geology notes package - Weiss World of Science · 2019. 9. 24. · 2. Convergent plate boundaries...
Transcript of geology notes package - Weiss World of Science · 2019. 9. 24. · 2. Convergent plate boundaries...
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Plate Interactions
1. Divergent (moves apart/spreads/extensional)
2. Convergent (moves together/collides/compressional)
3. Transform (moves in opposite directions, horizontal/sliding)
1. Divergent plate boundaries are areas where tectonic plates are spreading apart.
• Ocean ridges such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are examples of divergent plate
boundaries.
• Diverging plates at the East African Rift are slowly breaking Africa into pieces.
2. Convergent plate boundaries are areas where tectonic plates collide.
• A subduction zone is a zone representing a convergent plate boundary, where one
tectonic plate subducts beneath and is destroyed by the other overriding tectonic plate.
– Large earthquakes and volcanoes are found in subduction zones.
• A trench is a long narrow depression in the ocean floor that marks a convergent plate
boundary and is part of a subduction zone.
There are 3 types of Convergent Plate boundaries found in the world:
A. Oceanic-Continental Plate Convergence
• Oceanic plate subducts under the continental plate, forming a trench.
• Cone-shaped volcanoes can form from magma seeping to the surface.
A volcano is an opening in Earth’s surface that, when active, spews out gases, chunks
of rock, and melted rock.
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Local Significance The volcanic belt of the Pacific Northwest has formed as a result of the oceanic-continental
convergence between Juan de Fuca Plate (oceanic) and the North American Plate (continental).
Oceanic-Continental convergence
B. Oceanic-Oceanic Plate Convergence
• The cooler, denser plate subducts under the warmer, less dense plate
Real World
• This may produce a volcanic island arc, which is a long chain of volcanic islands, such
as those found in Japan, Indonesia, and Alaska’s Aleutian islands.
C. Continental-Continental Plate Convergence
• Since both plates are continental plates, their densities are similar.
• As they collide, their edges fold and crumple, forming Mountains.
Real World • The Himalayas are the world’s youngest
(and tallest) mountain range and are still
growing taller today.
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3. Transform plate boundaries are areas where tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other
• No mountains or volcanoes form, but earthquakes and faults may result.
A fault is a break or fracture in rock layers due to movement on either side.
Real World
• Transform plate boundaries are usually are found near ocean ridges but may also be
found on land, such as the San Andreas Fault in California.
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Name:_________________________
Pd:___Date:____________________
Quick Check# 4
1. List three kinds of plate interactions. ______________________________________________________________________________
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2. Identify the geographical features that are typical of (a) two oceanic plates converging
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(b) an oceanic plate and a continental plate converging
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(c) two continental plates converging
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(d) two continental plates diverging
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(e) two oceanic plates diverging
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3. What is the relative motion that occurs between two plates that meet at a transform
boundary? ______________________________________________________________________________
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Use the above diagram to answer question 4. (a) What type of plate boundary is shown at X in the diagram? ___________________________
(b) What type of tectonic plate is Plate 1? ________________ Plate 2? ____________________
(c) Under which location (R, S, T, or U) would you find the deepest focus earthquakes? Explain.
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(d) What type of volcano would you expect near location U? ____________________________