Geology IIGeology II

VocabularyVocabulary

ErosionErosion

• The wearing away of land, rock, or soil by gravity, water, ice, and wind.

TopsoilTopsoil

• The topmost layer of soil, composed primarily of organic matter.

SubsoilSubsoil

• The layer of soil beneath the topsoil.

Sedimentary RockSedimentary Rock

• Rock formed from sediments that are pressed together. (example- slate)

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic Rock

• Rock that has been changed due to pressure and heat. (example- marble)

Igneous RockIgneous Rock

• Rock that has been formed by molten magma or lava that has hardened.

(example- granite)

BedrockBedrock

• A solid rock mass that is unweathered (undisturbed by environmental conditions on Earth’s surface)

MountainMountain

• Uplifted section of the surface of Earth that is formed by the movement of two tectonic plates and by volcanism, folding, and faulting.

Fault-block MountainFault-block Mountain

• A mountain formed when Earth’s crust is pulled apart, resulting in blocks of crust dropping down or being tilted.

Folded MountainFolded Mountain

• A mountain that is formed where plates move into each other, causing layers of rock to move up and warp or fold.

Dome MountainDome Mountain

• A type of folded mountain that is shaped like an upside-down bowl (dome).