Geophysical Institute University of Bergen
15
Spatio-temporal variability of fCO 2 along the North Sea VOS lines Abdirahman Omar GFI/BCCR, Norway Are Olsen Truls Johannessen BCCR/GFI, Norway Helmuth Thomas Dal, Canada Geophysical Institut Geophysical Institut University of Bergen University of Bergen
description
Geophysical Institute University of Bergen. Spatio-temporal variability of fCO 2 along the North Sea VOS lines Abdirahman Omar GFI/BCCR, Norway Are Olsen Truls Johannessen BCCR/GFI, Norway Helmuth Thomas Dal, Canada. Outline. Data & observation platforms VOS lines Consistency & coverage - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Geophysical Institute University of Bergen
Spatio-temporal variability of fCO2 alongthe North Sea VOS lines
Abdirahman OmarGFI/BCCR, Norway
Are Olsen Truls JohannessenBCCR/GFI, Norway
Helmuth Thomas Dal, Canada
Geophysical InstituteGeophysical InstituteUniversity of BergenUniversity of Bergen
Outline
• Data & observation platforms– VOS lines– Consistency & coverage– Cruises– Databases
• Spatio-temporal variations– Seasonal cycles– Latitudinal & longitudinal gradients– Year-to-year variations
• Predictive equations– fCO2 controls– Basin-wide flux– Long-term fCO2 change
Voluntary Observing ShipsNuka Arctica
Trans Carrier
Greenland
Iceland
UK
Norway
Nordic Seas
Nor
th A
tlant
ic
Svalbard
Nor
th S
ea
Bergen
Imm
ingh
am
Amsterdam
Northern North-East Atlantic and Nordic Seas
North Sea(SST & fCO2)
(SST & fCO2)
NAC
Nw
AC
5oW 0o
5oE 10
oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
Data coverage & consistency
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
2000
4000
6000
8000
200520062007
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 120
1000
2000
3000
4000
Num
ber
of d
ata
poin
ts
NS-transect
EW-transect
Month
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4004
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
SS
T (
°C)
Julian Day0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
150
200
250
300
350
400
fCO
2 (
µat
m)
Julian Day
4 cruises
R/V PelagiaAug/sep 2001Nov 2001Feb/Mar 2002May 2002
Data originator: Helmuth Thomas
fCO2 computed from CT & AT
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
4.56.58.510.512.514.516.518.5
810
12 16
8
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
303132333435363232.533 33.533.8
34
34.234
34.4
34.2
34.6
34.4
34.8 34.6
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
210250290330370410450
280
320
320
360
400
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
-70-30105090130170
0
4040 80
-40
80La
t (N
)
54
56
58
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
Month
La
t (N
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
54
56
58
4.56.58.510.512.514.516.518.5
810
12 16
8
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
303132333435363232.533 33.533.8
34
34.2
34
34.4
34.2
34.6
34.4
34.8 34.6
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
210250290330370410450
280
320
320
360
400
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
-70-30105090130170
0
4040 80
-40
80La
t (N
)
54
56
58
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
Month
La
t (N
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
54
56
58
SST
4.56.58.510.512.514.516.518.56
8
10
12
168
8Lat
(N
)
54
56
58
303132333435363131.53232.53333.533.8
33.8
33.833.8
34
34
34.2
34
3434.4
34.2
34.6
34.4
34.834.6
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
210250290330370410450
240280 320
320
360
360
320
360
400
360
280 320
400360
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
-70-30105090130170
00
40
40
40
80
80-40 00
00
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
Month
Lat
(N
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
54
56
58
4.56.58.510.512.514.516.518.5
8
10 12
14
166
Lon
(E)
0
5
10
3031323334353630
31
32 323333
34 3435
35
30
Lo
n(E
)
0
5
10
210250290330370410450
280
320
320
320
360280
360
Lo
n(E
)
0
5
10
-70-30105090130170
0
40
40
80
80
12040
Lo
n(E
)
0
5
10
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
Month
Lon
(E)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
5
10
4.56.58.510.512.514.516.518.56
8
10
12
168
8Lat
(N
)
54
56
58
303132333435363131.53232.53333.533.8
33.8
33.833.8
34
34
34.2
34
3434.4
34.2
34.6
34.4
34.834.6
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
210250290330370410450
240280 320
320
360
360
320
360
400
360
280 320
400360
La
t (N
)
54
56
58
-70-30105090130170
00
40
40
40
80
80-40 00
00
Lat
(N
)
54
56
58
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.8
Month
La
t (N
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
54
56
58
4.56.58.510.512.514.516.518.5
8
10 12
14
166
Lon
(E)
0
5
10
3031323334353630
31
32 323333
34 3435
35
30
Lo
n(E
)
0
5
10
210250290330370410450
280
320
320
320
360280
360
Lo
n(E
)
0
5
10
-70-30105090130170
0
4040
80
80
12040
Lon
(E)
0
5
10
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.6
Month
Lo
n(E
)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
0
5
10
fCO2 (µatm) fCO2 (µatm)
fCO2 (µatm) fCO2 (µatm)
SST
Seasonal variations
0 5 100
5
10
15
20
Longitude (E)
SS
T (
C)
0 5 10200
250
300
350
400
Longitude (E)
fCO
2 (
µatm
)
0 1 2 3-0.5
0
0.5
1
Lag distance (degrees longitude)acf
54 56 585
10
15
20
Latitude (N)
SS
T (
C)
54 56 58200
300
400
500
Latitude (N)
fCO
2 (
µatm
)
0 0.5 1-0.5
0
0.5
1
Lag distance (degrees latitude)
acf
54 56 58-50
0
50
Latitude (N)
fCO
2 v
ariations (
µatm
)
54 56 585
10
15
20
Latitude (N)
SS
T (
C)
54 56 58200
300
400
500
Latitude (N)
fCO
2 (
µatm
)0 0.5 1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
Lag distance (degrees latitude)acf
54 56 58-50
0
50
Latitude (N)
fCO
2 v
ariations (
µatm
)D
etre
nded
fC
O2
(µat
m)
Latitudinal gradients
Data sorted by month & binned into 0.1°x1° grid
2)(
)()()(
xf
xxfxfxacf
-6 µatm/lat-0.4 °C/lat
Murphy et al 2001, GRL, 28
Longitudinal gradients: 0.09 °C/lat, -0.7 µatm/lat
Year-to-year variations
SS
T (
°C)
month
2006 20072005
fCO
2 (
µa
tm)
in
outO N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
flux
(mol
m-2
d-1) flux
1.14 mol C yr-11.
52 m
ol C
yr-
1
0.63
mol
C y
r-1
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
32 33 34 352240
2260
2280
2300
2320
Salinity
Alk
(µ
mol
kg-
1)
32 33 34 35
2260
2280
2300
2320
Alk
(µ
mol
kg-
1)
Predictive equation for Alk
BsssAAlk
R= 0.75rms ± 9 µmol kg-1
R= 0.95rms ± 6 µmol kg-1
Application 1
Controls of monthly fCO2 changes
biomixsssfluxsstobs fCOfCOfCOfCOfCO 22222
(Olsen et al., 2008, Biogeosciences)
fCO2 controlsNS-transect 05/06 2007 ”South” North
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
obs
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sst
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
ase
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sss
2 4 6 8 10 12-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
b&m
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
obs
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sst
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
ase
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sss
2 4 6 8 10 12-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
b&m
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
obs
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sst
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
ase
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sss
2 4 6 8 10 12-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
b&m
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
obs
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sst
-80
-40
0
40fC
O2
chan
gease
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sss
2 4 6 8 10 12-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
b&m
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
obs
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sst
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
ase
-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
sss
2 4 6 8 10 12-80
-40
0
40
fCO
2 ch
ange
b&m
Predictive equation for fCO2
200 250 300 350 400 450280
300
320
340
360
380
400
420
Observed fCO2 (µatm)
Est
imat
ed f
CO
2 (µ
atm
)
R=.73std= ±26 µatm
42 poCsssBsstAfCO
R=.88std= ±15 µatm
VOS + co-located data
300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460300
350
400
450
Computed fCO2 (µatm)
Est
imat
ed
fC
O2
(µa
tm)
Cruise data, 2001/2002
Application 2(work in progress)
),,(
),,(
4
2
2
4
1
2
possssstwfCO
possssstgfCO
t
t
long-term change = ),,(),,( 44
txtxpossssstgpossssstw
Long-term fCO2 change
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
5oW 0o 5oE 10oE
53oN
57oN
61oN
2001/2002 1986
DA
TA Q
UA
LITY
??
End
Application 3(future work)
Basin-wide CO2 flux
Source of FerryBox info: www.niva.no
)parameters VOS & (FerryBox fCOsw2 f
VO
S
vos
