Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.
-
Upload
bridget-harrell -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.
![Page 1: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Geology 360 - Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust FaultsIntroduction to Thrust Faults
UpUp
DownDown
![Page 2: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Thrust faultsThrust faults
• Terminology
• Calculating stretch and shortening
• Throw, heave, and slip
• Stratigraphy and thrust faults
![Page 3: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Thrust FaultThrust Fault
![Page 4: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Thrust Fault TerminologyThrust Fault Terminology
Original layer cake templateOriginal layer cake template
![Page 5: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Thrust Fault TerminologyThrust Fault Terminology
Transport DirectionTransport Direction
ForelandForeland HinterlandHinterland
Fault achieves trajectory rapidlyFault achieves trajectory rapidly
![Page 6: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fault Bend Fold MovieFault Bend Fold Movie
![Page 7: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Thrust Fault TerminologyThrust Fault Terminology
![Page 8: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Calculating Shortening for Thrust Calculating Shortening for Thrust
FaultsFaults
lo lf
50 km 40 km
Shortening =Shortening = llo o
llf f - l- loo * 100%* 100%
If Stretch [S] = lIf Stretch [S] = lff/l/loo, then , then shortening =shortening = llo o
llff -1 * 100%-1 * 100% ( )
![Page 9: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Calculating Shortening for Thrust Calculating Shortening for Thrust
FaultsFaults
lo lf
50 km 40 km
Shortening =Shortening = llo o
llf f - l- loo * 100% = * 100% = 40 - 5040 - 50
5050* 100% = -20%* 100% = -20%
![Page 10: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A Caution Regarding ShorteningA Caution Regarding Shortening
Choosing a minimum lChoosing a minimum loo value yields maximum shortening value yields maximum shortening
lo lf
50 km 40 km
Shortening =Shortening = llo o
llf f - l- loo * 100% = * 100% = 40 - 5040 - 50
5050* 100%= -20%* 100%= -20%
![Page 11: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Shortening CalculationShortening Calculation
lo lf
40 km 30 km
Shortening =Shortening = llo o
llf f - l- loo * 100% = * 100% = 30 - 4030 - 40
4040* 100% = -25%* 100% = -25%
Thus “shortening” is relative to the baseline you pickThus “shortening” is relative to the baseline you pick
![Page 12: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Throw, Heave, and SlipThrow, Heave, and Slip
Throw
Heave
Slip
(Throw)(Throw)22 + (Heave) + (Heave)22 = (Slip) = (Slip)22
SinSin = (Throw/Slip) = (Throw/Slip)
CosCos = (Heave/Slip) = (Heave/Slip)
![Page 13: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Increasing Stratigraphic ThicknessIncreasing Stratigraphic Thickness
![Page 14: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Evidence for Thrust Faulting in
BoreholesBoreholes
![Page 15: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Evidence for Thrust Faulting in
BoreholesBoreholes
![Page 16: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Evidence for Thrust Faulting in Evidence for Thrust Faulting in
BoreholesBoreholes
![Page 17: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Geology 360 - Introduction to Thrust Faults Up Down.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d30f6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ReferencesReferences
Slides 3-9
http://earth.leeds.ac.uk/faults/thrust/rampflat/index.htm
Slides 10-14
Twiss, R. J. and E. M. Moores, Structural Geology, W. H. Freeman & Co., New York, 532 p., 1992.