Geology and seabed resources in Disclaimer the … · Geology and seabed resources in the South...
Transcript of Geology and seabed resources in Disclaimer the … · Geology and seabed resources in the South...
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Geology and seabed resources in the South China Sea:
a Malaysian perspective Mazlan Madon
Petronas E&P Technology Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Member of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, Japan, 10th Jan 2013
International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, 10th Jan 2013
Disclaimer The views expressed in this document and in the
presentation are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf or PETRONAS
or any other parties.
2 30th Anniversary of the UNCLOS from the Perspective of CLCS, Tokyo, 11 July, 2012
International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, 10th Jan 2013
Geology and seabed resources of the South China Sea: a Malaysian perspective
• Geology and Geomorphology – Northern/Southern margins
– Tectonic Evolution
• Seabed resources activities: Malaysian perspective – Regional Offshore Marine Survey (1986-2010)
– Conventional hydrocarbons – from Shelf to Deepwater
– Unconventionals (e.g. methane hydrates)
ETOPO2v2 satellite derived bathymetry and onshore terrain. Bathymetry of the oceans reflect the nature of basement and crustal thinning
Yang, Wang & Liu, 2008
Base of Slope ~ 3000 m isobath met
res
GEOMORPHOLOGY (BATHYMETRY)
Moho Depth from Gravity Inversion Braitenberg et al. 2006
Continent-Ocean Boundary (COB)
Moho Depth from Huchon et al., 1998
Crustal thickness derived from Gravity Data
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Northern passive margin of the South China Sea
Xie et al., 2006 Model from Watts, 1989. Basin Res.
Deltaic/shelf progradation at passive margins
Three main controlling factors: • Sediment supply (load) • Isostatic response to loading • Subsidence rate
The shape of a typical continental shelf-slop profile at passive margins is determined by
Rifted margins of the South China Sea
Ding et al, 2011 Crustal profile from Ding et al, 2011
Crustal thickness variations in rifted margin of the South China Sea
Taylor and Hayes (1983)
Tectonic Model of the South China Sea
Ding et al, 2011
Crustal Model of the South China Sea across the Northwest Sub-basin
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Southern passive margin of the South China Sea
Geoseismic profile from Yan & LI, 2004
International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, 10th Jan 2013
Southern margin of the South China Sea: NW Sabah and Brunei
Grant, 2004
Gee et al, 2007
Yan & LI, 2004
COB
ocean floor
Southern margin of the South China Sea Dangerous Grounds observed descending beneath Palawan and Sabah
Hutchison, 2004 After Hinz et al, 1989
Hutchison, 2004
Yan & LI, 2004
COB
ocean floor
SARAWAK
SABAH
INDONESIA
BRUNEI
1992 1995
1997
1989 & 1994
1994
2003
LABUAN
1991
Regional Offshore Marine Survey (1986-2010)
1999
1993
1996 1998
1998 1998
2000 2001
2004
Materials from presentation by Dr Vijayan Rajan, Malaysian Dept of Minerals and Geoscience, at the UMT Workshop on Marine Geoscience, 20 Dec 2012, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.
Exploration drilling by the Petroleum Industry
oil/gas exploration well
DSDP/ODP site
Seabed Resources: Oil/Gas Exploration 5140 offshore wells @ 17 Dec 2012
Data source: IHS
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Oil/gas Exploration License/contracts as at 17 Dec 2012 Seabed Resources: Oil/Gas Exploration
Data source: IHS
SEDIMENTARY BASINS OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Seabed Resources: Oil/Gas Exploration
Est. recoverable North: 7.7 bboe South: 33 bboe East: 15 bboe
Data source: IHS
NW Borneo Wells 1910-2009: Water depths
114 wells in DW (>200m) 1st DW Well, Z1-1 by Brunei Shell, 1972, 411m 1st DW Well in Malaysia, Mulu-1, 1994, 1170m
Buntal-1 (2189m)
Mulu-1 (1170m)
Lepu-1 (2000m)
Bagang-1 (1738m)
Kamunsu-1 (1070m)
The ‘Push’ for Deepwater Oil
Data source: IHS
SARAWAK BASIN: CUMULATIVE RESERVES WITH TIME
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
- 62 - 63 - 64 - 65 - 66 - 67 - 68 - 69 - 70 - 71 - 72 - 73 - 74 - 75 - 76 - 77 - 78 - 79 - 80 - 81 - 82 - 83 - 84 - 85 - 86 - 87 - 88 - 89 - 90 - 91 - 92 - 93 - 94 - 95 - 96 - 97 - 98 - 99 - 00 - 01 - 02 - 03 - 04 - 05 - 06 - 07 - 08
Total Recoverable (MMboe) Cumulative (MMboe)
F13
F6
E8
M3
K5
E11
M1
F23
Patricia
J4
B11
Bayan
D35
Jintan
Serai
Cili Padi
Saderi
W Patricia
F38
Kanowit
PC4
Lull 1995-99
Carbonate play
Carbonate + Balingian play
Carbonate play
Lull 1975-78
Cu
mu
lati
ve R
eco
vera
ble
s M
MB
oe
Data source: IHS
Sem
aran
g
St J
ose
ph
Kin
abal
u
Keb
aban
gan
Kam
un
su E
Up
Kik
eh G
mu
sut
Kak
ap
Ub
ah
Mal
ikai
Sen
angi
n
Pisa
gan
1976
PSC
1985
PSC
1993
PSC
1997
PSC
Shell, Block G
Shell, Block J
Murphy, Block H
Murphy, Block K
Murphy, Block L&M
PCSB, ND4,5,6
Murphy, Block P
BHP, Block N&Q
Cu
mu
lati
ve R
eco
vera
ble
s M
MB
oe
NW SABAH BASIN, MALAYSIA Cumulative recoverable reserves with time
Erb West
Kinarut
Lull 1982-89
Deepwater play
Data source: IHS
BARAM DELTA PROVINCE (Sarawak, Brunei & Sabah) Cumulative Reserves with time
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
- 10 - 29 - 63 - 66 - 67 - 69 - 71 - 73 - 73 - 73 - 75 - 75 - 76 - 77 - 78 - 79 - 79 - 79 - 79 - 81 - 82 - 84 - 89 - 89 - 90 - 90 - 91 - 92 - 93 - 95 - 97 - 98 - 99 - 00 - 01 - 01 - 02 - 03 - 03 - 04 - 05 - 05 - 07
Total Recoverable (MM Boe)
Cumulative (MM Boe)
Seria
Miri
SW Ampa
Baram
Baronia
Fairley
Champion
Bokor
Samarang
Magpie
Kinabalu
Maharaja Lela
Helang
Kikeh Gumusut
Senangin
Pisagan
Baram Delta Rollover “Giants”
Deepwater Toe-Thrusts
Cu
mu
lati
ve R
eco
vera
ble
s M
MB
oe
Data source: IHS
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International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, 10th Jan 2013
Unconventional Hydrocarbons
• Methane (Gas) hydrates – Gas/methane ‘trapped’ in ice/water molecule
lattice at low temperatures
– 98% occurrences are in 300-3000m (outer shelf and slope), 2% in continental permafrost
– Global estimate (Johnson, 2011) – 43,000 TCF
– Energy of the future (?)
International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, 10th Jan 2013
Sabah/Brunei margin: Gas hydrates
• Initial reports by BGR (late 1980s) but hardly any detailed study done; some description published (Gee et al., 2007)
• Hydrate occurrences associated with the deepwater fold-thrust anticlines offshore NW Sabah and Brunei, indicated by Bottom-Simulating Reflectors (BSR), in post-Miocene sediments 250-300 m beneath sea floor, in water depths 1100-2800 m.
• Future work needed: Volumetric Assessment and Exploitation technology
Deepwater Brunei (Gee et al., 2007)
Terrestrial organic matter
Sediment supply
Oil & Gas Potential
Gas Hydrates
Deep-sea minerals
sedimentary basin
ocean continent
CONTINENTAL MARGINS AND SEABED RESOURCES
International Seminar on the Extended Continental Shelf and Seafloor Resources, Tokyo, 10th Jan 2013
Concluding remarks
• Geology, margin type, and seabed geomorphology closely related to crustal thickness (rifting history)
• Sediment thickness controlled by nature of basement and/or crustal thickness (therefore, margin type)
• Seabed resources: type (hydrocarbons or metallic minerals) and potential/risks depend on these inter-related factors (geology)
• Seabed resource activities for Malaysia: mainly oil/gas exploration on shelf/slope; nearshore sand and mineral exploration
Thank you