc nu

.e o een e wh co Hmn escbes pes

e ter pures mo uerae moe of appence one who coner he ontooc features s unpreuce fhon mus come o te concuson tere s no such n here a eon, but mere ac o rnsformon rom one form of ben ntor, mere chn o reaons n whch each eemn h leous n oheess a beforoher he oc

psemooc coecness scce of Spnoao of eton h the of neaton n no ws hs otooc probem. For een f the concree of oherness (he pt Enes' xmpe s n a oc epsemooc sese th the ofon, ths os not me ha onooca the otherness eto of the erer stte t shou so no be

oten that vn for Spnoz egon w a methooocen of the eton sef, s necess oc moe ofce; our ss of Hms coceos h at te recon of ths tess es to competelo of e ocoepstmooc to we, gto, pped to exs, quttvl specs prosses, c o be r mbuous eto So o s questo of obcts ss c t becom or os no bos tee mo of beg, sems compltel msb to us o opere te cteo of ato mt rcton f ts spr of beng, t oes ot o e mo of be of su otooc obects, whch to c t sub s for s o whre the or obece voves rc rsformt

so oms o bvt o oss t ts3


53/128

OOLG

can so be conce negaton n obecte ontoogcsense For nstc, the bologca reproucton of a lvnbeng noles phscal nd chemc las n a trscendeform e these are sordted to the ls of bologcreproucton); hen ths reroducto cees, on eath, thconsttuent mteal o the ormer orgsm s agan subecto the norm phsca d chemc la of ts matths ce noles obecte ontologca negaton, eethoug ths negaton h no sbect; t s the negaton o thprocess o selfreproucto hch ht consttuted thorgsm, an the negto does not ust e rse to somthng erent, but to sometng that s ontologcall e

reaton to ths. hs stuato s repeate at hgher leel soc beng er, hoeer, te negaton h a subct , thoug}ths subect s not of ere mmetc charctr as n threlatonshps of nture; ts ctt and the negaton nolen ths s rea here obecte momet o te ontologof soc beng gel loc, t ts bstrctl unersloc enerzaton o eton to udtl

m e1

of ectc process, thereb obltertes the speccto soca eg een to egel generall ntene tmke, d ctall dd bgst eort precel elucdt ts s d oremost te ce hen thnegto relted to tcal socl tvt n pretheoretc ement e o loc, sc s ere are see-hedd dragos he orm of egto orresponds tte re of ths or ctl de te estence o

sc dos, d ot ore) But s soethn les relcan de th onc, te ths sentecorresod to a oletel deret d of relt Thor ests, bt t sol ot et oter ord so ctt s ecr o ke t otet rtl sl lo eresson t nols ereret retes, refore dort secc oto

logc t For oled n te r orld s soe


54/128

L

oer ar more h a mer rc .n ve pracce, h sncon ps n e Bu when ra scons e xprsse hs , s t he Hege exenson o he va o

to hen hs mprecson eas o a sron o e

t Enges, for exampe, wo maes sma cao hs evaon o he nean f he nao herne gto) hmsef shows hs aweness heoophca precaous suaon whch he h husouvre hmse no. For aer he h appe hs b unversa o he mos verse s, h ss: sa tt a hese processes e a naon he

to brng thm a ogeher uner h ne aw to or s ver reon eave ou o acco hec pecues o each nvu procss.' u be h o n a genune unvrs aw whosept rezatons, when compare wh ne her,pce bsurts A eah rom ccer s mst rom ro's t for a rea cause u

ec both th th rea concung momen o h i -oss) th o no generae orm o asur.Fo th r rtoshs o beng, he couneosn hr rt tr tct s cean n n wur (Te tt rc s o course s no absur.)h o ob ct necessa) when orma mt bo up to orms o bg Ths sw s ms cts t ustob otoogca t o h oc vto o the negaton o gt

to th brt th o orgsm s h on o to us o to tot a subjct t sms tork t mc bo bt to otoogc rt v o b T tos tt cotr r o oc b r ot o k otooc

wi cts o ct but t crctrstc tur s


55/128

NTGY

p h h h nc p , ppp cc cn n . a h a cn f c w c c n h n pp h, n h n wc nn wh w nc. h r r f ppn h nn, c f, f c n, p h ' ch . n p p pp h n, cn nc, hn prcc h huh hn nn. h n h

hppn n n, f whch pr c h fr h cn n, fh nub bhn, w n h c nb h n , b pp l a n hn n h pxen h n w an a ne epb.

Ts , whh pts t r ue,l hn wh h rew, b w pc h pn. Th bshn f wh b ppp ethen n h whch u us bj p pp , whh n hves,n he , n f h bj' hs, hc h h p n h h u

h h , h pcc w b w rn n. h r hhr bn h h h phef n n whh chh p h w. b shh he pc prsuppse prs ppr h kd Th es

h n , pr t srut6


56/128

o prctc, ro ts trcto th th objctv, tht t s sco rcto of th rt tht sdssou th prctc hce th ts objct r pruppostos, but tht bcse of ts spsbt

o

ch rt t cot b cteor of osoc

tht sts otooc tslf he hooosd whch rto to rs s o of theos portt thoooc cotos or cocteco o th rt s t exss sf, hce for co tht promss sccess The reecto s spccms of obctvt b f reoved fro he re worl t s suct to rfer to thetcs or oet), bt f s reproucto of ht s sset rt, n tsos o os, hts upo wh s correct fro h hd soc pot of , h t c dce ctos htqre otooc csv scce for soc be

Th etr phosoph s esst ort to ko of soct hstor ec ts cteors by hr ur pt to ths spher o b h ct

tt h ost vb r bo thsre, cosuece of hr suborto to loc, t he r thu storte r the otolo of b cocee, more h mee orm o erceo he st Bt o tter o sevrl ctcolo poss wht s thortc , t sho evrs sht o th mportt rl to he Mrxstsscs r thror rht to spek, ot o rjc theel ctc, bt o vrt t, pc o ts Ths crtc rocss s o cose f or cocted d f or rc th t pprd to thos pos wholev tht th ed rth co be broht to th lht ofdy b r che o t ss Wht w eded hr to o bck o th rscl exst ret l f to ste ro ths bs ht er

cos t tle of rth d fshoo L, for7


57/128

ONOLO

d suh foruao of Hege s was oa sos Ths acepce, wv suosd soous oogc reesa. I oha h frm f h sygs eze pracce, bur s ger fo eemes ha e cnane vy cc a cosoda he pracce fu oug o a vr or asrc fo, u y,o ou o hs housdofod rpo', eyqu e sy xm

Log o he mos rn mgenus mea hu e he wor of ough ae eae. here so sg or reo cno be uaey

d c eemes d ros of he re w os o uae hav o b s referr. he eec gc sorc devo of md, hwever, s has os of dpur s o eo ex nse hehoogous du o og , a hs omogeous meumss o og o y cose sefpsesysm, ws mgezd sysem charae pres e

oudon fo s uvrs oug we d ros w h e oaed quesns f h d dvo fo mus be pneou h oogous d ssa arcer f gc haus ss ad aga d es o usos whh d sys of h ogy hoogz word f ess suos o be a o sw robes ha ase frme rea os f . Tedces of hs n ca reay

se wh Rauus Luus Lez's mas unal ', d are wdsred od poss eosof uvsa uo w oror, have se,dy a d of ooog f Heg dsgsesf fo s predessors d he re s from urceor rpreees f uersa gc sse,sy so fa s d d o se ogc, de s eer

sy s ss as rary of


58/128

EE

ure, o wy sou o cosruc hs uverss c sys y a mee ee d compeo of s g ogc,emac, ec , u rher, o he s of ooogca c s d sghs, ugh o creae a rdcy ew ogc

cc og c, order o ve ogc ssem o f eg ecmg he ere ed of egsef The deccojec d he rsformo of susce su e he vehces of he rsfoao f he ogcy sysem gc

ave redy see h ogc cees homogeusdium hough whose sucur us quveye from h of he rscy heeoge re,

y ecuse rs homogeous edum mu be ey sposed from he ce where heeogeous bjecs ,ces, ec. rey uece oe oher e hve reayussed he mea opeos h herey ecomessy eg physc ereo of he re pheme have ee expessed mhemca form Wha sved here is h wh hs ee mhecy homo

mus oe more be rough coeco h hecve rey y me ephs d cco heogeus charcer o s copoes (I s uece sss s ec oogezo c g o mpor pec of ey h woud ohse o ecpe) f he homogeous du h see hedo of e owedg eo s oc oe he cr wee he hoogos es of owedge heerogous rey s d y he spc feur e cop of heogeos phmeich s herefo o med cpe of g syseed d pu o hrrchic od s rpoduced gh homogousy cosed herchc syse

h s decsve here s he quesoe chrcer f hechy, for he coverso of hogeey o hmo

y s feure of odge d c ways e


59/128

OOLOGY

td og th pt f t ppoxi io to th lobs if th as of odg hdd pop d i suit tal h ustio f h issog ls F s gt hiah sstis l ossb a oogos iuhis hoogo psl povig h ss fo gig obts i hgh o lr post fo s i poi of vw ultg th bo abov tr to fo utpsptv o th ltiosis s iod i isopltl f to th tgous it tajt of spic qsos s w s s ct ths sp o t ho bst gl

ts ght b but fo lt whol ortio of tis s fuatl ossi (T piul t ofa whr h x sv o ogous toli of l stcall rpru s spcl uttv dnsv tot, hogos to th sss v l t h bo e pcci o e eseic h tgoiseessa r hs taspst o suc vuly f

artk vsio tg ptii tough ttyp t ot ivovd i th s of si dphsoph )44

Ths dl so i th o ht isphlsphl rlatv sip oslto dvlot of a pt ogis o soi oto isog usio of gss h s of ts bi(a dth) t st tst of h

spec bg qusto o howv o ocpt isuc o h rsptv of hth his duiprces f h gl to th pril o fo tpartula t h g s log s logi is pdhodoogl sohig th os ot dtir bu t s bd fo b stio t iso fo hs o gv is o hig tht

storts ou owldg of it ( of ou


60/128

HGE

a s wa c hae. Bu whe, ee, i oceed he heec fodan n, aodabe a oc eucos come o be cnce he proper form of oog gee. I h wa, a

stema

d og hech comes fom he bs heooca pah o he sefezao of he e ec d obec, d he sfomao f subsce ne. Eve aego m he ob chaaeco d sgce, boh a ogca coce ueos ooogc obje, fom he ace opes aog hs pah e hechc ode has ases § esrbed b ege erms of he ae, hhe

ed aegor beg he h' of he eae, owe oe, t he oa eaoshp bewee wo caegore cosee essea coeo of rea objece comexe. hiech h sef ohg o o wh he oocdo a re rea reaosp bewee re. Aide bewee ooogca oeco giah a he bes e be o a fouae ccen

, a gve re o exee abidecao. Fr se, ege es heocn he seod p of he Eylpa, he Phoh ofNr 'Am tr s h o ure,eabe of er; he s e h of h ot a sse s he mos absrac e whch het ad he uh f each sphere s he ; bu h ag s the st f a hhe sphee s he ecess of he Idea ses sphe o pee se b pasg o the he oe ad the vae of fors u besideed s eessa d deeae '

this u te epe we see oce ag's tep exa fo the ooo of aue adae asis f hua soe O he oe had, how he dtts h e oa oe of h suboda

e ide ise of fe d soe o5 1


61/128

NTLGY

t a c ecesst wc e e awe ausreatnsp mpermssbe tee acent. screef ts n between the ca f f eut het ctet f he reatnsh n questn mu as

a t e ess mpt eme f btness thec ucn tsef. es ea te h thetrsts frm ne cate r fm ne cntactn tthe e t e ear aays abta. 6 O the the h cse reate we shud metn here the ctcsm fthe un Ma rea que he eect that ee'ssca phshy reps the resentatn f th reareatnshps b the fm apcan f ca es whch

ce agan cate the ment atn f t b.

es cect ceashte ctcsm ufrtuatees wth the frm cetn f he catere at wth the tcy mre mprat questi f thepst f the cateres he ca herachccntct f t sem. s we hae n n he quet

f te st f the t te sar sstem t s s t mere f questn f arrgmet but rather oe f thesst caractstcs y bject s tat the rfudscrepcs betwee ogc a to eerge qutbatt ere We sh meto e tcuarymrtt c Heg seeks to dduce teleg s the hhrrcie from the dactc f mchs d cmsm rer t pav th way fr the trstn t th dea at thit here th ce f fe the e reatsh f subjetto substac sti a tura e but gg byo rgaiture ds ts epresso Tee thus appers accrdt th sche of hs systems costructio the tth omchs d chemsm. We e st for the t thrm f tur but at its brder d thus tgoig-beyod·tsl atre s lgcy ruce t th

dect dpmet sce Kt had prosse uch too


62/128


63/128

LY

aur causa abur ee hu r f her ccree ecc ercec ee rcze cec hs fu e bu ha f he ecca

furher a hher ee h ruaes bee csc ecms heeea acc csss e he ac h wh hefrer h rs pu far ec ss f h hme e h h h cse s c scce I s er sucemphsze ha espe hs smeha ca sufrua he prce f hs er mr rca r

re uee hher eepme es sc cuf re h s ca fua eraprecse hs esa f abur h ea surfacs ve ea ee's ork ee befre hePheomeol; he sas for stce of he scce fe oo ha m es ature e se u s am th tob s euaes he he:

cuig ' 0 a pssage of te Lo he caes quecear the urvg momes of abur ccreecases . he pough s mo ourabe a emmeatel e ejmets procure b hch ees. Th ool s he the mmeae ejes passaa a e fre I hs oos m ossesses pwer ereer aure ee huh respec f hs es he s h cotr subjec . ' O he her ha hs eapthbreak ccep f bur as ose ee sfr ege smp usra fc a amssbefr he ca reashp ch ee sapes h a cy cce ure e hf mechsm a chemsm e a cter f auretsef ha hat s ve here s e hve are see se ca rast rm he oo to the Iea ay

er he chaacer f cy me euc


64/128

HL

wods t stlst of tlo u wc s t w d g d pssd

t tis is o o fo, if t po of t dispcy w oso of tloo

ogcl ti pt tos t itil suct d its dio t tgo tt psss h d pposito t tu d soiy Ild o fogo t tis tio scoss dt sti ig t tit of g's iosop i is lssis ot dscbd tditio t ss d od o sdi of gls ss (of s otolo od

i it is ol sist t logc s ow ss fos t stig-poit of is ss I oh i wi log is ot t foudio of oogy, wod sipl qustio of g, wc d t tig ssi ut is s o so i g's t fc t Logic cos fo ilosopis of Nu d id s id o

i sigi; thog iiil cosids ogc gois s ctgos of tougt Hgl s focd s o t to ipss o hs idio cc urto ss H os is ig t t s of nce o oc i disi d uist wy:di l is to stood s t sst of pu o f u tg Tis is u i itot i i its o sol t It c si tt tis ot is t positio of Go s is ssc fo t to of u i t id 2 Logi ctgos o o t c o gos of oug, u siuously cqu ti f t toug wi ss ol, d isid i t lolog psitig of wold Tus s t sis o ist of tis opo w,

si of t Sc o oc t t stg of slf55


65/128

NLGY

ttt of th t t f is ts dtt tu s this t h sf-ostg oth 5

t i s o f tst fo u i his cotio i s simpy tt osuc of oig of this i te who oftu d t ti soi o is e ito sigtoogi oss i i vtig t t ogvot of th s ot i te fo oftgois os s it t o g tt iict i Logi o d y hd's ow ity o fos t ousio of tss is pt sfttit of tis i

ot oy d ut siuousy its o it It ivit tht th bsi sttu f this dic is stogyist of th thoogi sst i whic God s ctos th ous woout Tus th ogsste s Hegthog o i hs i octo oi th ts of ts otioc to titio w ofth wod th w ad ong sup Th nyis o

toog i aou to i w hv ady ttio s th otitio to hih hs gvs is t o ig Th o o t i ooc toogi sstms ws ii so ou (Go si tough i uosiou sonousfsio g o o ot oi d oious th ss of ou i istic thissi ut h to t si his ow tot

iscovs i o to i is fs si oto v s oft o sow i wfoos tht oth t Lo isf n dvotahsto of a fu of atcu stios d dcose of oct tiosis t ich oti ofoud otoogi iig Ts v ithiiv o o i ositio o ovo t

si ss of t t oot t


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L

og dd o ogc gs uc o t tough is ow ti d t foow dow o prs ay is aordri ftfu; bu as fr sst s coc ts awas a a uc

iitig t vot of das v s tt t y positio of ogc t fram o gs sst ds to dg t attr a rgoust f igos g s gttious o w arg sctio of actatodo toogsts d tsvs o wi tdica g of is fows saw i dssd ats taicto tttos of ts k etab coca

ofoud bguity i g's cocpo of rgo oa w w a r s g's poso oarsgo as og i como ms ema t scuay doit fo h os skg g tscto i s tat goo vr troub msf wh gous such Scrmachr phs on tts ioica; cossty rjc Jacob's

c fo dict owg ot os rgo; hs ots r fu of trmy stcd roc rmks o o f rgo i vryay f c Ev ar for i s poc gast at owg ist td is ot s o strcy ogmatc cotts c sb tt a oy supor cotpt fo s d d cozd t cotts ocayd curc as of pary soca rvac st i if 55 id a ts stds s amguousito twds igo itsf O t o a cotus Eigtt tdtio of a aoa rgo at aot to t cg coos Buti t iotat gus of t Gr Eghtmed t f orssv tdcs rgous es t ti i t d oy bw ts a

ds f wic ssary vovd t 5 7


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ONO

opposto to ortoo r ll eu stat b o rlgo g o k pemc aast th ots of ro ts r or stoc tes a trfoe stps o th t of sfvemet Wat as rob abo rgo rHe smp ta t epssd at lor fpct rprestato [Vorelug t s ott psop o a post o to ras o t l of ot Ts th cott or rs of rlg rsubjctd t crtcsm Hgl rey od t sdectcl ategos ad rlts oud b dor tm as posop sl f o y ot yt t t ll o

oto Ths s prssd os prcy t eoeoogPctoral prstato [ Vorelle osts atstc form c st scous of lf ts seos commuo Ts fom s ot yt t slfcoscousss o sprt c as ra ts to noto the medat procss s stl colt tscoeon f beg ad thought te tr s a df

sprt lf s st cbr wt ocl rmpto to a r' a byo' T coe s t rcot but a s momts pc lmt mr maatv psetato ave th caratr t o f bgccptua compehe bt o appag s omptlept aspcts tral rlat to o otr or that t t cott ay aso obt s r orm rcoscousess t attr must ecssarly s to gr

pe of mta devopmt t absot bsta st tutvey appreded but coceptaly ord r coscosss s or iel brougt t ll ts sconscusessa ths as ry tak l objve or o us'5 t s t tr eomeoog ra apoeoc spt so t ocpto of rlg by Napoo's tt tor g

o ts hstorca stc or t 5


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L

v farach rece tds ts te tureFr aec Frce, re t be tegrt th e burs stte fr ee's Germ t tehh whch met crsded t ths

W w that the reset d the est stte remedetr cats f md fr ee eve fter Ne'sverhrw, he Restrt erd The rresdgeto the Eyloada s: Whe the edyd ssuues f she d ede s suerseded Gds t f ctet, the esset d tu srit ftur d srt he ot f r he s rst f reted t cscusess met reresett Ths

uct reresett ves t the eeets f hsctt, e h sete eg mg them resusts ts ech ther d hee hhsucceed ech ther ther retsh t mes sees vets ccrd t te reetve cteges ' 5 ursthe ctet f these terretts f te te Hegel s ieret e frm tht the er e gret Ne

rts d te eter rrcht trs reve umtes te te etures t s thstee f Gd ee's hs tc ret etve met rety osttly cres but s tsever resuts re rf t lt t tstets Eve tg rtgs s e os su Hees ot r te ttt o theseetos tey eress e te less et t esemts Te t tt e te eetee r d hoshy e etee oto t the se tt He lys rt stss thtrst betee here' th bey ts te utrehg crrees o te t-relg terts

ter of urse Heel's ts-sdess s lr srecty t the fre t ts tu

ortt r l t


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70/128

HEGL

dences her suppt d mens heomcs her hts , partcu Scheeaheran ere, bth f em hse eeasm, whereges phsph h bee mrt nuece n the

sn eenc frm Srauss and Feuerbach thuh t

asm, h s earth d hsse reat.e hsca necess f ths mvemen, ts mpceo te cect ccep sc ben h mae unepte crca ebe h ege a vta quest frsm n a dube et ued sese: fr the most severetcsm f Hee's rerade eemts s precse sabeom he cc eensn f hs prressve es. hs s wh

e un ar tce ee hs cr dssertatnre he had ved at hs w phsph, a s d n hs cr cmets, patcual Heescenc f L These crcsms t combed stved eatve but he wee as dssubl d t theuremets he da, theee aays fcus thseecs that have becme ey questos th furher

epmet Msm at te gve t tme. hus ce 's c tcsm egel r eaml t w hestmooca pet that pedomatd. Ate Le, ths ao oe. e oe asmced to the vsg ts o me thoers' mvemt (ths cus y catstutres hl o th th ad s tat wasud to oal scmtsm sclcl dogatcil actcs s ctet by ad s olos.

est sudy ams t e-stlsg cotc thee tadtos Masm. hs s the eas ag thet f sca beg ts them or he st chas geusy dstod sucly ucs d eyooud' toes the evato o Masm t s dues a wll-oudd d oud og a ds a

bs socal be e ocve a o atue,6 1


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NTLG

tt s equppe to et so beg ts smutaeouett eree t ture Ass of te profonomes ee's system s preparo fr suc eucao of he probem Our tas ow s o caeot just te ea aet scoveres of ee theprtcur es where te otrt te fse cosctoof hs ogstc sysem but ter he otoog foutos rces of hs ect the esse oeos

2 Hegel' dlecical onolo an he reeciondeerminaiosWe ve a to stuy some eta he dstoros cause

ege's ooo by te ethooogc eomce ofpres of o. W e o ve to use th e crco thts crtcsm ve s oe to g ou ege's geueotooc ostos fom te mue of cotrc os ' reet t ue fom as ossbe ege's tbrakg ot s t eeve fo tose quesosth otolog has to solve od pcuy ooo of

so beg o td t s If ere we l st ofte to cte te dstotg eectof te etooogc ot of o s system ts oy ts t redot ost ve t of te lysestt o so ss ft of t stoof togt e t tt s st t to g te p tt e d od te esof osoc eveoet d brogt o t d o ts

od e ws t dso o tto stmto f se ot tog t otts s o d o s d os o s stoo oos s o o tsto o oso o og ft s stot otrbed os eos sy t t ooft s ot sso sgg gs s ost

to t o s s to o


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ti a t o x cption nnoator, e t to hav ne d wy to w isights in nnume rabe e ds-e vn f i iske n a cousng foms.

Hgs osiio i polemtc of our own a a ila B ts osition ust mad more concret, is o gv to surtdn. Atr th -Hgia v o the ot-eoutnar era had d te ly questionabe nature o niais ic cosiderd itself so orthodox, bcameet i e orm o evr grte cse, t w t of og sis ites awaknd n ege compresiv oedg d aachig conception of concr

i y n is sng interet gaual eop n osoi move ih the im of reng eg. o gti o iscuo o thi, t should jut beio o on intepetatis hae nothn ino hs deces. Te pure there w too H hisocally t prng ourgo oso o i ic ioled crng unjute

csv oce o his lationshps wth Kt an t o ics us Heg made for th secn tme so coseatism. We mntan n h ois os the uure o t is d costructin s s ivolvs ve uneen deeopment.s d vi agaist forgttng the Hg. Bu aninism potsm

s c o consciousness of ths e secod tempt to ree g s o e giction d dstoon of i o also o tsfo the mgeo Hg i sklik cicue (The eorts of cerniv oosg dreion emane epoc, ns s ol i th ls few yea that the e

s v vd o k u oce gan h th grat


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OOY

iosohic tdtios of M. The followig discussosof Hgl hve hs ietio; the lotio of Heglsotolo i prticul hs ontoo of socil eng isdesigd o etter eucdte the pos of the tw tthkes th the intimte conect d teiqualttie derence ided oppston. The fct thtotoogc oblems ths time std to th fore is ot du toy themtc efrece o the prt of the uthor rthe toth hosoc stut o of our tme whch gis robemsin ths e prty er the.

We begn wth uiesy w fct th chrcter ofpocess the cetr ctego f a new too. The gret

discores of the ntu scence the hstc epeeceof cetures teemg wth evoutos h shke een n thecocete ee mge of te wr th geo suprecyof etenl s ttioy umoe substtty the bsouteedomice of prm thinge jectt gnst motion conceed s secd. There wre certlyoccso ttempts n phosph t djust tsef n ths

esect to life (t is ticulrly iz wom I he imid) ut he ic hilosohcl ctegoes still emdfor l tht o the level of word of thgs tht w i dfor tself uchgeble Whe Kt soke of e ukowiity of reity it eists tself he chctrsticyeed to ths unknowle thng-itself d wheFchte sought to ntoduce t hs phosohcl sstem systemtic moemt he y entured to uderte ths

fom the side f the suject Hg w the st mjorthiker sce Hercitus for whom ecomng ssumed ojectely grete otogc weight th eg; hsphlosohc sttue cossts t est tht ths ovecog of the prrt of beng er ecoming w otsmpe drect n chrcter ut rther ge rse to n l rod d uners method. Hegl w cetly gree

met wth l of Hcltus theses: Thee is o oosto4


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Heactus whch hae ot adopted my Logc. 2 Thjo methodoogca ue o hs ate H f Pilspy that ege estgatd the eegece o th ewoogc tedec t s begs, d th he

sdeed ts deeopmet, om the st appoces dma beggs what s eay he hso ouma thought, hsto o the tey objectvty Hegel bc metphysca d o the decuectobjec, o the tsomato o ubstc oubject, shows doube ce oy h coeco: ohe oe had, we he eady ee, a locly goedtoo whoe logcstc d hechcl dty dos

he Heacte decy o he e ooogy, bu o theothe had the get demd aed h m houd e aod udestood as dequately pobe, ee hough tdequte compeheo ses my eds oughhought eag o udestd he oegess, mmeefpotedess d deece o h pocesse gog ooud the ubject. Th why Hegel uld dsco he e

o the daectca movem ot oy Heacu, bu so the Eeatc phosophe ho we decy ppod ohm, e the toms eucppu d emoctus

But he smpe oc chc h be Heacus s oy he st d ecey bstct om oh e uded o he old (W hl sholy comeo to sek o he hocl d dlccl o abstctes otologcl d ptologclctegory.) t eby lds o paado hch e uulbu soue h e o Fo he ocechacte of et lo codcty d dccl, dhs s why ueee objectey codoed ode oppeaace. It s cetay coct th oe co tep twcto the same e, but just hat he e,pecsey ts couou chge, s couou bol o o

t s ow detty, multul d cotuouly epduc65


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NLG

th dentt; when Zeno d tht a ng ow t rest,he expeed cert dectc contrdcton n the etonshp of pce, tme nd mtion tht wee mr ftfud prdoxc wthout eng le to ge them d ectc

souton Een the most gen dscoee o ptcudectc reltonshp, o ong these utmte reman,o er gener dit, inddu eltionhp, d donot encomp the entet o engel we nthoughtcould not undmentlly tsom m ew othe wod

epte thee tkng dces th wod ew emnedtatc n t tott, orented to suttt nd thngnes,

not to une poces. t w not onl the geni egnngo dectc thought n ntiqut tht ueed under thsc of concetey compehensie uneit, ut ao thettempt ht wee not tsed th elucdtng ptcucontrdcton n ret, or een depctng the pocesschrcte of the rel n the ght o undmentl contdcton, ut whch endeoued to constuct unesl

ytem o mong d moed contdct on. Fom Cuu toSchelng there oe l-emcg system tht ctegoclypesented the stemtc omnpesence o contdcton the ense o unesl pocess ccte o th knd, otho the wod d o knowledge o t But t onlyppentl sed the pocesscusng cotdcton toontoogc pedomnnce, o n o the olton ocontrdcton mde them h the utmte oton nconection th owledge o the soute on the othe cincinia ppim pecel n the oute,rought the word ck to sttc chcte. Pocess dcontdcton wee deded wete ntenton o not, tocteoc chctestc o mee tssded hre meetude, whe the soute eyond pested tsupeor tate n eton to the poces chcter of the

here, eng contdcton ehnd t nd eneth t.


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h a the egnnng of hs deeopmen, Hee ro s concepon. � efence of Schen rea stae, inimpc oppston o h ars pent mnnc concepton: The asoue s ef, howeer, • dent of dentit d nondentit; tess d unt eimueous contain n t.3 As we sh see, hs t just no the rcoton of a stag of ectton that ha not peous ee made conscious, ut the ew f the or aso hee undegos an onoocuin. f the same aw of diectica procss hos for esoute it ds fo the entire nit word, hen heirenc d pposon of here' d beon' anshs

m a cnsistent ced through iactic ontoo,ich mes tha al objects (ocesses) of the her, oitude he eathl, etc ., hae h same utimat noocacue a the asoute tsef. Gradatons withn thst mae d niesa daect ica homogene cge no thndamenta n this basc stuctue. The otologca cto niesal cadicto cess rses the unta con

io f eaty as a hl t a quitatiel highe ee nmis th ee p attmpt.The categy of ttat ths ts a signicance tha

ev av s. tt s e l, sadl ammaicaly i t enoenolo. Bu theteg f aliy n ts asact and aed state culd in ay fm the fndati a e logy ; i t s staet ead ed i those diacica sysems hat e hae h ict cess ecsely at iss cmia i eel eve he ttali w fae a me sythetic saiza f extenseivi; i as e asic sce i the cstrctn fsive ivesiy d he basic sce i the cocti ty a hle hus eiy does not jve a f ity as sc but it ae cnsists of

s elets' tat e siilaly sced as otates


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ONTOLOGY

n thr turn. h ole tht g s to progmmatcl a tott t p out of the dnc nterconnctns orae d p, pcur totes. t coud sd h ontoc essence of Hgl wod w n ts

concrete cohsn s to fond n ths pncp. Ths s ofourse onl n t s esoter for for we ve seen, in crng hroug this sc prciple, my trns of thought of lct d herarcl cracte re hdden n t utHgel' own thought proce n the concludng psgesof hs cience of Logic ho tht we re etrctng hre tere, f frqetl conceed essence of Hge's thought , dnot sugglng n our o teretton s ts esoterc

cntent. B ue of th ture of the method just ndcted,th scence ehts tsl f s circle rtug upon t self, theend eng ound ck into the egnnng, the spe gound, the edton ths crce is moreover crcle of ircle,f ech nddu meer s ensouled y the method sreected nto tsef, so tt i retung o the egnnng ts t the sme tm the egnng of new eer. '5

ut spl ndcatg te e of to ot sucetto gve understandng o t ne ontolo For f t scosdeed re logcly tee prt tottes d teoverll tott formed fro te cold stl oses sttic, thnge' crcter Hege ed defen hsef gtts n the ove quote gee ogrmtc eclrton ofte enonolo and goe o edtel to dduce soeportt crcterstc o te diectc dyc of tsconceptio of totty e ole oever, i erely teesenti tre rectg ts oetee trog he proceo ts o developet te olute t t e sd ttt is eset ly rest oly t the ed s it t it s ive rt nd jst in tt costs it tre i to ect ject, or e-ecoig elfeveoet odt e cotrdctor o t e te o e

oceve ee et, t tle coeto et


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GEL

h appece f cntacn n t h. hbeng, the nce, he A, a eat xp, e th U. ,gel ens fthf t h nc cncpn fthe bste the entca sbjctjc. B h tretatns hae nne the less a enea nse hat g e nts; n s t ut cncee a u, hch nly ttn tre cntent by way f the pce f tfatn ths prcess f fman pnt dd to be tlgcy pmay. Meer, the ng nhch s utcm mnfests tsef a reslt, pp truct. Ths s frther nderne by the fact tht the

sot s chrcterzed rght at the begnnng th nersa,c o Heg ms n n ay ntgc pefectn,frm w the cncete patcuar eege a femantn. he unea s et hee expsy n th eneof th mere

y ners, the nt et cncte, ay

so by the remr that decty f the pusotto I w sy "l ms, that s nt pass fr

zolgy. H rer, the path fr the unea t thenue result s dcated ny a a rcess f nege,t Hege tts t oss charcter smy a th ecsest o ot nwlge f t. He thss t t s coectn Whle the ebry t ts t g t s n b tser c] g t t rety frm th-ts to t ots re eternng the precsetgo t d dto o ts ontgcy paoss t s ds o t the further decsetoo ss f ts thss: f rety n thetoo ss o v te rest f rcess tss tt ts t ny b qteyd ts ss o ts ness. Antgto tt ts t s stt .e sttcl t

t t t v o the ete gen


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LGY

therey ore ts ecse eteritios te otpot of whch s precsey the copex prcess chrcof reity. We hae rey see how frequetly Hege replcesths rel geness y ogcl eucton'; ths hs t e

crtcze ut the ultate yrstc for ths crtcs sproe y Hege's o otol whch coceies tere geess the dyc futio of y ojectiity( y resut . t s oly ths wy tht Spoz's et tyetwee the orer coecto of thgs desecoes rey dyic d dectc rocssike. f erefer ths coecto to Hegel's elucdtos i hs octo the eect tht the kowlege of the eers' ios

each result eg sulteusly the gg f a eer te this ges us the eure f ths iersal ocess charcter of Hegel's cocept wch te otogc geess odes th key to kodg o resuts'

T c to te nonolo os t t

questo of Hegel oto wth st fthe ottdeteitos t s oed here e dectly otoloqestos of soci eig aty f cose s st otte c it Hege itot a crly ocd ttoto tis d so o the als so idict tt g td to at otogic Hegl stt is get it t sttio the ol at the ti of itg o is o cocdig his cos o lcts at 8 6 eressd ts is ti o tsty ta t its W t to ott oc a t ft i c t sit o t fo ts os fo d td o T t o oer id cots d o o th o dssoed d ce y t ig

s o th st is i 7 70


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Pomo sas ths ew stge tat te ew wormes ts t appece merey i gee ute mere a whe n cncee a e t a bareabstractn Fr ths ren esoterc kwee by

ew uas s pssbe: O wht s perect determnate n f s at the same tme etec cmprehesbe capabe ben eae pssesse b everb.'8I rer t ae cear these e o s t te bstrct spe chacter the ew hstrc ste ege vesthe eapes f the ch n cotrst to te ut tec n ppst t the oak.

ether hw fr te e o t bstract racter o

the new s eer eteabe to ture seems eve tdayst cut t ece t s o whe te eess patters nrc ature s ar better k t t s toa wet s thus pssbe t speak mre coretey d ete other st that t w be cear weter hw r techacter the emeret ew ebts sm smpcty abstractess What suggests tse ore re s te

ppct ths e to orgac ture eve tu ereo here s certa o re oogeety wth umsto. The ch s t ready a v beg butsutaeous seprby ro ts so socl hstca be y case t s r to elmte coscousess rom ege's ss te od o ppce o teew but t s specc crcterst o sol be ttoscusess s t smpy a cosiousess soetg tatotc rems cmptey deret towrds ts begk but rer tse orms ts pre

Georg Lukacs - Ontology of Social Being Volume 1 Hegel

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Transcript of Georg Lukacs - Ontology of Social Being Volume 1 Hegel