Geology of Santo Domingo Pueblo106° 22' 30" 376000m e. 77 r. 5 e. 378 379 20' (cochiti dam) 82 17'...
Transcript of Geology of Santo Domingo Pueblo106° 22' 30" 376000m e. 77 r. 5 e. 378 379 20' (cochiti dam) 82 17'...
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atur
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atio
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data
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ived
from
geo
logi
c fie
ld m
appi
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publ
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wor
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catio
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f geo
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it co
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the
accu
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n th
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stu
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may
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e be
en m
appe
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scal
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r tha
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map
; the
refo
re, t
he u
ser s
houl
d be
aw
are
of s
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t var
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ns in
map
det
ail.
Any
enl
arge
men
t of t
his
map
cou
ld c
ause
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nder
stand
ing
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e de
tail
of m
appi
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ons
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ld b
e ve
rifie
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ledg
men
ts
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map
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pos
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ly b
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Disc
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very
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. Geo
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urve
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th A
mer
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um, P
roje
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1997
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log
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exic
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Gar
y A
. S
mit
h a
nd
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dri
ka
J. K
uh
le
Ap
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1998
29 F
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M 8
7131
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6° 1
5'
3930
000m
N.
T. 1
6 N
.
T. 1
5 N
.
3940
3941
32' 3
0"
(TETILLA PEAK)
35' LA BAJADA 1.2 MI.35° 3
7' 3
0”10
6° 1
5'(M
ONTOSO
PEAK)
1 68
0 00
0FE
ET
470
000
FEE
T
106°
22'
30"
3 7600
0m E
.3 7
8R
. 5 E
.20
'3 7
917
' 30"
3 8600
0m E
.3 8
549
0 00
0 FE
ET
3 82
(CO
CH
ITI D
AM
)3 7
7
3 84
SA
NT
O D
OM
ING
O P
UE
BL
O Q
UA
DR
AN
GL
EN
EW
ME
XIC
O
R. 6
E.
2.1 MI. TO INTERSTATE 2514 MI. TO N.M. 14SANTA FE 23 MI.
21 M
I. T
O N
.M. 44
ALB
UQ
UE
RQ
UE
39 M
I.
CO
CH
ITI P
UE
BLO
2.1
MI.
3939
3938
3937
3935
3934
3932
3931
3 76
3 82
3 83
3 8500
0m E
.
A'
B'
NM
BM
MR
Op
en F
ile
Map
Ser
ies
Map
s O
F–G
M–1
5 an
d O
F-G
M-2
6M
ap l
ast
mo
dif
ied
on
29
Feb
ruar
y 2
000
Dav
id J
. McC
raw
Dig
ital
Car
togr
aphy
A
B
UN
IT D
ESC
RIP
TIO
NS
CO
RR
ELA
TIO
N O
F U
NIT
S
GN
MN
0° 5
0'
15 M
ILS
10.5
°18
7 M
ILS
UTM
GR
ID A
ND
199
3 M
AGN
ETI
C N
OR
THD
EC
LIN
ATIO
N A
T C
EN
TER
OF
SH
EE
T
Base
from
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y 19
53, p
hoto
revi
sed
1993
1927
Nor
th A
mer
ican
dat
um, P
roje
ctio
n an
d10,
000-
foot
grid
bas
ed o
nN
ew M
exic
o co
ordi
nate
sys
tem
, cen
tal z
one
(Tra
nsve
rse
Mer
cato
r)10
00-m
eter
Uni
vers
al T
rans
vers
e M
erca
tor g
rid ti
cks,
zon
e 13
, sho
wn
in b
lue
D. J
. McC
raw
and
P. B
row
n: d
igita
l car
togr
aphi
c pr
oduc
tion
(MADRID
)
4,80
0'
5,00
0'
A'
E
5,60
0fe
et A
SL
5,20
0'
4,80
0'
5,40
0'
5,00
0'
Rio
Gra
nde
B'
E
5,60
0fe
et A
SL
5,20
0'
5,40
0'
5,00
0'
Qaf
QTs
lp
QTs
lp
QTs
lg
QTs
lpQ
Tslp
QTs
lp
QTs
lg
Qal
Qal
QTs
lg
QTs
lgQ
al
QTs
lp
dfQ
tp4
Qal
QTs
lg
Qal
QTs
lgQ
Tslg
Qf
Qal
Verti
cal E
xagg
erat
ion =
2.0
Proje
ction
of
BIA
Sant
a Cru
zSp
rings
Well
Coch
itiDa
mN.
M. S
tate
Hwy.
16N.
M. S
tate
Hwy.
22
Qta
3
Verti
cal E
xagg
erat
ion =
2.0
?
??
?Q
alQ
al
Rio
Gra
nde
Qf
Qoa
QTs
lgQ
Tslg
QTs
lg
QTs
lg
Tbt
N.M.
Sta
teHw
y. 22
Qal
QTs
lsQ
Tslm
QTs
lm
Qal
QTs
lm
Qal
m
QTs
ls
QTs
lp
Qal
mQ
al
Qbo
QTs
lp
QTs
lpQ
Tslp
Qal
mQ
alm
Qal
m
QTs
lp
QTs
lm
Thes
e cr
oss
sect
ions
are
con
struc
ted
base
d up
onth
e in
terp
reta
tions
of t
he a
utho
rs m
ade
from
surfi
cial
geol
ogic
con
trol a
nd su
bsur
face
and
geo
phys
ical
data
, whe
re a
vaila
ble.
The
y sh
ould
be
prim
arily
used
a
s a
n a
id
to
geo
log
ic
fra
mew
ork
unde
rsta
ndin
g an
d no
t be
the
sol
e so
urce
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in lo
catin
g or
des
igni
ng w
ells,
build
ings
, roa
ds, o
r ot
her
man
-mad
e st
ruct
ures
.
6,20
0fe
et A
SL
5,20
0'
5,40
0'
5,00
0'
B W
Qc
QTs
lQ
Tsl
QTs
l
Qal
Qal
QTs
lQ
Tsl
QTs
l
Qoa
6,00
0'
5,80
0'
5,60
0'
Qe
Tb2
Tbt
Bo
rreg
oFa
ult
QTc
QTs
lQ
tp4
Qtp
1?
Qal
Bo
rreg
oC
anyo
n
QTs
l
Tbt
Tglp
QTc
Qbo
QTs
l
Qal
Qtp
3Q
tp4
Qtp
1
Qal
??
??
?
??
?
?
??
??
Tbv 1
QTc
QTc
Tb1
QTc
QTc
QTc
QTc
??
?
Sa
nto
Do
min
go
Pu
eblo
SW
7.5
' Qu
ad
ran
gle
Sa
nto
Do
min
go
Pu
eblo
7.5
' Qu
ad
ran
gle
Qoa
Qoa
TbTh
Tb
Tb1
Tb1
Tb1
Pliocene
CENOZOIC
Quaternary Tertiary
Pleistocene
Era
Peri
odE
poc
h Miocene
Hol
ocen
e
Sed
imen
tary
Dep
osit
sV
olca
nic
Roc
ks
Sum
mar
y of
40 A
r/39
Ar
Age
s fo
r Sa
mpl
es C
olle
cted
With
inth
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
Qua
dran
gle,
199
6-19
97.
Map
Sam
ple
Age
No.
No.
Loca
tion
Des
crip
tion
(Ma)
Sani
dine
:1
GSC
P960
535
.590
o NRe
wor
ked
pum
iceo
us a
sh c
olle
cted
with
in a
xial
qua
rtzite
-rich
1.62
±0.
0110
6.29
3o Wgr
avel
just
east
of th
e so
uth
abut
men
t of C
ochi
ti D
am; m
ost
prob
ably
rew
orke
d lo
wer
Ban
delie
r Tuf
f
Who
le R
ock:
2*
DN
9615
35.5
88o N
Low
er o
f tw
o ba
salt
flow
s in
terb
edde
d w
ith S
ierr
a La
dron
es
2.71
±0.
0410
6.30
3o Wfo
rmat
ion
(QTs
l) ne
ar C
ochi
ti Sp
ring
in th
e Sa
nta
Fe R
iver
val
ley
dow
nstre
am o
f Coc
hiti
Dam
3SC
ST64
0-65
035
.592
o NH
awai
ite (?
) lav
a flo
w s
ampl
e co
llect
ed fr
om c
uttin
gs a
t 640
-650
’2.
67±
0.06
106.
251o W
in th
e BI
A S
anta
Cru
z Sp
rings
Tra
ct w
ell
4SC
ST72
0-73
035
.592
o NH
awai
ite (?
) lav
a flo
w s
ampl
e co
llect
ed fr
om c
uttin
gs a
t 720
-730
’2.
57±
0.03
106.
251o W
in th
e BI
A S
anta
Cru
z Sp
rings
Tra
ct w
ell
5SC
ST85
0-86
035
.592
o NH
awai
ite (?
) lav
a flo
w s
ampl
e co
llect
ed fr
om c
uttin
gs a
t 850
-860
’2.
57±
0.02
106.
251o W
in th
e BI
A S
anta
Cru
z Sp
rings
Tra
ct w
ell
* C
olle
cted
by
Dr.
Dav
id P
. Det
hier
All
40A
r/39
Ar a
ge d
eter
min
atio
ns p
rovi
ded
by D
r. W
illia
m C
. McI
ntos
h, N
ew M
exic
o G
eoch
rono
logy
Res
earc
h La
bora
tory
,N
ew M
exic
o In
stitu
te o
f Min
ing
and
Tech
nolo
gy, S
ocor
ro, N
M
Pliocene
CENOZOIC
Quaternary Tertiary
Pleistocene
Era
Peri
odE
poc
h Miocene
Hol
ocen
e
Sed
imen
tary
Dep
osit
sV
olca
nic
Roc
ks
Sum
mar
y of
40 A
r/39
Ar
Age
s fo
r Sa
mpl
es C
olle
cted
With
inth
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
Sout
hwes
t Qua
dran
gle,
199
7-19
98.
Map
Sam
ple
Loca
tion
Age
No.
No.
(UTM
)D
escr
iptio
n(M
a)
Gro
undm
ass
Con
cent
rate
:1
GSS
D36
764
9431
74Ba
salt;
thin
flow
inte
rcal
ated
with
in n
ear-v
ent a
gglu
tinat
e (T
bv1)
2.62
±0.
15on
San
ta A
na M
esa
2G
SSD
311
7086
3049
Oliv
ine
basa
lt (T
bv2)
; lav
a flo
w o
verly
ing
hydr
omag
mat
ic tu
ff 2.
41±
0.03
north
of B
orre
go C
anyo
n
Sani
dine
:3
GSC
P960
174
4537
44
Rhyo
lite
pum
ice,
rew
orke
d; c
olle
cted
with
in a
xial
qua
rtzite
-rich
6.
82±
0.04
grav
el o
f the
Sie
rra
Ladr
ones
form
atio
n (Q
Tsl)
north
wes
t of S
ile;
corr
elat
ive
to p
yroc
lasti
c de
posit
s in
Per
alta
Tuf
f
4G
SCP9
603
7392
4242
Rhyo
lite
teph
ra, p
erha
ps s
light
ly re
wor
ked,
col
lect
ed w
ithin
axi
al6.
88±
0.01
quar
tzite
-rich
gra
vel o
f the
Sie
rra
Ladr
ones
form
atio
n (Q
Tsl)
wes
tof
Coc
hiti
Pueb
lo; c
orre
lativ
e to
pyr
ocla
stic
depo
sits
in P
eral
ta T
uff
5G
SCP9
615
7356
4277
Cry
stal-p
oor r
hyol
ite fa
llout
teph
ra (c
emen
ted)
col
lect
ed fr
om
6.81
±0.
02Pe
ralta
Tuf
f mem
ber o
f the
Bea
rhea
d Rh
yolit
e (T
bp) i
n an
out
crop
area
sou
thw
est o
f Per
alta
Can
yon
whe
re P
eral
ta T
uff i
s in
terb
edde
dw
ith a
xial
gra
vel o
f the
Sie
rra
Ladr
ones
form
atio
n (Q
Tsl).
6G
SCP9
623
7070
4304
Igni
mbr
ite c
olle
cted
from
Per
alta
Tuf
f mem
ber o
f the
Bea
rhea
d6.
84±
0.06
Rhyo
lite
(Tbp
) sou
th o
f Per
alta
Can
yon
df Qf
Qoa Qal
Qe Q
ta1
Qta
2
Qtp
2
Qta
3
Qog
Qtp
1
Qtp
3
Qta
4
Qtp
4
Qtp
5
Qaf
Qpu
Qal
m
Qls
Qc Q
Tslp
QTs
l
QTs
lg
QTs
ls
QTs
lm
QTs
ll
QTc
Tglp
Qbo
Tb1
Tbv 1
Tb2
Tbv 2
Tb3
Tbt
Tbp
ThTb
GEO
LOG
IC C
RO
SS
SEC
TIO
NS
6,20
0fe
et A
SL
5,60
0'
5,20
0'
5,80
0'
5,40
0'
A W
Bo
rreg
oFa
ult
QTs
l
Qal
QTs
l
QTs
l
Qtp
3
Tglp
Qal
QTs
l
Qal
6,00
0'
??
??
Qal
Qc
Pera
lta
Faul
t
QTs
lQ
Tc
QTs
l
Cañ
on
San
toD
om
ingo
Cam
ada
Faul
t Qtp
5Q
alQ
al
Qal
QTc
Qal
Sile
Faul
t
QTs
l
QTc
QTc
QTc
QTc
QTc
QTc
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
0.5
Ma
0.0
Qta
1
Qe
Qf
Qal
Qpu
Qal
m
Qaf
QTs
ls
QTs
lpQ
Tslg
Qbo
Tb
QT
c
Tbt
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
0.5
Ma
0.0
Qe
Qf
Qal
Tgl
p
QTs
l
Qbo
Tb 3
Qtp
5
Qc
??
QT
c
Tb 2 Tb 1
Tbv
1
Tbv
2
Qoa
Qls
Th
QTs
ll
QTs
lm
Qoa
Tbt
Tbp
Qta
4/Q
tp4
Qta
3/Q
tp3
Qta
2/Q
tp2
Qta
1/Q
tp1
Qtp
2
Qtp
3
Qtp
4
01
02
0m
i
01
03
0km
20
3
6828
5
84
285
84
25
285
40
IND
EX
MA
P O
F N
MB
MM
R’S
ST
AT
EM
AP
GE
OL
OG
IC Q
UA
DR
AN
GL
ES
2/00
McC
LURE
RESE
RVO
IR
SAND
IACR
EST
PLAC
ITAS
ROSI
LLA
PEAK
ASPE
NBA
SIN
COW
LES
TESU
QUE
BERN
ALIL
LO
LOM
AM
ACHE
TEAR
ROYO
DE L
ASCA
LABA
CILL
AS
VOLC
ANO
RANC
H
LA M
ESIT
ANE
GRA
SE
LOS
GRI
EGO
SAL
AMED
A
WIN
DM
ESA
ISLE
TAHU
BBEL
LSP
RING
HAG
AN
SAND
IAPA
RK
TIJE
RAS
SEDI
LLO
ESCA
BOSA
MO
UNT
WAS
HING
TON
TAO
S SW
CARS
ON
BERN
ALIL
LONW
CERR
OCO
NEJO
JEM
EZPU
EBLO
SAN
FELI
PEM
ESA
COLL
IER
DRAW
SANT
AAN
APU
EBLO
SAN
FELI
PEPU
EBLO
SAN
FELI
PEPU
EBLO
NE
OJI
TOSP
RING
SAN
YSID
RO
LOM
ACR
ESTO
NSA
NTO
DOM
ING
OPU
EBLO
SW
SANT
ODO
MIN
GO
PUEB
LO
TETI
LLA
PEAK
HOLY
GHO
STSP
RING
GIL
MAN
POND
ERO
SABE
ARSP
RING
SPE
AKCA
ÑADA
COCH
ITI
DAM
MO
NTO
SOPE
AK
GLO
RIET
A
RANC
HOS
DE T
AOS
TRES
RITO
SPE
ÑASC
OTR
AMPA
S
HORC
ADO
RANC
HBL
AND
REDO
NDO
PEAK
JEM
EZSP
RING
S
SAN
MIG
UEL
MO
UNTA
IN
LAVE
NTAN
A
AGUA
FRIA
SANT
A FE
TURQ
UOIS
EHI
LLSE
TON
VILL
AGE
PECO
S
WIL
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A
ROW
EG
ALIS
TEO
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HEDI
OND
A
BULL
CANY
ON
RENC
ONA
PICT
URE
ROCK
GO
LDEN
CAPT
AIN
DAVI
SM
OUN
TAIN
SAN
PEDR
O
EDGE
WOO
D
CHIL
ILI
RIO
PUER
COLO
SLU
NAS
LOS
LUNA
SSE
TAJI
QUE
MIL
BOUR
NRA
NCH
DALI
ESBO
SQUE
PEAK
DALI
ESNW
LA M
ESIT
ANE
GRA
BENA
VIDE
ZRA
NCH
LAG
UNA
ORT
IZ
NORT
HSA
N YS
IDRO
LOW
ERCO
LONI
AS
ELK
MO
UNTA
IN
HONE
YBO
YRA
NCH
TAO
SJU
NCTI
ON
VELA
RDE
JICA
RITA
PEAK
EL V
ALLE
TRUC
HAS
CHIM
AYO
SAN
JUAN
PUEB
LOCH
ILI
SAN
PABL
O
RANC
HODE
LCH
APAR
RAL
SEVE
NSP
RING
SVA
LLE
TOLE
DO
VALL
ESA
NAN
TONI
OG
UAJE
MO
UNTA
IN
PUYE
SIER
RAM
OSC
ACU
NDIY
OTR
UCHA
SPE
AKPE
COS
FALL
S
ESTA
NCIA
MO
RIAR
TYSO
UTH
MO
RIAR
TYNO
RTH
KING
DRAW
ESPA
ÑOLA
WHI
TERO
CK
LOS
CORD
OVA
S
TAO
STR
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REJA
S
BELE
NNW
TOM
ETO
ME
NETO
RREO
NEW
ING
BELE
NMO
UNTA
INAI
RNE
BELE
NSW
TURN
PUNT
A DE
AGUA
MOUN
TAIN
AIR
VEG
UITA
MAN
ZANO
PEAK
WIL
LARD
LA J
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ACK
BUTT
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CKER
ABEY
TAS
SCHO
LLE
LYDE
N
ALBU
QUER
QUE
WES
T
ALBU
QUER
QUE
EAST
TOM
E SE
SHAD
YBR
OO
K
PUEB
LOPE
AK
WHE
ELER
PEAK
ARRO
YOSE
COAR
ROYO
HOND
O
CERR
ODE
LO
STA
OSE
S
RAYO
HIL
LSCE
RRO
MO
NTO
SO
BECK
ERSW
LA J
OYA
SAN
ACAC
IASI
LVER
CREE
K
SAN
LORE
NZO
SPRI
NG
MES
ADE
LYE
SO
SIER
RADE
LA
CRUZ
SOCO
RRO
LOM
ADE
LAS
CANA
S
BUST
OS
WEL
LW
ATER
CANY
ON
LADR
ON
COM
ANCH
ERA
NCH
LOS
ALA
MO
S1:
100,
000
OF
-DM
–1
8
GM
–4
5G
M–
33
GM
–2
8G
M–
34
GM
–2
6G
M–
27
(SKY
VIL
LAGE
SE)
(SKY
VIL
LAGE
NE)
(SKY
VIL
LAGE
)
(SKY
VIL
LAGE
NW
)
GM
–7
1
GM
–7
3
OF
-DM
–1
2O
F-D
M–
33
OF
-DM
–2
2
OF
-DM
–3
1
OF
-DM
–11
OF
-DM
–3
2
OF
-DM
–2
3O
F-D
M–
15
OF
-DM
–2
6O
F-D
M–
25
OF
-DM
–1
4
OF
-DM
–1
9O
F-D
M–
37
OF
-DM
–3
9
OF
-DM
–2
OF
-DM
–1
6O
F-D
M–
9
OF
-DM
–1
0O
F-D
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6O
F-D
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1O
F-D
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29
OF
-DM
–3
5
OF
-DM
–2
0O
F-D
M–
4
OF
-DM
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OF
-DM
–1
7
OF
-DM
–8
OF
-DM
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OF
-DM
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3
OF
-DM
–2
4O
F-D
M–
21
OF
-DM
–2
8
OF
-DM
–3
4
OF
-DM
–7
NM
BM
MR
ST
AT
EM
AP
Qu
adra
ng
les
San
to D
om
ing
oP
ueb
lo S
W,
San
to D
om
ing
oP
ueb
lo Los
Ala
mos
Sant
a Fe
Taos
AlbuquerqueArea
SO
CO
RR
O1:
100,
000
35°3
0'
36°0
0'
105 °
30'
36°3
0'
35°1
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106 °
00'
35°0
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106 °
30'
34°
22'
30"
34°3
0'
107 °
00'
ALB
UQ
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RQ
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1:10
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0
SA
NTA
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1:10
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0
VIL
LAN
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100,
000
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S1:
100,
000
BE
LEN
1:10
0,00
0
AB
IQU
IU1:
100,
000
Lo
cati
on
Map
Soco
rro
Gra
nts
Taos
Las
Cruc
esD
emin
g
37°
35°
33°10
9°10
7°10
5°10
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SAN
TA F
E
Alb
uque
rque
EXP
LAN
ATI
ON
OF
MA
P S
YM
BO
LSS
an
to D
om
ing
o P
ueb
lo a
nd
Sa
nto
Do
min
go
Pu
eblo
SW
7.5
' Qu
ad
ran
gle
s
Expo
sed
geol
ogic
con
tact
App
roxi
mat
e or
infe
rred
geo
logi
c co
ntac
t
Hig
h-an
gle
norm
al f
ault,
tic
k sh
owin
g di
p, b
ar a
nd b
all
indi
cate
s do
wnt
hrow
n si
de
Nor
mal
faul
t, ap
prox
imat
ely
loca
ted
on th
e ba
sis
of o
utcr
ops,
bar
and
bal
l ind
icat
esdo
wnt
hrow
n si
de
Nor
mal
faul
t, ap
prox
imat
ely
loca
ted
on th
e ba
sis
of w
ell l
ogs,
D in
dica
tes
dow
nthr
own
side
Con
ceal
ed n
orm
al fa
ult,
D in
dica
tes
dow
nthr
own
side
Stri
ke a
nd d
ip o
f bed
ding
Pera
lta T
uff M
embe
r bi
otite
-rhy
olite
pum
ice
lapi
lli (u
pper
Mio
cene
) abu
ndan
t in
fluvi
alse
dim
ent.
Tsch
ico
ma
Fo
rma
tion
da
cite
pum
ice
lap
illi
(Plio
cene
) ab
unda
nt i
n flu
vial
sed
imen
t.
Band
elie
r Tu
ff r
hyol
ite p
umic
e la
pilli
(lo
wer
Ple
isto
cene
) ab
unda
nt in
fluv
ial s
edim
ent.
Prom
inen
t zon
e of
cal
cite
cem
enta
tion.
Gen
eral
ly lo
cate
d al
ong
expo
sed
faul
t pla
nes
or in
coar
se-g
rain
ed b
eds
in c
lose
pro
xim
ity to
faul
ts.
App
roxi
mat
e po
sitio
ns o
f ven
ts fr
om w
hich
uni
ts T
b an
d Tb
t wer
e er
upte
d
.
Loca
tion
of 40
Ar/
39A
r geo
chro
nolo
gy s
ampl
es
Che
mic
al A
naly
sis
of T
b Sa
mpl
es C
olle
cted
With
inth
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
Sout
hwes
t Qua
dran
gle,
199
7-19
98.
Map
Uni
t (Sa
mpl
e N
o.)
Tb1
(SD
376)
Tb2
(SD
311)
Oxi
de C
ompo
nent
Perc
enta
gePe
rcen
tage
SiO
251
.25
51.1
6Ti
O2
1.46
1.47
Al 2
O3
15.9
815
.89
Fe2O
310
.58
10.6
0M
nO0.
160.
17M
gO5.
876.
75C
aO9.
108.
51N
a 2O
3.49
3.70
K 2O
1.12
1.45
P 2O
50.
280.
37
Tota
l99
.29
100.
07
Che
mic
al A
naly
sis
of T
b Sa
mpl
e C
olle
cted
With
inth
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
Qua
dran
gle,
199
6-19
97.
Oxi
de C
ompo
nent
Perc
enta
geSi
O2
48.5
7Ti
O2
1.47
Al 2
O3
15.6
1Fe
2O3
10.7
3M
nO0.
19M
gO7.
82C
aO10
.32
Na 2
O3.
04K 2
O1.
38P 2
O5
0.52
Tota
l99
.63
Maj
or-e
lem
ent X
RF a
naly
ses
by J.
Hus
ler,
Uni
vers
ity o
f New
Mex
ico
OF
-DM
–4
3
FRIJ
OLE
S
OF
-DM
–4
2
OF
-DM
–4
7
OF
-DM
–4
8O
F-D
M–
36
OF
-DM
–4
1
OF
-DM
–4
9
MAD
RID
OF
-DM
–4
0
OF
-DM
–4
6
OF
-DM
–4
5
CAPI
LLA
PEAK
OF
-DM
–2
7
LEM
ITAR
OF
-DM
–3
8
NEWM
EX
ICO
STAT
EM
A
P
NMBureau
of
Min
es
&M
ine
ra
lR
esources
Eart
hScie
nce
for
the
21st
Centu
ry
Ne
w
Me
xic
o
Te
ch
Dr.
Pet
er A
. S
cho
lle
Dir
ecto
r an
d S
tate
Geo
logi
st
Dr.
Pau
l W
. B
auer
Geo
logi
c M
ap
pin
gP
rogr
am
Dir
ecto
r
REFE
REN
CES
Aby
, S. B
., 19
97, T
he te
rrac
es o
f Coc
hiti
Can
yon:
soi
l dev
elop
men
t and
rela
tion
to a
ctiv
ity in
the
Paja
rito
faul
tzo
ne:
Alb
uque
rque
, Uni
vers
ity o
f New
Mex
ico,
M.S
. the
sis (u
npub
).
Aub
ele,
J. C
., 19
78, G
eolo
gy o
f the
Cer
ros d
el R
io v
olca
nic
field
, San
ta F
e, S
ando
val,
and
Los A
lam
os C
ount
ies,
New
Mex
ico:
Alb
uque
rque
, Uni
vers
ity o
f New
Mex
ico,
M.S
. the
sis (u
npub
.), 1
36 p
.
.
Det
hier
, D. P
., H
arrin
gton
, C. D
., an
d A
ldric
h, M
. J.,
198
8, L
ate
Cen
ozoi
c ra
tes
of e
rosi
on in
the
wes
tern
Espa
ñola
bas
in, N
ew M
exic
o: E
vide
nce
from
geo
logi
c da
ting
of e
rosio
n su
rface
s: G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of
Am
eric
a Bu
lletin
, v. 1
00, p
. 928
-937
.
Det
hier
, D. P
., 19
96, G
eolo
gic
map
of t
he C
ochi
ti D
am q
uadr
angl
e: u
npub
lishe
d m
appi
ng fo
r the
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal
Surv
ey, 1
:24,
000.
Det
hier
, D. P
., an
d M
cCoy
, W. D
., 19
93, A
min
ostra
tigra
phic
rela
tions
and
age
of Q
uate
rnar
y de
posit
s, no
rther
nEs
paño
la b
asin
, nor
ther
n N
ew M
exic
o: Q
uate
rnar
y Re
sear
ch, v
. 39,
p. 2
22-2
30.
.
Gan
seck
i, C
. A
., M
ahoo
d, G
. A
., an
d M
cWill
iam
s, M
., 19
98
, N
ew a
ges
for
the
clim
actic
eru
ptio
ns a
tYe
llow
ston
e:
Sing
le-c
ryst
al 4
0A
r-39A
r da
ting
iden
tifie
s co
ntam
inat
ion:
G
eolo
gy, v
. 26
, p. 3
43
-34
6.
Gra
f, W
. L.,
1994
, Plu
toni
um a
nd th
e Ri
o G
rand
e: N
ew Y
ork,
Oxf
ord
Uni
vers
ity P
ress
, 329
p.
.
Hog
e, H
. P.,
1970
, Neo
gene
stra
tigra
phy
of th
e Sa
nta
Ana
are
a, S
ando
val C
ount
y, N
ew M
exic
o: A
lbuq
uerq
ue,
Uni
vers
ity o
f New
Mex
ico,
Ph.
D. t
hesis
(unp
ub.),
140
p.
Kelle
y, V
. C.,
197
7, G
eolo
gy o
f the
Alb
uque
rque
bas
in, N
ew M
exic
o: N
ew M
exic
o Bu
reau
of M
ines
and
Min
eral
Res
ourc
es, M
emoi
r 33,
59
p.
McI
ntos
h, W
. C.,
and
Qua
de, J
., 19
95, 4
0 Ar/
39A
r ge
ochr
onol
ogy
of te
phra
laye
rs in
the
Sant
a Fe
Gro
up,
Espa
ñola
bas
in,
New
Mex
ico:
New
Mex
ico
Geo
logi
cal
Soci
ety,
Gui
debo
ok 4
6,
p. 2
79
-287
.
Rene
au, S
. L.,
Gar
dner
, J. N
., an
d Fo
rman
, S. L
., 19
96, N
ew e
vide
nce
for t
he a
ge o
f the
you
nges
t eru
ptio
nsin
the
Valle
s ca
lder
a, N
ew M
exic
o: G
eolo
gy, v
. 24,
p. 7
-10.
Smith
, G. A
., an
d La
vine
, A.,
1996
, Wha
t is t
he C
ochi
ti Fo
rmat
ion?
New
Mex
ico
Geo
logi
cal S
ocie
ty, G
uide
book
47, p
. 219
-224
.
Smith
, G. A
., Si
mm
ons,
M. C
., an
d Ku
hle,
A. J
., 19
97, C
onte
mpo
rane
ous m
agm
atic
and
hyd
rom
agm
atic
Plio
cene
basa
lt er
uptio
ns a
t the
site
of C
ochi
ti D
am, S
ando
val C
ount
y, N
ew M
exic
o [a
bstr.
]: N
ew M
exic
o G
eolo
gy,
v. 1
9, p
. 63.
Smith
, R. L
., Ba
iley,
R. A
., an
d Ro
ss, C
. S.,
1970
, Geo
logi
c m
ap o
f the
Jem
ez M
ount
ains
, New
Mex
ico:
U.S
.G
eolo
gica
l Sur
vey,
Misc
ella
neou
s In
vest
igat
ions
Map
I-57
1, s
cale
1:1
25,0
00.
CO
CH
ITI D
AM
EX
CA
VA
TIO
N A
ND
FIL
L
Alth
ough
the
map
bas
e is
a re
vise
d to
pogr
aphi
c m
ap is
sued
afte
r con
struc
tion
of C
ochi
ti D
am,
not a
ll of
the
dam
fill
is co
rrec
tly re
pres
ente
d an
d to
pogr
aphy
was
not
revi
sed
in th
e ar
ea o
fex
cava
tions
for f
ill m
ater
ial a
nd th
e co
nvey
ance
cha
nnel
.
Dam
fill
and
engi
neer
ing
struc
ture
s.
Dia
gona
l hat
chur
es —
are
as o
f dee
p ex
cava
tion
and
rem
oval
of s
uffic
ient
vol
ume
of m
ater
ial
so a
s to
pro
hibi
t acc
urat
e m
appi
ng o
n th
is to
pogr
aphi
c ba
se.
Uni
t QTs
lg is
cur
rent
ly e
xpos
edin
mos
t of t
hese
are
as b
ut a
t ele
vatio
ns 2
00-3
00 fe
et lo
wer
than
the
topo
grap
hy re
pres
ente
don
the
topo
grap
hic
base
.
Oth
er e
xcav
atio
ns a
nd re
cont
ourin
g ha
ve s
ubsta
ntia
lly m
odifi
ed th
e la
ndsc
ape
with
in th
e ar
eapo
rtray
ed o
n th
e m
ap b
ase
by th
e di
sturb
ed-g
roun
d sy
mbo
l (re
mov
ed h
ere
for c
larit
y–
see
actu
al to
pogr
aphi
c m
ap fo
r are
al e
xten
t).
The
mag
nitu
de o
f th
is di
sturb
ance
is n
ot s
o gr
eat,
how
ever
, as
to p
rohi
bit m
appi
ng o
f uni
ts an
d pr
ojec
tions
of c
onta
cts
onto
the
pre
- exc
avat
ion
topo
grap
hy.
QU
ATE
RN
AR
Y A
LLU
VIA
L, E
OLI
AN
, AN
D M
ASS
-WA
STIN
G D
EPO
SITS
Dep
osits
of
mod
ern
chan
nel a
nd f
lood
plai
n of
the
Rio
Gra
nde
(Hol
ocen
e) —
Sa
nd,
mud
and
min
or g
rave
l, m
ostly
with
in 3
m e
leva
tion
of th
e pr
esen
t cha
nnel
. Pr
omin
ent g
eom
orph
icex
pres
sion
of a
band
oned
cha
nnel
s (s
ome
of w
hich
are
occ
upie
d by
per
man
ent p
onds
and
mar
shes
) an
d ve
geta
ted
bars
. Th
ese
depo
sits
are
pro
babl
y m
ostly
of h
isto
ric a
ge a
nd a
rela
rgel
y yo
unge
r th
an 1
940
(cf
., G
raf,
1994
, fig
ure
10.3
).
Thic
knes
s un
know
n.
Old
er a
lluvi
um o
f the
Rio
Gra
nde
(upp
er P
leis
toce
ne?
and
Hol
ocen
e) —
Allu
vial
san
d,gr
avel
and
silt
, 10
-30
m th
ick,
und
erly
ing
a lo
w-re
lief s
urfa
ce a
bout
3 m
abo
ve th
e ac
tive
chan
nel o
f the
Rio
Gra
nde.
Thi
s su
rface
has
bee
n la
rgel
y m
odifi
ed b
y ag
ricul
tura
l act
ivity
but
,w
here
unm
odifi
ed, l
acks
the
rem
nant
cha
nnel
and
bar
topo
grap
hy th
at is
pro
min
ent o
n th
esu
rfac
e of
uni
t Qf.
Pro
babl
y in
terc
alat
ed w
ith u
nit Q
al n
ear
the
valle
y m
argi
ns.
U.S
. Arm
yC
orps
of E
ngin
eers
(USA
CE)
cor
e lo
gs a
long
the
Rio
Gra
nde
at th
e C
ochi
ti D
am o
utle
t ind
icat
ea
10-3
0 m
thic
knes
s fo
r thi
s de
posit
.
Allu
vium
dep
osite
d by
Rio
Gra
nde
trib
utar
ies
(upp
er P
leis
toce
ne?
and
Hol
ocen
e) —
Poor
ly s
orte
d gr
avel
ly s
and
and
sand
y gr
avel
dep
osite
d in
cha
nnel
s an
d m
inor
floo
dpla
inar
eas
of tr
ibut
ary
strea
ms
and
as a
bro
ad a
lluvi
al a
pron
alo
ng th
e w
est s
ide
of th
e Ri
o G
rand
eva
lley
(eas
t edg
e of
the
Sant
o D
omin
go P
uebl
o SW
qua
dran
gle)
. In
clud
es tr
ibut
ary-
mou
thfa
ns w
here
the
Sant
a Fe
Riv
er, a
n un
nam
ed a
rroy
o so
uth
of P
eña
Blan
ca, G
alist
eo C
reek
, and
stre
ams
in P
eral
ta C
anyo
n, C
añon
San
to D
omin
go, a
nd C
añad
a de
Coc
hiti
emer
ge fr
omre
lativ
ely
conf
ined
val
leys
ont
o th
e Ri
o G
rand
e flo
odpl
ain.
Bed
s of
eol
ian
fine
sand
to 0
.5 m
thic
k ar
e lo
cally
pre
sent
. Th
is de
posit
is e
ntre
nche
d by
as
muc
h as
3 m
in s
ever
al lo
calit
ies,
espe
cial
ly a
long
the
low
er S
anta
Fe
Rive
r an
d G
alist
eo C
reek
. Th
e up
per s
urfa
ce c
ontin
ues
to r
ecei
ve d
epos
ition
by
low
er-o
rder
trib
utar
ies,
how
ever
, so
this
unit
was
not
map
ped
as a
terr
ace.
Alo
ng th
e m
argi
n of
the
Rio
Gra
nde
valle
y, th
ese
depo
sits
are
grad
ed to
the
top
ofun
it Q
oa a
nd a
re a
lso li
kely
inte
rbed
ded
with
Qoa
. A
lluvi
um d
epos
ited
near
the
conf
luen
ceof
Per
alta
Can
yon
and
the
Rio
Gra
nde
at C
ochi
ti Pu
eblo
is g
rade
d to
an
olde
r co
nflu
ence
fart
her
east
. W
estw
ard
mig
ratio
n of
the
Rio
Gra
nde
has
caus
ed a
loca
l bas
e-le
vel d
rop,
regr
adin
g of
the
low
erm
ost P
eral
ta C
anyo
n dr
aina
ge, a
nd in
cisio
n of
uni
t Qal
by
as m
uch
as8
m a
t the
mou
th o
f Per
alta
Can
yon
and
at th
e ea
stern
edg
e of
Coc
hiti
Pueb
lo.
Alth
ough
giv
ing
the
appe
aran
ce o
f a te
rrace
, the
ele
vate
d su
rface
resu
lting
from
this
inci
sion
cont
inue
s to
rece
ive
sedi
men
t fro
m h
illsl
opes
and
low
er-o
rder
trib
utar
ies
and
mer
ges
wes
twar
d w
ith th
e ac
tive
depo
sitio
nal s
urfa
ce o
f the
Per
alta
Can
yon
drai
nage
. To
tal t
hick
ness
is p
roba
bly
simila
r to
unit
Qoa
, 10-
30 m
.
Eolia
n sa
nd a
nd s
ilt (
uppe
r Pl
eist
ocen
e an
d H
oloc
ene)
— M
assiv
e fin
e sa
nd a
nd c
oars
esil
t for
min
g 1-
5 m
thic
k de
posit
s in
the
wes
tern
par
t of S
anto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
SW q
uadr
angl
e.Th
ey a
re m
ost n
otab
le h
ere
in h
igh
elev
atio
n po
sitio
ns in
the
land
scap
e, e
spec
ially
man
tling
grav
el o
f Loo
kout
Par
k (T
glp)
and
the
basa
lt flo
ws
to th
e so
uthw
est.
On
the
Sant
o D
omin
goPu
eblo
qua
dran
gle,
this
unit
form
s a
1-2
m th
ick
cap
on te
rrac
e gr
avel
of u
nits
Qta
4 an
d Q
tp4
and
thic
kens
to a
s m
uch
as 3
m a
gain
st te
rrace
rise
r of Q
ta3
whe
re s
heet
was
h sa
nd a
nd g
rave
lar
e al
so p
rese
nt.
Loca
lly c
onta
ins
snai
ls th
at h
ave
yiel
ded
AM
S 14
C d
ates
of 3
6.9
±0.5
and
37.8
±0.
5 ka
, alth
ough
thes
e sa
mpl
es m
ay o
nly
cont
ain
“dea
d” c
arbo
n (D
. Det
hier
, per
sona
lco
mm
unic
atio
n, A
ugus
t 199
6).
A 1
0-20
cm
thic
k la
yer o
f coa
rse
ash
and
fine
lapi
lli o
f the
El
Caj
ete
Pum
ice,
dat
ed a
t ~60
ka
(Ren
eau,
et a
l., 1
996)
is p
rese
nt w
ithin
this
unit
in th
e N
E1 / 4
Sec.
20
T.1
6N
. R.6
E.
A c
ompl
icat
ed s
tratig
raph
y re
sulti
ng fr
om e
olia
n ac
cum
ulat
ion
and
loca
lized
she
etw
ash
and
gully
was
h er
osio
n or
def
latio
n is
sugg
este
d by
bur
ied,
trun
cate
d so
ilsan
d th
e pr
esen
ce o
f arc
heol
ogic
al m
ater
ial o
f Arc
haic
to P
uebl
o IV
vin
tage
at v
ario
us le
vels
in th
e de
posit
.
Old
er g
rave
l (lo
wer
Ple
isto
cene
) — V
olca
nic-
clas
t gra
vel,
1-2
m th
ick,
resti
ng a
bove
Ban
delie
rTu
ff (Q
bo) i
n se
vera
l out
crop
s in
the
cent
ral a
nd n
orth
-cen
tral p
art o
f the
San
to D
omin
go P
uebl
oSW
qua
dran
gle.
Pro
babl
y re
pres
ents
a th
in v
enee
r of g
rave
l dep
osite
d on
top
of th
e tu
ff pr
ior
to r
einc
isio
n of
dra
inag
e fo
llow
ing
inun
datio
n of
the
land
scap
e by
the
pyr
ocla
stic
flo
w.
Qta
and
Qtp
- Te
rrac
e gr
avel
(Ple
isto
cene
) — F
ill a
nd s
trath
terr
aces
form
ed a
long
the
Rio
Gra
nde
(axi
al g
rave
l - Q
ta) a
nd tr
ibut
arie
s (pi
edm
ont g
rave
l - Q
tp).
Rio
Gra
nde
terra
ce g
rave
lsco
ntai
n ap
prox
imat
ely
30-4
0% q
uartz
ite, 1
5-2
0% in
term
edia
te-c
ompo
sitio
n vo
lcan
ic ro
cks,
5-1
0 %
rhy
olite
, 10
-15%
gra
nitic
and
gne
issic
rock
s, 5
-20%
bas
alt c
last
s an
d 0
-10%
cla
sts
of th
e Ba
ndel
ier T
uff.
In th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
quad
rang
le:
Sant
a Fe
Riv
er te
rrac
es a
reun
derla
in p
rimar
ily b
y pe
bbly
ark
osic
san
d; p
ebbl
es a
re d
omin
antly
gra
nitic
rock
s, w
hite
vei
nqu
artz
, and
bas
alt w
ith s
ubor
dina
te in
term
edia
te v
olca
nic
rock
s. P
eral
ta a
nd S
anto
Dom
ingo
Can
yons
terr
ace
grav
el is
com
pose
d of
var
iabl
y al
tere
d an
desit
ic a
nd rh
yolit
ic c
last
s an
d, in
Pera
lta C
anyo
n, B
ande
lier T
uff f
ragm
ents.
Dom
inan
t gra
vel c
last
s in
Gal
isteo
Cre
ek te
rrac
esar
e ho
rnbl
ende
-pyr
oxen
e la
tite,
der
ived
from
the
Cer
rillo
s are
a, a
nd re
d sa
ndsto
ne a
nd p
etrif
ied
woo
d er
oded
from
the
Eoce
ne G
alist
eo F
orm
atio
n ea
st of
the
quad
rang
le. I
n th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pueb
lo S
W q
uadr
angl
e:
tribu
tary
-stre
am te
rrac
e gr
avel
is d
omin
ated
by
varia
bly
alte
red
ande
sitic
and
rhyo
litic
cla
sts, d
eriv
ed fr
om th
e C
ochi
ti Fo
rmat
ion
(QTc
) ,an
d lo
cally
abu
ndan
tqu
artz
ite p
ebbl
es (
deriv
ed fr
om Q
Tsl).
Ter
race
gra
vel i
n Bo
rreg
o C
anyo
n in
clud
es 1
0-2
5%ba
salt
cobb
les
and
boul
ders
(to
1 m
acr
oss)
and
~1%
cem
ente
d re
d sa
ndst
one
erod
ed fr
omm
iddl
e Sa
nta
Fe G
roup
stra
ta e
xpos
ed i
n th
e Lo
ma
Cre
ston
qua
dran
gle
fart
her
wes
t.
Qta
1 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Stra
th-te
rrace
gra
vel l
ocat
ed a
ppro
xim
atel
y80
-90
m a
bove
gra
de. G
rave
l is
3-5
m th
ick
and
loca
lly c
appe
d by
a d
iscon
tinuo
us v
enee
rof
eol
ian
sand
and
silt
to 1
m.
Con
tain
s, ne
ar th
e ba
se, a
rew
orke
d pa
le-g
ray
ash
corre
late
don
the
basis
of s
hard
che
mist
ry (A
. Sar
na-W
ojci
cki,
USG
S, w
ritte
n co
mm
unic
atio
n, M
arch
1998
) to
Lava
Cre
ek B
(660
ka;
Izet
t, et
al.,
199
9) e
rupt
ed fr
om th
e Ye
llow
stone
cal
dera
.
Qtp
1 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Fill
-terra
ce g
rave
l, 3
-8 m
thic
k co
nfid
ently
iden
tifie
d in
Cañ
on S
egur
o an
d be
twee
n Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
and
Bor
rego
Can
yons
whe
reLa
va C
reek
B te
phra
(A. S
arna
-Woj
cick
i, U
SGS,
writ
ten
com
mun
icat
ion,
Mar
ch 1
998)
isfo
und
in th
e lo
wer
par
t of t
he fi
ll. A
t the
latte
r loc
ality
, Qtp
1 gr
avel
pro
grad
ed o
ver Q
ta1
grav
el. G
rave
l in
a si
mila
r ge
omor
phic
pos
ition
, but
lack
ing
ash,
is fo
und
adja
cent
toBo
rreg
o C
anyo
n.
Qta
2 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Stra
th-te
rrace
gra
vel l
ocat
ed a
ppro
xim
atel
y50
-70
m a
bove
gra
de a
long
the
Rio
Gra
nde
and,
at o
ne lo
calit
y, a
long
the
Sant
a Fe
Riv
er.
Axi
al g
rave
l pre
sent
abo
ve S
anta
Cru
z A
rroy
o is
1-2
m th
ick
and
cont
ains
up
to 2
0% c
lasts
of B
ande
lier
Tuff
and
10-2
0%
bas
alt.
Ero
ded
terr
ace
rem
nant
in S
anta
Fe
Rive
r va
lley
cont
ains
bas
alt b
ould
ers
to 1
.25
m a
cros
s. F
our k
ilom
eter
s to
the
north
, in
the
Coc
hiti
Dam
quad
rang
le, a
n ax
ial s
trath
gra
vel o
f uni
t Qta
2 ov
erlie
s a
soil
deve
lope
d on
a fl
ood-
grav
elde
posit
. Th
is lo
wer
gra
vel i
nclu
des
rew
orke
d bi
otite
-rhyo
lite
teph
ra d
ated
by
40A
r/39
Ar a
t0.
55 ±
0.01
Ma
(W. M
cInt
osh,
per
sona
l com
mun
icat
ion,
Feb
ruar
y 19
97)
that
is p
roba
bly
corr
elat
ive
to th
e So
uth
Mou
ntai
n Rh
yolit
e. D
ethi
er a
nd M
cCoy
(199
3) e
stim
ate
an a
geof
310
±70
ka
for
fill t
erra
ces
at a
sim
ilar
elev
atio
n ab
ove
grad
e in
the
Espa
ñola
Bas
in,
whi
ch m
ay b
e ro
ughl
y co
rrela
tive
with
the
<550
ka
Qta
2 str
ath.
Det
hier
et a
l. (1
988)
repo
rta
varn
ish-c
atio
n-ra
tio a
ge e
stim
ate
of 3
50-2
40 k
a fo
r gra
vel f
rom
Qta
2 in
the
Coc
hiti
Dam
quad
rang
le.
Qtp
2 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Fill
-terr
ace
grav
el, 5
-10
m th
ick,
loca
ted
appr
oxim
atel
y 50
-70
m a
bove
gra
de n
orth
of B
orre
go C
anyo
n an
d in
a d
iscon
tinuo
usbe
lt th
roug
h th
e ce
ntra
l par
t of t
he S
anto
Dom
ing
Pueb
lo S
W q
uadr
angl
e. R
are
clas
ts of
wel
ded
Band
elie
r Tuf
f in
this
latte
r out
crop
bel
t are
der
ived
from
sou
rce
outc
rops
out
side
the
pres
ent w
ater
shed
s of e
xisti
ng d
rain
ages
and
, alo
ng w
ith d
istrib
utio
n of
terra
ce re
mna
nts,
sugg
est d
epos
ition
by
an a
nces
tral P
eral
ta C
anyo
n dr
aina
ge th
at e
xten
ded
sout
hwar
d to
a co
nflu
ence
with
Bor
rego
Can
yon
or th
e Ri
o G
rand
e. G
eom
orph
ic re
latio
nshi
ps in
this
quad
rang
le, a
nd in
the
Cañ
ada
quad
rang
le fa
rthe
r no
rth,
indi
cate
that
this
anc
estra
ldr
aina
ge w
as p
irate
d by
hea
dwar
d er
osio
n of
two
tribu
tarie
s to
the
Rio
Gra
nde,
one
of
whi
ch is
repr
esen
ted
by lo
wer
Cañ
on S
anto
Dom
ingo
. The
cor
rela
tive
terra
ces
in th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
quad
rang
le a
re <
550
ka a
nd a
re te
ntat
ivel
y co
rrela
ted
to E
spañ
ola
Basin
terr
aces
for
whi
ch D
ethi
er a
nd M
cCoy
(19
93)
estim
ate
an a
ge o
f 310
±70
ka.
Qtp
2 is
prob
ably
cor
rela
tive
with
the
Cañ
ada
terr
ace
of A
by (1
997)
.
Qta
3 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Fill
-ter
race
gra
vel w
ith a
n up
per s
urfa
ceap
prox
imat
ely
30-3
5 m
abo
ve g
rade
alo
ng th
e Ri
o G
rand
e, S
anta
Fe
Rive
r, an
d Pe
ralta
Can
yon.
Qta
3 is
at le
ast 3
0 m
thic
k al
ong
the
Rio
Gra
nde
betw
een
Coc
hiti
Dam
and
Peñ
aBl
anca
. Th
e Q
ta3
fill c
onsis
ts o
f thr
ee s
ubun
its, n
ot m
appe
d se
para
tely
. Fr
om b
otto
m to
top
thes
e ar
e: (1
) A lo
wer
cob
ble
grav
el w
ith in
terc
alat
ed sa
nd le
nses
and
min
or sl
ackw
ater
silt a
nd c
lay.
Thi
s un
it is
best
exp
osed
in b
orro
w p
its in
Peñ
a Bl
anca
and
is a
t lea
st 1
5 m
thic
k. (2
) A m
iddl
e sa
nd a
nd s
ilt w
ith g
rave
l len
ses,
app
roxi
mat
ely
12-1
5 m
thic
k, w
hich
incl
udes
gyp
sifer
ous
mud
. (3)
An
uppe
r gra
vel a
bout
1-2
m th
ick.
Hog
e (1
970)
pro
pose
dco
rrel
atio
n of
the
unit
here
map
ped
as Q
ta3
with
the
mid
dle
Plei
stoc
ene
Edith
Gra
vel o
fth
e A
lbuq
uerq
ue a
rea,
alth
ough
we
map
the
exte
nt o
f thi
s gr
avel
diff
eren
tly th
an d
id H
oge.
Det
hier
and
McC
oy (
1993
) es
timat
e an
age
of 1
70 ±
40 k
a fo
r fil
l ter
race
s at
a s
imila
rel
evat
ion
abov
e gr
ade
in th
e Es
paño
la B
asin
, whi
ch m
ay b
e ro
ughl
y co
rrel
ativ
e w
ith th
eQ
ta3
fill.
Qtp
3 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Fill
-ter
race
gra
vel 5
-10
m th
ick,
with
an
uppe
r sur
face
app
roxi
mat
ely
30-3
5 m
abo
ve g
rade
. The
mos
t pro
min
ent o
f the
se d
epos
itsar
e pr
esen
t in
the
low
er p
art o
f the
unn
amed
dra
inag
e no
rth o
f Bor
rego
Can
yon.
The
sede
posi
ts e
xten
d aw
ay fr
om th
e m
oder
n dr
aina
ge a
nd m
ark
the
cour
se o
f an
ance
stra
lPe
ralta
Can
yon,
whi
ch e
nter
ed t
he a
rea
from
the
nor
th (
see
desc
riptio
n fo
r Q
tp2).
Qta
4 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (up
per
Plei
stoc
ene)
— F
ill-te
rrac
e gr
avel
with
an
uppe
r sur
face
appr
oxim
atel
y 18
-20
m a
bove
gra
de a
long
the
Rio
Gra
nde,
San
ta F
e Ri
ver,
Gal
isteo
Cre
ekan
d Pe
ralta
and
San
to D
omin
go C
anyo
ns.
Beca
use
Qta
4 is
typi
cally
inse
t aga
inst
sim
ilar
grav
el o
f Qta
3, th
e pr
ecise
por
traya
l of t
he th
ickn
ess o
f Qta
4 te
rrace
fill
is di
fficu
lt to
esta
blish
for m
any
outc
rops
. In
gul
lies
sout
h of
the
outle
t of C
ochi
ti D
am a
nd in
bor
row
pits
in P
eña
Blan
ca it
is a
ppar
ent t
hat t
his t
erra
ce d
epos
it is
at le
ast a
s muc
h as
8 m
thic
k. A
t the
ext
rem
eno
rth e
dge
of th
e qu
adra
ngle
this
terra
ce in
clud
es b
ould
ers
of b
asal
t and
haw
aiite
as
muc
has
4 m
acr
oss
that
pre
sum
ably
repr
esen
t flo
ods
rela
ted
to o
utbr
eaks
from
land
slide
dam
sin
Whi
te R
ock
Can
yon.
Q
ta4 u
nder
lies
Qe,
whi
ch c
onta
ins
~6
0 k
a El
Caj
ete
Pum
ice
(Ren
eau,
et a
l., 1
996)
. D
ethi
er a
nd M
cCoy
(199
3) e
stim
ate
an a
ge o
f 95
±15
ka fo
r fill
terr
aces
at a
sim
ilar e
leva
tion
abov
e gr
ade
in th
e Es
paño
la B
asin
, whi
ch m
ay b
e ro
ughl
yco
rrel
ativ
e w
ith th
e Q
ta4
fill.
Qtp
4 pr
obab
ly c
orre
late
s to
the
Rio
terr
ace
of A
by (1
997)
.To
pogr
aphi
c m
aps
pred
atin
g th
e co
nstru
ctio
n of
Coc
hiti
Dam
sug
gest
the
pres
ence
of a
sligh
tly lo
wer
, ~15
m, t
erra
ce th
at w
as d
estro
yed
durin
g da
m c
onst
ruct
ion.
Pho
togr
aphs
in U
SAC
E fo
unda
tion
repo
rts fo
r the
bui
ldin
g of
Coc
hiti
Dam
illu
strat
e a
seve
ral-m
eter
thic
kac
cum
ulat
ion
of p
umic
e on
the
upp
er s
urfa
ce o
f th
is te
rrac
e an
d ba
nked
aga
inst
the
back
slope
. Th
is de
posit
was
mos
t lik
ely
El C
ajet
e Pu
mic
e. It
is n
ot c
lear
to u
s if
this
terr
ace
is di
stinc
t fro
m Q
ta4
or n
ot.
If it
is re
ally
you
nger
, it m
ay c
orre
late
to th
e A
sh te
rrac
e of
Aby
(199
7).
Qtp
4 - T
erra
ce g
rave
l (up
per
Plei
stoc
ene)
— F
ill-te
rrac
e gr
avel
, 3-8
m th
ick,
with
an
uppe
r su
rfac
e ap
prox
imat
ely
18-2
0 m
abo
ve g
rade
. It i
s le
ss th
an 3
m th
ick
in lo
wer
Pera
lta C
anyo
n bu
t rea
ches
typi
cal t
hick
ness
nea
r the
mou
th o
f the
San
ta F
e Ri
ver.
It is
mos
tpr
omin
ent a
long
Bor
rego
Can
yon
and
the
sout
h sid
e of
Cañ
on S
anto
Dom
ingo
whe
re th
isgr
avel
und
erlie
s a
broa
d su
rface
mar
king
a fo
rmer
trib
utar
y-m
outh
fan
alon
g th
e w
este
rnsi
de o
f th
e Ri
o G
rand
e va
lley.
The
equ
ival
ent t
erra
ces
in th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
quad
rang
le a
re >
60 k
a an
d ar
e te
ntat
ivel
y co
rrela
ted
to E
spañ
ola
Basin
terra
ces
for w
hich
Det
hier
and
McC
oy (1
993)
esti
mat
e an
age
of 9
5 ±1
5 ka
.
Qtp
5 -
Terr
ace
grav
el
(upp
er P
leis
toce
ne) —
Fill
-ter
race
gra
vel,
2-8
m th
ick,
with
an u
pper
sur
face
app
roxi
mat
ely
10 m
abo
ve g
rade
. F
ound
disc
ontin
uous
ly i
n C
añon
Sant
o D
omin
go.
Allu
vial
fan
gra
vel (
mid
dle
? Pl
eist
ocen
e to
Hol
ocen
e) —
Poo
rly s
orte
d, a
ngul
ar g
rave
lof
bas
alt c
lasts
, 5 c
m to
2 m
acr
oss,
com
prisi
ng a
lluvi
al fa
ns a
nd th
in (<
1 m
thic
k) d
owns
lope
allu
vial
apr
ons
adja
cent
to th
e La
Baj
ada
Mes
a es
carp
men
t. P
roba
bly
inte
rbed
ded
with
uni
tQ
alm
. L
ocal
, 0
.5-1
.5 m
thi
ck,
vene
ers
of e
olia
n sa
nd n
ot m
appe
d se
para
tely
.
Pied
mon
t san
d, u
ndiff
eren
tiate
d (m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Poo
rly s
orte
d sa
nd a
nd m
inor
,le
ntic
ular
gra
vel o
verly
ing
Qta
3 a
djac
ent t
o th
e Sa
nta
Fe R
iver
, and
ave
ragi
ng 2
.5 m
thic
k.G
ener
ally
exh
ibits
a c
appi
ng s
oil w
ith a
1+
m th
ick
Bt h
oriz
on a
nd a
sta
ge II
to II
I cal
cic
horiz
on.
In th
e ce
nter
of S
ec21
T.1
6N
. R.6
E., t
his
depo
sit is
cle
arly
disc
onfo
rmab
le o
n Q
ta3,
alth
ough
it m
ay n
ot b
e su
bsta
ntia
lly y
oung
er th
an th
e un
derly
ing
terr
ace
grav
el. T
extu
re a
ndra
rely
pre
serv
ed s
edim
enta
ry s
truct
ures
sug
gest
that
Qpu
is a
com
bina
tion
of s
heet
was
h,gu
llyw
ash,
and
eol
ian
sedi
men
t der
ived
, at l
east
in p
art,
from
ero
sion
of th
e hi
gher
upl
and
surf
ace
and
the
back
slop
e ab
ove
the
Qta
3 te
rrac
e.
Dep
ositi
on o
f thi
s m
ater
ial p
roba
bly
follo
wed
aba
ndon
men
t of t
he Q
ta3
surfa
ce b
y th
e Ri
o G
rand
e.
Allu
vium
of t
he L
a M
ajad
a M
esa
surf
ace
(low
er?
to m
iddl
e Pl
eist
ocen
e) —
Poo
rly so
rted
sand
and
silt
with
min
or, l
entic
ular
gra
vel;
text
ural
ly s
imila
r to
Qpu
. D
epos
its o
f allu
vium
and
eolia
n se
dim
ent a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith a
n ex
tens
ive
geom
orph
ic s
urfa
ce e
xten
ding
from
Gal
isteo
Cre
ek to
nea
r the
bas
e of
La
Baja
da M
esa
and
cons
truct
ed b
y G
alist
eo C
reek
, San
ta F
e Ri
ver
and,
per
haps
to a
min
or e
xten
t, th
e Ri
o G
rand
e.
Sedi
men
t und
erly
ing
this
surf
ace
rest
s on
Sier
ra L
adro
nes
Form
atio
n (S
anta
Fe
Gro
up) a
nd h
as b
een
exte
nsiv
ely
strip
ped.
Whe
re Q
alm
rest
s di
rect
ly o
n Q
Tslp
, the
re is
insu
ffici
ent t
extu
ral o
r co
mpo
sitio
nal d
iffer
ence
to d
istin
guish
the
two
units
. Ex
cava
tions
eas
t of C
ochi
ti D
am re
veal
that
at l
east
10-1
2 m
of Q
alm
orig
inal
lyre
sted
abov
e Q
Tslg
, alth
ough
muc
h of
this
mat
eria
l was
rem
oved
to p
rovi
de fi
ll fo
r Coc
hiti
Dam
. In
the
wal
ls of
thes
e ex
cava
tions
, Qal
m c
onta
ins
num
erou
s bu
ried
soils
sug
gesti
ng a
com
plex
histo
ry o
f alte
rnat
ing
land
scap
e sta
bilit
y an
d ac
cret
ion.
A c
appi
ng s
tage
III t
o IV
cal
cic
horiz
onis
pres
ent i
n m
any
plac
es b
elow
a la
rgel
y st
rippe
d Bt
. Lo
cal a
ccum
ulat
ions
of s
and
on th
eup
perm
ost s
urfa
ce a
re a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith a
ctiv
e eo
lian
proc
esse
s but
wer
e no
t map
ped
sepa
rate
ly.
Uni
t Qal
m is
pos
sibly
cor
rela
tive
with
the
Ridg
e te
rrac
e of
Aby
(199
7) a
nd w
ith a
xial
-gra
vel
terr
ace
Qta
1.
Land
slid
e de
posi
ts a
nd c
ollu
vium
(Ple
isto
cene
?) —
Rot
ated
slid
e bl
ocks
of h
awai
ite la
vaan
d co
arse
col
luvi
um a
ccum
ulat
ed o
n slo
pes
belo
w u
nit T
h in
the
north
east
corn
er o
f the
San
toD
omin
go P
uebl
o qu
adra
ngle
.
Col
luvi
um (
uppe
r Pl
eist
ocen
e an
d H
oloc
ene)
— R
ock
-fal
l tal
us c
ones
and
scr
ee s
lope
sco
mpo
sed
of b
asal
t blo
cks
man
tling
ste
ep h
illslo
pes
belo
w b
asal
tic la
va fl
ows
in th
e so
uthe
rnpa
rt of
the
Sant
o D
omin
go P
uebl
o SW
qua
dran
gle.
Also
del
inea
tes
grav
elly
col
luvi
al s
lope
sal
ong
the
north
sid
e of
low
er B
orre
go C
anyo
n.
QU
ATE
RNA
RY –
TER
TIA
RY A
LLU
VIA
L D
EPO
SITS
Sant
a Fe
Gro
upSi
erra
Lad
rone
s Fo
rmat
ion
- upp
er M
ioce
ne to
low
er P
leis
toce
ne
Sand
, mud
and
gra
vel d
epos
ited
by e
aste
rn-p
iedm
ont s
trea
ms
— B
uff t
o re
d co
lore
dsa
nd a
nd m
ud.
Pebb
ly li
thic
-ark
osic
san
d de
rived
from
sou
rces
eas
t and
nor
thea
st o
f the
basi
n.
Fine
r-gr
aine
d fa
cies
may
incl
ude
both
eas
tern
pie
dmon
t and
axi
al-fl
oodp
lain
depo
sits.
Mos
t peb
bly
laye
rs fr
om n
orth
sid
e of
Gal
isteo
Cre
ek to
nor
th s
ide
of S
anta
Fe
Rive
r val
ley
are
dom
inat
ed b
y cl
asts
of g
rani
te, b
asal
t, an
d w
hite
vei
n qu
artz
sug
gest
ing
depo
siton
by
an A
nces
tral S
anta
Fe
Rive
r. G
rave
l lay
ers a
nd le
nses
sout
h of
Gal
isteo
Cre
ek,
and
loca
lly o
n th
e no
rth si
de o
f tha
t val
ley,
con
tain
abu
ndan
t cla
sts o
f hor
nble
nde-
pyro
xene
latit
e po
rphy
ry, d
eriv
ed fr
om in
trusiv
e an
d vo
lcan
ic ro
cks
near
Cer
rillo
s, a
nd u
biqu
itous
,th
ough
min
or, r
ound
ed c
obbl
es o
f pet
rifie
d w
ood
likel
y er
oded
from
the
Eoce
ne G
alist
eoFo
rmat
ion.
The
se la
tter g
rave
ls ha
ve a
pro
vena
nce
simila
r to
that
of m
oder
n G
alist
eo C
reek
.Pr
esen
ce o
f bas
alt c
lasts
and
inte
rcal
atio
n w
ith B
ande
lier T
uff i
n th
e G
alist
eo C
reek
dra
inag
ein
dica
te a
Plio
cene
-ear
ly P
leist
ocen
e ag
e fo
r exp
osed
par
ts of
this
unit.
Pum
iceo
us a
lluvi
umin
this
val
ley,
1.5
mile
eas
t of D
omin
go, c
onta
ins
abun
dant
foss
il re
mai
ns o
f Equ
us a
ndG
omph
othe
rium
. In
clud
es a
xial
-gra
vel d
epos
its (Q
Tslg
) whe
re to
o th
in to
map
sep
arat
ely.
Gra
vel d
epos
ited
by a
xial
riv
er (a
nces
tral
Rio
Gra
nde)
— M
appe
d as
QTs
l in
the
Sant
oD
omin
go P
uebl
o SW
qua
dran
gle,
but
diff
eren
tiate
d fro
m Q
Tslp
as Q
Tslg
whe
re u
nit t
hick
ness
and
map
sca
le p
erm
ited
in th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
quad
rang
le.
Con
tain
s ab
out 3
5-
40%
qua
rtzite
, 20%
gra
nitic
and
met
amor
phic
rock
s an
d th
e re
mai
nder
mos
tly v
olca
nic
rock
s. C
lasts
of O
ligoc
ene
Pede
rnal
Che
rt co
mpr
ise 1
to 5
% o
f mos
t out
crop
s. In
terb
edde
dw
ith C
ochi
ti Fo
rmat
ion
(QTc
) an
d th
e Pe
ralta
Tuf
f Mem
ber o
f the
Bea
rhea
d Rh
yolit
e (T
bp).
In th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
SW q
uadr
angl
e, a
xial
gra
vel i
s in
terb
edde
d w
ith b
eds
ofPe
ralta
Tuf
f Mem
ber o
f the
Bea
rhea
d Rh
yolit
e th
at h
ave
yiel
ded
40A
r/39
Ar a
ges
of 6
.81
±0.
02, 6
.81
±0.
01, a
nd 6
.88
±0.
01 M
a (W
. McI
ntos
h, p
erso
nal c
omm
unic
atio
n, F
eb.
1997
). T
hese
upp
er M
ioce
ne o
utcr
ops
are
cont
iguo
us w
ith th
ose
expo
sed
in th
e fo
otw
all
of th
e Si
le fa
ult,
sout
h of
Sile
, whe
re a
n ag
e of
6.8
2 ±
0.0
4 M
a w
as d
eter
min
ed (
W.
McI
ntos
h, p
erso
nal c
omm
unic
atio
n, O
ct. 1
997)
for p
umic
e w
ithin
QTs
lg.
To th
e no
rthw
est,
in th
e C
añad
a qu
adra
ngle
, rhy
oliti
c hy
drom
agm
atic
dep
osits
dat
ed a
t 6.9
0 ±
0.06
Ma
(McI
ntos
h an
d Q
uade
, 19
95
), an
d cl
early
from
a lo
wer
stra
tigra
phic
pos
ition
than
the
sam
ples
pro
vidi
ng th
e th
ree
ages
abo
ve, c
onta
in a
cces
sory
cla
sts d
eriv
ed fr
om a
xial
gra
vel
depo
sits.
Tep
hra,
app
aren
tly re
wor
ked
from
the
low
er B
ande
lier T
uff,
and
date
d at
1.6
2±
0.01
Ma
(W. M
cInt
osh,
per
sona
l com
mun
icat
ion,
Feb
. 199
7) is
pre
sent
in th
e Sa
nta
FeRi
ver
valle
y im
med
iate
ly u
pstre
am o
f Coc
hiti
Dam
. Th
ese
date
s co
nstra
in th
e ag
e of
the
Sier
ra L
adro
nes F
orm
atio
n ou
tcro
ps in
the
map
are
a fro
m la
te M
ioce
ne to
ear
ly P
leist
ocen
e. C
uttin
gs fr
om a
Bur
eau
of In
dian
Affa
irs w
ater
wel
l dril
led
near
the
easte
rn m
argi
n of
the
qua
dra
ngle
enc
ount
ered
axi
al
gra
vel
in t
he s
ubsu
rfa
ce (
cros
s-se
ctio
n A
-A')
.
Sand
dep
osite
d b
y a
xia
l riv
er (
anc
estr
al R
io G
rand
e) —
Sa
nd a
nd g
rave
lly s
and
cons
picu
ous
alon
g ea
st sid
e of
Rio
Gra
nde,
mos
tly s
outh
of P
eña
Blan
ca.
Loca
lly p
artia
llyce
men
ted
by y
ello
w-b
row
n iro
n hy
drox
ides
. Tro
ugh
and
tabu
lar c
ross
bedd
ing
reve
al fl
owto
war
d th
e so
uth
and
sout
hwes
t. D
istin
ct fr
om Q
Tslg
by
dom
inan
ce o
f san
d, ra
ther
than
grav
el, s
ize
grai
ns.
App
roxi
mat
ely
200
m th
ick
with
bas
e no
t exp
osed
.
.
Lacu
stri
ne c
lay,
silt
, and
san
d —
Tw
o lit
hofa
cies
ass
embl
ages
are
reco
gniz
ed. L
amin
ated
and
thin
bed
ded
sand
, silt
, and
cla
y as
soci
ated
with
vol
cani
c de
posit
s of u
nit T
b ar
e lo
cate
dbe
twee
n C
ochi
ti La
ke a
nd C
añad
a de
Coc
hiti.
The
se a
re d
epos
its o
f lak
es th
at fo
rmed
inhy
drom
agm
atic
cra
ters
(out
crop
s in
Cañ
ada
de C
ochi
ti) a
nd u
pslo
pe o
f hyd
rom
agm
atic
tuff
rings
and
lava
flow
s th
at te
mpo
raril
y bl
ocke
d th
e an
cest
ral R
io G
rand
e (S
mith
, et a
l.,19
97; o
utcr
ops
east
of C
ochi
ti D
am).
Com
bine
d su
rfac
e an
d su
bsur
face
dat
a (U
SAC
E)in
dica
te th
ickn
ess
as g
reat
as
25
m.
The
seco
nd li
thof
acie
s as
sem
blag
e is
map
ped
asnu
mer
ous
dist
inct
bed
s in
terb
edde
d w
ith u
nit Q
Tsls
sout
h of
Peñ
a Bl
anca
and
con
sists
of
mas
sive
to la
min
ated
cal
care
ous
gree
n m
udsto
ne, m
arl,
tuffa
ceou
s m
arl,
rew
orke
d tu
ff an
ddi
atom
ite.
Lacu
stri
ne li
mes
tone
, mud
ston
e an
d m
inor
san
dsto
ne —
Con
sists
of 1
to 3
bed
s of
vugg
y lim
esto
ne, t
rave
rtine
, and
mar
l int
erbe
dded
with
gre
en c
alca
reou
s m
udst
one
and
loca
l bed
s of
axi
al-c
ompo
sitio
n sa
nd. T
otal
thic
knes
s is
4 to
12
m; t
hick
est o
utcr
ops
form
prom
inen
t eas
t-di
ppin
g cu
esta
alo
ng n
orth
sid
e of
Gal
isteo
Cre
ek n
orth
of D
omin
go a
ndin
unn
amed
val
ley
sout
heas
t of P
eña
Blan
ca.
In th
e la
tter
area
, lim
esto
ne fi
lls c
hann
els
inci
sed
thro
ugh
basa
lt (T
b).
Gas
tropo
d an
d os
traco
de fo
ssils
loca
lly a
bund
ant.
Abu
ndan
ceof
pre
cipi
tate
d ca
lcite
sug
gests
bod
ies
of w
ater
that
wer
e at
leas
t par
tially
spr
ing
fed.
The
larg
e ex
tent
of t
his
depo
sit, h
owev
er, s
ugge
sts
an a
real
ly e
xten
sive
shal
low
lake
. Th
ese
depo
sits
mig
ht s
pecu
lativ
ely
rela
te to
disr
uptio
n of
sur
face
flow
and
con
sequ
ent w
ater
-tabl
eris
e ca
used
by
impo
undm
ent o
f the
Rio
Gra
nde
valle
y be
hind
lava
dam
s of
the
San
Felip
evo
lcan
ic fi
eld
loca
ted
imm
edia
tely
sou
thw
est o
f the
qua
dran
gle.
Coc
hiti
Form
atio
n (u
pper
Mio
cene
to lo
wer
Ple
isto
cene
) — V
olca
nicl
astic
sand
and
gra
vel
in p
oorly
sor
ted,
tabu
lar b
eds.
Gra
datio
nally
ove
rlies
the
uppe
r Mio
cene
Per
alta
Tuf
f Mem
ber
of th
e Be
arhe
ad R
hyol
ite (S
mith
and
Lav
ine,
199
6).
Con
tact
is lo
cate
d ab
out 1
0 m
abo
ve a
6.79
±0.
05 M
a py
rocl
astic
dep
osit
(McI
ntos
h an
d Q
uade
, 199
5).
A 6
.16
±0.
07 M
a (W
.M
cInt
osh,
per
sona
l com
mun
icat
ion,
Oct
ober
199
7) r
hyol
itic
teph
ra is
pre
sent
nea
r th
e ba
seof
the
form
atio
n at
Ten
t Roc
ks in
the
Cañ
ada
quad
rang
le. I
n th
e C
ochi
ti D
am q
uadr
angl
e, th
eup
per C
ochi
ti Fo
rmat
ion
cont
ains
prim
ary
and
rew
orke
d te
phra
-fall
beds
dat
ed a
t 1.8
7 ±0
.01
and
1.84
±0.
02 M
a by
40A
r/39
Ar (
W. M
cInt
osh,
per
sona
l com
mun
icat
ion,
Feb
ruar
y 19
97)
and
corr
elat
ed, b
y vi
sual
com
paris
on, t
o th
e Sa
n D
iego
Can
yon
A a
nd B
igni
mbr
ites.
In
the
Cañ
ada
quad
rang
le, l
ower
Ple
istoc
ene
Band
elie
r Tuf
f is
pres
ent w
ithin
the
uppe
rmos
t Coc
hiti
Form
atio
n. T
he C
ochi
ti Fo
rmat
ion
is in
terb
edde
d w
ith u
nit Q
Tslg
. Out
crop
s in
the
north
ern
and
wes
tern
par
t of S
anto
Dom
ingo
Pue
blo
SW q
uadr
angl
e ar
e pr
imar
ily g
rave
l and
peb
bly
sand
.Th
e fo
rmat
ion
beco
mes
fine
r gra
ined
tow
ard
the
cent
ral a
nd so
uth-
cent
ral p
art o
f the
qua
dran
gle,
whe
re it
is p
rinci
pally
san
d an
d sil
t with
unc
omm
on ta
bula
r gr
avel
bed
s, g
ener
ally
less
than
1.5
m th
ick.
Cla
sts c
onsis
t of K
eres
Gro
up v
olca
nic
rock
s. In
the
north
ern
part
of th
e qu
adra
ngle
ther
e is
a di
stin
ct u
pwar
d in
crea
se in
the
abun
danc
e of
dev
itrifi
ed a
nd a
ltere
d rh
yolit
e at
the
expe
nse
of v
itric
rhyo
lite;
rhyo
lite
fragm
ents
are
prim
arily
der
ived
from
the
Bear
head
Rhy
olite
.W
este
rn o
utcr
ops
incl
ude
pebb
les
of o
bsid
ian
and
alte
red
pum
ice
belie
ved
to b
e de
rived
from
the
Can
ovas
Can
yon
and
Bear
head
Rhy
olite
s. A
t the
hig
hest
stra
tigra
phic
leve
ls n
ear
the
wes
tern
mar
gin
of th
e qu
adra
ngle
, non
volc
anic
qua
rtz a
nd fe
ldsp
ar c
ompr
ise ~
10%
of t
hesa
nd. W
este
rn o
utcr
ops o
f Coc
hiti
Form
atio
n ar
e de
rived
from
mid
dle
Mio
cene
San
ta F
e G
roup
outc
rops
with
in a
nd w
est o
f the
Cañ
ada
de C
ochi
ti fa
ult z
one.
The
se o
lder
sed
imen
tary
stra
tare
cord
the
inte
rcal
atio
n of
ear
ly K
eres
Gro
up v
olca
nicl
astic
apr
ons
from
the
north
with
allu
vium
deriv
ed fr
om th
e ea
st s
lope
of t
he N
acim
ient
o M
ount
ains
farth
er w
est.
The
wes
tern
out
crop
sof
the
Coc
hiti
Form
atio
n re
cord
the
recy
clin
g of
this
ear
lier
sedi
men
tary
seq
uenc
e in
to th
esu
bsid
ing
Sant
o D
omin
go b
asin
.
Gra
vel o
f Loo
kout
Par
k (u
pper
Plio
cene
) —
Cob
ble
to b
ould
er g
rave
l, co
mpo
sed
mos
tlyof
Ker
es G
roup
and
esite
and
rhy
olite
cla
sts,
5-1
5 m
thic
k, d
iscon
form
ably
ove
rlyin
g C
ochi
tiFo
rmat
ion.
Ove
r mos
t of t
he q
uadr
angl
e, th
is gr
avel
dep
osit
rests
on
a br
oad
pedi
men
t sur
face
but,
in o
utcr
ops
in lo
wer
Bor
rego
Can
yon
and
sout
h of
low
er S
anto
Dom
ingo
Can
yon
is sli
ghtly
inse
t int
o ol
der d
epos
its. I
s in
set b
elow
bas
alt o
f San
ta A
na M
esa
(Tb 2)
dat
ed a
t 2.4
1 ±0
.03
and
unde
rlies
low
er B
ande
lier
Tuff
(1.6
1 M
a) in
dica
ting
depo
sitio
n du
ring
a sh
ort p
erio
d of
the
late
Plio
cene
. Rem
ants
of a
sta
ge IV
cal
cic
soil
horiz
on a
re p
rese
nt a
t the
sur
face
in s
ome
plac
es. T
his
olde
r soi
l was
stri
pped
and
then
the
grav
el w
as la
rgel
y bu
ried
in e
olia
n sa
nd a
ndsil
t in
whi
ch a
new
soi
l has
form
ed w
ith a
sta
ge II
-sta
ge II
I cal
cic
horiz
on e
vide
nt in
var
ious
plac
es.
Vol
cani
c Ro
cks
Band
elie
r Tu
ff, O
tow
i Mem
ber
and
Gua
je P
umic
e (L
ower
Ple
isto
cene
) —
Silv
er g
ray
pum
ice-
lapi
lli fa
ll de
posit
(1.2
-1.8
m th
ick)
ove
rlain
by
as m
uch
as 1
5 m
of e
rosio
nally
trun
cate
d,w
hite
to p
ink
nonw
elde
d ig
nim
brite
con
tain
ing
pum
ice
bom
bs to
50
cm.
In th
e Sa
nto
Dom
ingo
Pueb
lo S
W q
uadr
angl
e, B
ande
lier T
uff r
ests
unco
nfor
mab
ly o
n gr
avel
of L
ooko
ut P
ark
(Tgl
p),
occu
pyin
g sh
allo
w c
hann
els i
ncise
d in
to th
e gr
avel
or r
estin
g on
a p
aleo
sol d
evel
oped
in e
olia
nsa
nd re
sting
on
the
grav
el.
Oliv
ine
basa
lt (P
lioce
ne),
San
to D
omin
go P
uebl
o Q
uadr
ang
le —
Oliv
ine
basa
lt w
ithin
Sier
ra L
adro
nes
Form
atio
n in
Peñ
a Bl
anca
– C
ochi
ti D
am a
rea.
Tw
o la
va fl
ows
are
pres
ent
alon
g th
e Sa
nta
Fe R
iver
dow
nstre
am fr
om C
ochi
ti D
am b
ut o
nly
the
low
er o
f the
se fl
ows
ispr
esen
t else
whe
re.
Thes
e la
vas
over
lie a
nd a
re s
epar
ated
by
hydr
omag
mat
ic tu
ff (u
nit T
bt) t
hat
is to
o th
in to
map
sep
arat
ely.
Pro
babl
e so
urce
of l
ava
flow
s w
as a
low
spa
tter c
one
or s
hiel
dco
ne th
at w
as lo
cate
d ne
ar th
e Sa
nta
Fe R
iver
but
was
des
troye
d an
d bu
ried
durin
g th
eco
nstru
ctio
n of
Coc
hiti
Dam
(Sm
ith, e
t al.,
199
7). S
ampl
e co
llect
ed a
bove
the
Sant
a Fe
Riv
erpr
ovid
ed a
40A
r/39
Ar d
ate
of 2
.71
±0.0
4 M
a (W
. McI
ntos
h, p
erso
nal c
omm
unic
atio
n, O
ctob
er19
96).
Tex
tura
lly s
imila
r ba
salt
was
reco
vere
d as
cut
tings
from
the
BIA
San
ta C
ruz
Sprin
gsw
ell (
cros
s-sec
tion
A-A
') bu
t the
se la
tter f
low
s w
ere
likel
y er
upte
d no
rthea
st of
the
quad
rang
lean
d ov
erlie
lava
flo
ws
date
d at
2.5
7 ±
0.0
3 to
2.6
7 ±
0.0
6 M
a (W
. McI
ntos
h, p
erso
nal
com
mun
icat
ion,
Oct
ober
199
7).
Oliv
ine
basa
lt (P
lioce
ne),
Sant
o D
omin
go P
uebl
o SW
Qua
dran
gle
— T
b /
Tbv
- O
livin
eba
salt
(Plio
cene
) —
Bas
altic
lava
flow
s (T
b) o
f th
e Sa
n Fe
lipe
volc
anic
fiel
d, f
orm
ing
the
top
of S
anta
Ana
Mes
a in
the
sout
hwes
t cor
ner
of t
he q
uadr
angl
e. V
ent -
pro
xim
al s
patte
ran
d sc
oria
(Tb
v) a
re p
rom
inen
t nea
r ve
nts,
whi
ch a
re m
arke
d by
ast
eris
ks.
Rela
tive
age
rela
tions
hips
of t
he th
ree
lava
flow
seq
uenc
es th
at w
ere
map
ped
are
ambi
guou
s on
the
basis
of re
conn
aiss
ance
fiel
d ob
serv
atio
ns.
Tb3
– P
oorly
exp
osed
bas
alt,
prob
ably
onl
y 1
flow
, with
spa
rse
oliv
ine
and
plag
iocl
ase
phen
ocry
sts to
3 m
m, e
rupt
ed fr
om v
ents
sout
h of
the
quad
rang
le.
Tb2
/ Tb
v 2–
A s
ingl
e, in
flate
d ba
salt
flow
, gen
eral
ly 4
-6 m
thic
k bu
t thi
cken
ing
tow
ard
sour
ce, e
rupt
ed fr
om th
e no
rther
nmos
t vol
cano
on
Sant
a A
na M
esa,
whi
ch is
mar
ked
bya
pyro
clas
tic c
one
of s
patte
r and
cin
der (
Tbv 2
). O
verli
es h
ydro
mag
mat
ic tu
ff (T
bt).
Lav
aflo
w o
verli
es a
nd is
inse
t aga
inst
old
er la
va o
f Tb 1
whe
re it
was
ero
ded
by th
e an
cest
ral
Rio
Gra
nde.
C
onsi
sts
of ~
20
-25
% id
ding
sitiz
ed o
livin
e ph
enoc
ryst
s (to
3.0
mm
) an
dgl
omer
phen
ocry
sts (t
o 5.
0 m
m) i
n a
coar
se g
rain
ed in
terg
ranu
lar g
roun
dmas
s of p
lagi
ocla
se,
clin
opyr
oxen
e an
d ox
ide
min
eral
s.
40A
r/3
9A
r pl
atea
u ag
e of
2.4
1 ±
0.0
3
Ma
(W.
McI
ntos
h, w
ritte
n co
mm
unic
atio
n, A
pril
1998
).
Tb1
/ Tb
v 1–
Sequ
ence
of 1
-4(?
) lav
a flo
ws,
mor
e th
an 1
5 m
thic
k, e
rupt
ed fr
om a
line
arch
ain
of lo
w s
hiel
d vo
lcan
oes
and
erod
ed c
inde
r con
es (T
bv1)
. Ero
ded
east
ern
mar
gin
isas
soci
ated
with
sca
ttere
d qu
artz
ite p
ebbl
es in
dica
ting
a fo
rmer
cou
rse
of th
e Ri
o G
rand
efo
llow
ing
the
erup
tion
of th
e la
va fl
ows.
Con
sists
of 1
0% o
livin
e ph
enoc
ryst
s (1
-3 m
m)
and
20
% p
lagi
ocla
se p
heno
crys
ts (
0.6
-1 m
m),
inc
ludi
ng o
livin
e+pl
agio
clas
egl
omer
phen
ocry
sts
to 5
.0 m
m a
cros
s, in
a f
ine
grai
ned
inte
rgra
nula
r gr
ound
mas
s of
plag
iocl
ase,
clin
opyr
oxen
e, a
nd o
xide
min
eral
s.
Dis
tingu
ishe
d fro
m T
bv2 b
y gr
eate
rab
unda
nce
of p
lagi
ocla
se a
nd lo
wer
abu
ndan
ce o
f ol
ivin
e, w
hich
are
als
o re
flect
edge
oche
mic
ally
by
high
er C
aO a
nd lo
wer
MgO
. 40
Ar/
39A
r pla
teau
age
of 2
.62
±0.
15M
a (W
. McI
ntos
h, w
ritte
n co
mm
unic
atio
n, Ju
ly 1
998)
.
Ba
salti
c tu
ff (
Plio
cene
)— B
edde
d, h
ydro
mag
mat
ic tu
ffs fo
rmin
g tu
ff rin
gs c
ente
red
belo
wC
ochi
ti D
am b
etw
een
the
Rio
Gra
nde
and
Cañ
ada
de C
ochi
ti (S
mith
, et a
l., 1
997)
. D
epos
itsdo
min
ated
by
ash
size
sider
omel
ane
teph
ra a
nd c
omm
inut
ed b
asin
-fill
sedi
men
t. C
last
s of
roun
ded
quar
tzite
, gra
nitic
rock
s, an
d vo
lcan
ic ro
cks d
eriv
ed fr
om u
nder
lyin
g Q
Tslg
are
com
mon
. A
ccre
tiona
ry la
pilli
are
spar
sely
pre
sent
. Sa
ndw
ave
cros
sbed
ding
is p
rom
inen
t in
mos
t out
crop
s,bu
t is
mos
t wel
l dev
elop
ed in
the
outc
rops
alo
ng C
añad
a de
Coc
hiti.
Thi
n, p
lana
r-bed
ded
tuff
expo
sed
east
of N
.M. H
ighw
ay 2
2, 1
.5 m
i. no
rthea
st of
San
to D
omin
go P
uebl
o is
thou
ght t
oco
rrel
ate
to tu
ff ex
pose
d in
Peñ
a Bl
anca
– C
ochi
ti D
am a
rea.
Haw
aiite
(Plio
cene
) — S
pars
ely
porp
hyrit
ic h
awai
ite la
va fl
ow m
appe
d al
ong
mar
gin
of th
eLa
Baj
ada
esca
rpm
ent b
y A
ubel
e (1
978)
. Te
xtur
ally
sim
ilar l
ava
flow
s w
ere
enco
unte
red
inth
e BI
A S
anta
Cru
z Sp
rings
wel
l at d
epth
s be
low
63
0' (
192
m).
Cut
tings
from
thes
e flo
ws
yiel
ded
ages
of 2
.57
±0
.03
to 2
.67
±0
.06
Ma
(W. M
cInt
osh,
per
sona
l com
mun
icat
ion,
Oct
ober
199
7).
Bea
rhea
d R
hyo
lite,
Per
alta
Tuf
f M
emb
er (
upp
er M
ioce
ne)
— S
pars
ely
porp
hyrit
ic(q
uartz
+sa
nidi
ne+
biot
ite)
rhyo
litic
tuff,
lapi
lli tu
ff an
d gr
avel
not
ably
ric
h in
gla
ssy
rhyo
lite.
Inte
rbed
ded
with
QTs
l in
NE
corn
er o
f qua
dran
gle
and
is pr
esen
t ben
eath
QTc
in th
e fo
otw
all
of th
e C
amad
a fa
ult a
t the
nor
ther
n ed
ge o
f the
qua
dran
gle;
app
roxi
mat
ely
50 m
of s
ectio
nex
pose
d.
Dat
ed tu
ff la
yers
with
in th
e qu
adra
ngle
ran
ge fr
om 6
.81
±0
.02
to 6
.88
±0
.01.
Know
n th
ickn
ess
exce
eds
500
m in
the
Can
ada
quad
rang
le, w
here
dat
es ra
nge
betw
een
~7.
0an
d 6.
75 M
a.
35°3
7'30
"10
6°30
'
35°3
0'10
6°30
'
35°3
7'30
"10
6°15
'
35°3
0'10
6°15
'
Sant
oD
omin
goPu
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16