Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
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Transcript of Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
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Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
ISO 1101
By Hassan Habib
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What are we going to learn
What is Geometrical Dimensioning & Tolerancing
Its :
benefits
Types
Some general principles
Details of tolerances of:
Form
Orientation
Location
Profile
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What is Geometrical Dimensioning
Tolerancing
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Hmmmm. . . . What would I
prefer?
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Slide Title
Benefits of
GD&T
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Geometrical tolerances vs size tolerances
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Precision & Accuracy
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Reduced rework cost
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Reduced Defects
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Increased understanding
Mfg Design Quality
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Slide Title
Types of
GD&T
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Types of Geometrical tolerances
Form Tolerances
Orientation Tolerances
Location tolerances
runout tolerances
• Straightness
• Flatness
• Circularity
• Cylindricity
• Parallelism
• Perpendicularity
• Angularity
• Position
• Symmetry
• Concentricity
• Coaxiality
• Circular runout • Total runout
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Slide Title
Some general
principles
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Some general priciples
Basic concepts
Geometrical tolerances shall be specified in accordance with functional
requirements. Manufacturing and inspection requirements can also
influence geometrical tolerancing
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Some general priciples
Basic concepts
Geometrical tolerances which are assigned to features related to a datum
do not limit the form deviations of the datum feature itself. It may be
necessary to specify tolerances of form for the datum feature(s)
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Some general priciples
Basic concepts
Feature control frame
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Some general priciples
Three golden rules
1. Location tolerances of a feature control location deviation, orientation deviation and form deviation of
this feature, and not vice-versa.
2. Orientation tolerances of a feature control orientation and form deviations of this feature and not
vice-versa.
3. Form tolerances of a feature control only form deviations of this feature.re control frame
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Slide Title
Details of
Tolerances
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Form Tolerances
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straightness
The tolerance zone, in the considered plane, is limited by two parallel
straight lines a distance apart and in the specified direction only
Straightness tolerance
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straightness
Any extracted (actual) generating line on the cylindrical surface shall be
contained between two parallel planes T distance apart
Straightness tolerance
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straightness
The extracted (actual) median line of the cylinder to which the tolerance
applies shall be contained within a cylindrical zone of diameter
Straightness tolerance
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fLATNESS
The extracted (actual) surface shall be contained between two parallel
planes DISTANCE T apart.
flatness tolerance
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roundness
The tolerance zone, in the considered cross-section, is limited by two
concentric circles with a difference in radii of t
roundness tolerance
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CYLINDRICITY
The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxial cylinders with a difference in
radii of T
cylindricity tolerance
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Slide Title
Details of
Tolerances
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orientation Tolerances
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PARALLELISM
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance apart. The
planes are parallel to the datums and in the direction specified
Direction specified
Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum system
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PARALLELISM
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance apart. The
planes are parallel to the datums and in the direction specified
Direction specified
Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum system
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PARALLELISM
The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t , parallel to the
datum, if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø
Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum line
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PARALLELISM
Each extracted (actual) line shall be contained between two parallel lines
0,02 apart parallel to datum A and lying in a plane parallel to datum B
Parallelism tolerance of a line related to a datum system
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prependicularity
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance apart and
perpendicular to the datum
Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line
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prependicularity
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart.
The planes are perpendicular to the datum A and parallel to datum B
Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum system
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prependicularity
The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter perpen dicular to
the datum if the tolerance value is preceded by the symbol Ø
Perpendicularity tolerance of a line related to a datum surface
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Angularity
a) Line and datum line in the same plane:
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart
and inclined at the specified angle to the datum.
Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line
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Angularity
b) The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart
and inclined at the specified angle to the datum. The considered line and
the datum line are not in the same plane
Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum line
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Angularity
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and
inclined at the specified angle to the datum
Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum surface
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Angularity
The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t if the tolerance
value is preceded by the symbol Ø. The cylindrical tolerance zone is
parallel to a datum plane B and inclined at the specified angle to the datum
plane A
Angularity tolerance of a line related to a datum surface
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Slide Title
Details of
Tolerances
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location Tolerances
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position
The tolerance zone is limited by a sphere of diameter t if the tolerance
value is preceded by the symbol SØ. The center of the spherical tolerance
zone is fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to the datums
A, B and C
Position tolerance of a point
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position
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and
symmetrically disposed about the center line. The center line is fixed by
theoretically exact dimensions with respect to datums A and B. The
tolerance is specified in one direction only.
Position tolerance of a line
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position
The tolerance zone is limited by two pairs of parallel planes a distance 0,05
and 0,2 apart respectively and symmetrically disposed about the
theoretically exact position. The theoretically exact position is fixed by
theoretically exact dimensions with respect to the datums C, A and B. The
tolerance is specified in two directions with respect to the datums.
Position tolerance of a line
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position
Position tolerance of a line
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position
The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t if the tolerance
value is preceded by the symbol Ø. The axis of the tolerance cylinder is
fixed by theoretically exact dimensions with respect to the datum s C, A
and B
Position tolerance of a line
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position
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and
symmetrically disposed about the theoretically exact position fixed by
theoretically exact dimensions with respect to the datums A and B
Position tolerance of a flat surface or a median p lane
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Concentricity
The tolerance zone is limited by a circle of diameter t; the tolerance value
shall be preceded by the symbol . The center of the circular tolerance
zone coincides with the datum point
Concentricity tolerance of a point
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coaxiality
The tolerance zone is limited by a cylinder of diameter t; the tolerance
value shall be preceded by the symbol Ø . The axis of the cylindrical
tolerance zone coincides with the datum
Coaxiality tolerance of an axis
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symmetry
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart,
symmetrically disposed about the median plane, with respect to the datum.
Symmetry tolerance of a median plane
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Slide Title
Details of
Tolerances
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Runout Tolerances
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Circular runout
The tolerance zone is limited within any cross-section perpendicular to
the datum axis by two concentric circles with a difference in radii of t,
the centers of which coincides with the datum
Circular run-out tolerance —radial
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Circular runout
Run-out usually applies to complete features, but could be applied to a
restricted part of a feature
Circular run-out tolerance —radial
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Circular runout
The tolerance zone is limited to any cylindrical section by two circles
with a distance t apart lying in the cylindrical section, the axis of which
coincides with the datum
Circular run-out tolerance — axial
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Circular runout
Circular The tolerance zone is limited within any conical section b y two
circles a distance t apart, the axes of which coincide with the datum.
Circular run-out tolerance in any direction
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Circular runout
The tolerance zone is limited within any conical section of the specified
angle by two circles a distance t apart, the axes of which coincide with
the datum
Circular run-out tolerance in a specified direction
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Total runout
The tolerance zone is limited by two coaxial cylinders with a difference in
radii of t, the axes of which coincide with the datum
Total radial run-out tolerance
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Total runout
The tolerance zone is limited by two parallel planes a distance t apart and
perpendicular to the datum
Total axial run-out tolerance