Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin

Geological Evolution of the

Mediterranean Basin Raimondo Selli Commemorative Volume

Edited by Daniel Jean Stanley Forese-Carlo Wezel

With 287 Figures

Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo

Daniel Jean Stanley Division of Sedimentology Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. 20560, USA

Forese-Carlo Wezel Istituto di Geologia Universita degli Studi 61029 Urbino, Italy

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Geological evolution of the Mediterranean Basin.

"Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli, compiled by G. B. Vai": p.

Includes index. 1. Geology-Mediterranean Region-Addresses, essays,

lectures. 2. Selli, Raimondo-Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Selli, Raimondo. II. Stanley, Daniel Jean III. Wezel, Forese-Carlo. QE350.22.M42G45 1985 550' .9182'2 85-2872

© 1985 by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1985

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.

Typeset by Bi-Comp, Incorporated, York, Pennsylvania.

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-8574-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8572-1

e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-8572-1

Preface

The Mediterranean Sea, nestled between Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East, may be envisioned as a complex picture-puzzle comprising numerous intricate pieces, many of which are already in place. A general image, in terms of science, has emerged, although at this time large gaps are noted and some areas of the picture remain fuzzy and indistinct. In recent years this fascinating, mind-teasing puzzle image has become clearer with individual pieces more easily recognized and rapidly emplaced, largely by means of multidisciplinary and multinational team efforts. In this respect, the Special Program Panel on Marine Sciences of the NATO Scientific Af­fairs Division considered the merits of initiating four conferences bearing on the Mediterranean ecosystem. It was suggested that the first, emphasizing geology, should dovetail with subsequent seminars on physical oceanogra­phy, marine biology, and ecology and man's influence on the natural Medi­terranean regime.

At a conference held in Banyuls-sur-Mer, France, in August 1979, Profes­sor Raimondo Selli was urged by some panel members to initiate an Ad­vanced Research Institute (ARI) that would focus primarily on the geologi­cally recent evolution of the Mediterranean Sea and serve as a logical base for future NATO conferences on the Mediterranean. Further encourage­ment to prepare such a function was given by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, and in late Fall of that year, Professors Selli and Daniel Jean Stanley were selected as Co-Directors of the ARL They, in turn, selected an ad hoc Advisory Group consisting of A. Azzaroli, B. Battaglia, L. Montadert, and C. Morelli and met with these specialists in late April 1980 at the Geological Institute of the University of Bologna. It was here that the principal objec­tives of the future conference were determined, i.e., a series of multidiscipli­nary debates to be presented in seminar fashion on the evolution of the Mediterranean, with most attention paid to Neogene to Recent geological and geophysical aspects of this complex region. Each invited contribution was to be a synoptic review and state-of-the-art analysis of specific marine geological problems.

It was agreed in Bologna, and at a subsequent meeting of the Co-Directors and Advisory Group at the 27th C.LE.S.M. Congress in Cagliari, Sardinia, that the program should include a region-by-region survey of the submarine realm with a tie, where possible, to the adjoining land area. A final precon­ference meeting was held at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., on 5-8 April 1981 where Selli and Stanley prepared the definitive

vi

conference program. Sicily was selected as the conference site in view of its ideal geological location in the central Mediterranean and its pertinence to the ARI theme. The Co-Directors deemed it important that, in addition to a four-day round-table seminar, the program should include a three-day field excursion in western and central Sicily enabling the participants to discuss at the outcrop some critical aspects of recent Mediterranean geology-includ­ing neotectonics and evaporite deposition. The most unfortunate stroke that disabled Professor Selli in late January 1982 resulted in a delay of the ARI until 19-27 November 1982. A colleague of Selli's, F.-C. Wezel, was asked by D.J. Stanley to assist in the preparation and logistics of the conference and excursion in Sicily. His designation as Co-Director was officially an­nounced at the conference held in the "Ettore Majorana" Center for Scien­tific Culture at Erice-Trapani.

It is fitting that this volume be dedicated to Raimondo Selli, who not only helped set the wheels in motion for the Erice conference, but who for so many years had played a leading role in interpreting deposits in the Alps and Apennines, and realized the possibility of correlating these with offshore, presently submerged, sections, primarily in the Tyrrhenian. His absence was deeply felt at Erice, and we most sincerely regret his death on 3 October 1983. The editors and authors, together, have prepared this published effort, which summarizes most of the topics and ensuing discussions presented at Erice, as a token of our esteem and as a remembrance in his honor.

Centuries from now, historians of science will surely record the near­sudden burst of interest on the geology of the Mediterranean from the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s that accompanied the naval ASW surveys, two Deep Sea Drilling Project legs, and accelerated petroleum exploration using considerably improved deep-penetration and high-resolution seismic sys­tems. We have progressed to a point that would have pleased Jacques Bour­cart who, 30 years ago, lamented "Malheureusement, cette mer est encore tres mal connue. II faut que de main nous lui consacrions l'essentiel de nos forces" (1954, Le Fond des Oceans). Subsequent to the impetus of geophysi­cal exploration of the 1960s and of the first Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 13 in 1970, a number of international symposia have been held and a series of books published that focus on different geological aspects, both on the Medi­terranean proper and adjacent emerged regions. In spite of the seemingly firm views on Mediterranean evolution promoted and strongly defended by some workers, it is our feeling that at present there are more hypotheses than convincing or definitive answers. With this in mind, it was our intent that the ARI serve as an international platform for an open exchange of information and presentation of concepts, and the 30 invited participants from ten countries were asked to provide a broad-front multidisciplinary approach to better assess recent geological events and the interrelation be­tween terrestrial and contiguous marine settings.

This volume, an outgrowth of the conference, examines the effects of tectonic, climatic, and oceanographic changes with time by use of distinct, yet complementary, methods in view of updating-and in some cases, rein­terpreting-the paleogeographic, paleoclimatic, and paleoecologic evolu­tion of the Mediterranean. These methods, which help refine knowledge of the crust and its sedimentary cover, include geophysics, structural geology, volcanology, bio- and isotope stratigraphy, and sedimentology. The name Mediterranean Basin is applied here to the two closely genetically related entities: the submerged realm and circum-Mediterranean terrains. The time-

Preface

Preface VII

frame emphasized, Neogene to Recent time, encompasses a period of dra­matic change for the post-Tethys Ocean, one which most workers recognize as having been very active and still evolving at present. The Mediterranean Sea is indeed an appropriate setting to examine the interplay of deep crustal and more surficial structural, morphological, paleoceanographic, and paleo­climatic changes, the results of which are well recorded by the nature and configuration of the basement and overlying stratigraphic sections. It is not surprising that this rapid evolution would be indicated by fauna, flora, and sediments in view of how easily changes, even minor, would likely affect physical and chemical systems in a quasi-closed setting. Modifications of tectonic style and intensity of activity, including extensive movement­vertical and lateral-of land masses relative to the sea, the nonrandom spatial and temporal distribution of volcanic emanations, and marked changes in climatic factors inducing paleoceanographic oscillations and that of evaporation to precipitation regimes are of special note. These would necessarily have affected the nature and distribution of sediment types (ter­rigenous, biogenic, evaporites) and associated biota forming marine deposits presently exposed on land and mapped on the seafloor and in the subbottom.

The book comprises four parts, taking into account the diverse method­ologies used as well as distinct attributes of this rapidly evolving region. The chapters take into account many of the major questions raised during the seminar and discussion sessions at Erice. Part I emphasizes the physiogra­phy and geotectonic framework of the Mediterranean. How closely, for example, do the Mediterranean geomorphic provinces correlate with the underlying structural framework and, in particular, stable margins, conver­gent regions, and rifted sectors (Vanney and Gennesseaux)? Does satellite imagery reveal structures on the circum-Mediterranean landmass that sus­tain hypotheses favoring crustal foundering or extensive horizontal motion, or both, in the Paleogene and Neogene (Foose)? Can seismicity and focal mechanism of earthquakes define the boundary between the African and Eurasian plates, and to what extent are tectonic features indicative of pres­ently active compression versus horizontal tension (Udfas)? What is the nature of the crust underlying the different parts of the Mediterranean, and can geophysical data reveal the nature ofthe basement (including oceanic) as one extends from land to deep basins (Morelli)? In fact, how important is vertical motion, and can aeromagnetic, heat-flow, and deep-seismic profile systems provide information on the crust-to-mantle transition (Morelli)? Is it possible to calculate the amount of relative motion of stable Africa relative to stable Europe, and vice versa, through time, and what changes of oceanic area have occurred in the Mediterranean region since the Atlantic began to open (Livermore and Smith)?

Part II constitutes a region-by-region synthesis of the Mediterranean as presently constituted, proceeding from west to east. When, for example, did oceanic accretion occur in the Western Basin, and can the main spreading of axes in this region be defined by using paleomagnetic data, recognition of subbottom structure, and heat-flow measurements (Rehault, Boillot, and Mauffret)? To what extent is the Tyrrhenian related to collision between the Western Mediterranean and Adria microplates in the Central Mediterra­nean, and can a process of oceanization by mantle diapirism and isostatic foundering be recognized in this area (Selli)? What, then, is the areal distri­bution of the oceanic basement in the Tyrrhenian Basin, how important is vertical motion, and can the latter be activated by localized flowage in the

viii

plastic mantle (Wezel)? Some seafloor sectors of the Mediterranean are significantly influenced by eustatism and sediment accretion. What informa­tion can be obtained in this respect from deep cores and high-resolution· seismic systems? For example, can the sediment sour;ces from the Apen­nines, Yugoslavian reliefs, and Po be identified in the Adriatic Sea, and to what extent have sea-level oscillations modified the Plio-Quaternary progra­dational trends (Dondi, Rizzini, and Rossi)? On what basis can the exten­sional tectonic phases be recognized in the Pelagian and Ionian seas, and how is paleoceanic crust recognized in this part of the Mediterranean (Finetti)? With respect to the Aegean and Hellenide areas, has its evolution been controlled mainly by relative movement between Europe and Africa, or is the present-day tectonic configuration largely a result of vertical move­ment (Makris)? In the case of the latter, is it reasonable to envoke litho­thermal systems that rise from the upper mantle? In the eastern Levantine Basin and the Levant region, what are the underlying mechanisms for the development of physiography and structure, and is there evidence in this region for a relict Tethys Ocean (Neev, Greenfield, and Hall)? Genetically, what relation exists between the now-separated Eastern and Western Medi­terranean basins?

More specific aspects pertaining to volcanism, tectonics, and sedimenta­tion of Messinian to Recent age are treated in Part III of the volume. How has the configuration of the Mediterranean changed since the Miocene? Can, for example, geochemical and isotopic analyses of Neogene and Quaternary volcanic sequences in areas such as the Tyrrhenian shed light on the rela­tionship between convergent plate tectonics and mantle degasing and verti~ cal motion (Locardi)? What evidence is there in the Ionian area for vertical neotectonics, and is it rational to invoke large-scale foundering of basins and elevation of terraces on land in the Pliocene and Quaternary (Fabricius, Braune, and others)? How important and of what style were such tectonic events in the Miocene and earlier time in areas such as the Aegean and Ionian (Meulenkamp)? Returning to the persistent and perplexing problem of the upper Miocene evaporites and "salinity crisis," which of the models previously exposed really best explains the genesis of the Messinian salt sequences (Sonnenfeld)? Need we be restricted to the presently popular basin-wide desiccation model or are there other, more viable, explanations (Selli)? What about the possibility ofa steady inflow/outflow regime across a severely restricted strait and precipitation induced by climatic fluctuations (Sonnenfeld and Finetti)? In those Mediterranean areas dominated by fluvial input-such as seaward of the Rhone, Ebro, Po, and Nile deltas-can we identify the interplay between transport process and eustatic oscillation as recorded by the deposits forming the shelves and upper slopes (Got, Aloisi, and Monaco)? In deeper environments such as lower slopes, fans, and basin plains, what is the origin of mud that is the main sediment type forming Plio­Quaternary sequences? In the case of silt and clay deposits, are we able to distinguish between the roles of gravity transport and hemipelagic settling from suspension (Stanley)?

Analysis of tectonics and sedimentation is not sufficient to interpret Medi­terranean history. A focus on paleoclimatology and paleoceanography, the theme of Part IV, is needed if we are to understand its recent evolution. A most valuable tool in this respect is isotope analysis of the sediment and fossil record. Can this technique elucidate the nature of ocean evolution from the time of closure of the Tethys to the development of the present

Preface

Preface ix

Mediterranean (Vergnaud-Grazzini)? How reliable is this technique for use in regional stratigraphic correlation of the Cenozoic record? Does diversifi­cation of foraminiferal assemblages with time record changes in the configu­ration of the basins as well as of temperature, salinity, water-mass move­ment, and nutrient and oxygen supply (Bizon)? Do the nannoplankton evolve, in terms of time, in parallel fashion with the foraminifera, and are they as (or more) sensitive in defining paleoecological differences between the Eastern and Western Mediterranean (MOller)? What information can the radiolaria provide as to temperature trends, depth considerations, and pro­ductivity changes with time (Riedel, Westberg-Smith, and Budai)? Does the paleoclimatologic evolution as recorded by pollen on land correspond with and supplement the faunal and floral record offshore (Bertolani-Marchetti)? Why was the Miocene to Pliocene transition so sharply recorded by both micro- and macro-fauna? Where would one find-if at all-in the present Mediterranean ecological niches with conditions comparable to those that sustained Messinian species (Por and Dimentman)? Is the possibility of land­bridge connections in the Miocene sustained by study of the land mammal distribution and, in that respect, what do such faunas show that would bear on Messinian paleogeographic reconstructions (Steininger, Rabeder, and Rogl)?

In the Appendix a final chapter summarizes the highlights of the geological excursion in central and western Sicily led by Professor G. Ruggieri with the collaboration of F.-C. Wezel. Particular attention was paid to piercement structures, extensive strike-slip faulting, and nappes, all recording marked changes in the Neogene to the Quaternary. Visits were also made to critical outcrop localities that provide clues to understanding the Messinian "salin­ity crisis" and the role of eustatic and neotectonic oscillations affecting this critical sector in the Central Mediterranean. The excursion enabled the ARI participants to debate topics that bear directly on the recent geological evo­lll;tion of the Mediterranean and that warrant careful correlation with off­shore sectors.

Our thanks are expressed to the many persons and organizations who helped us with the ARI conference and subsequent preparation of the book. Foremost, the NATO Scientific Affairs Division is thanked for the grant enabling us to conduct the Advanced Research Institute at Erice and the associate excursion in Sicily. Funding for a large part of the costs relative to editing were provided by the Smithsonian Institution in the form of Scholarly Studies grants 1233S-405 and -502 awarded to one of us (DJS) through the Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Project. The Director and staff of the' 'Et­tore Majorana" Centre for Scientific Culture at Erice are acknowledged for insuring excellent and efficient logistical support during the conference. The effective help there of Drs. Elvio Moretti and Riccardo Vannucci of the University of Urbino is noted. Mr. Myles Weber and Ms. Maureen Cannell in Washington, and Drs. Elvio Moretti and Mario Tramontana in Urbino assisted actively with many of the tedious editorial duties. Editors and au­thors thank the many outside reviewers for their constructive critique and suggestions that improved the 26 chapters. We also acknowledge the coop­eration of our publisher, Springer-Verlag New York, for efficient coordina­tion through all stages of processing the book. And finally, very special thanks are expressed to Dr. Peter Sonnenfeld who, in addition to writing two chapters, generously gave of his time to prepare the index that should en­hance the use of this volume as a reference text. We add that the untimely

x

death in 1984 of Etienne Winnock, one of the invited participants who played such an active role in Erice, saddens us. His input on the geology of the Pelagian Sea and Sicilian-Tunisian sector and his active participation in the discussions were most enlightening.

The book is by no means a final statement on the geology of the Mediterra­nean Basin, and it would be pretentious indeed to suggest that it is but one more step in the highlighting of problems relative to an extremely complex region. In a number of areas this work elucidates concepts that are counter to some presently more "popular" theories. An astute reader may surmise from a reading of the text that there are sufficiently numerous controversial interpretations and unresolved aspects of Mediterranean geology and geophysics to attract the energies of many earth scientists for years to come. If our joint effort prompts further, more careful work at sea and on land with regard to the evolution of this remarkable and fascinating region, we then will have been successful in achieving one of our major original goals.

Daniel Jean Stanley Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Forese-Carlo Wezel Universita delgi Studi Urbino, Italy

Preface

Contents

Contributors xv

Raimondo Selli-A Life for Geology xix

Bibliography of Raimondo Selli xxi

Part I Physiographic and Geotectonic Framework 1 Mediterranean Seafloor Features: Overview and Assessment

lean-Rene Vanney and Maurice Gennesseaux 3

2 Geological Information from Satellite Surveys of the Mediterranean Region Richard M. Foose 33

3 Seismicity of the Mediterranean Basin Agustin Udias 55

4 Geophysical Contribution to Knowledge of the Mediterranean Crust Carlo Morelli 65

5 Some Boundary Conditions for the Evolution of the Mediterranean Region Roy A. Livermore and Alan G. Smith 83

Part II Region-by-Region Synthesis 6 The Western Mediterranean Basin

lean-Pierre Rehault, Gilbert Boil/ot, and Alain Mauffret 101

7 Tectonic Evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea Raimondo Selli 131

8 Structural Features and Basin Tectonics of the Tyrrhenian Sea Forese-Carlo Wezel 153

9 Recent Geological Evolution of the Adriatic Sea Luciano Dondi, Antonio Rizzini, and Pietro Rossi 195

xii

10 Structure and Evolution of the Central Mediterranean (Pelagian and Ionian Seas) [cilio Finetti

11 Geophysics and Geodynamic Implications for the Evolution of the Hellenides Jannis Makris

12 Slice Tectonics in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin David Neev, Leslie Greenfield, and John K. Hall

Part III Messinian to Recent Volcanism, Tectonics, and Sedimentation

13 Neogene and Quaternary Mediterranean Volcanism: The Tyrrhenian Example Enzo Locardi

14 Plio-Quaternary Sedimentation and Tectonics in the Ionian Area: Clues to the Recent Evolution of the Mediterranean Frank H. Fabricius, Karl Braune, Gabriele Funk, Werner Hieke, and Joachim Schmolin

15 Aspects of the Late Cenozoic Evolution of the Aegean Region Johan E. Meulenkamp

16 Models' of Upper Miocene Evaporite Genesis in the Mediterranean Region Peter Sonnenfeld

17 Messinian Evaporites in the Mediterranean: A Model of Continuous Inflow and Outflow Peter Sonnenfeld and [cilio Finetti

18 Sedimentary Processes in Mediterranean Deltas and Shelves Henri Got, Jean-Claude Aloisi, and Andre Monaco

19 Mud Redepositional Processes as a Major Influence on Mediterranean Margin-Basin Sedimentation Daniel Jean Stanley

Part IV Paleoclimatology and Paleoceanography 20 Mediterranean Late Cenozoic Stable Isotope Record:

Stratigraphic and Paleoclimatic Implications Colette Vergnaud-Grazzini

21 Mediterranean Foraminiferal Changes as Related to Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology Germaine Bizon

Contents

215

231

249

273

293

307

323

347

355

377

413

453

Contents xiii

22 Late Miocene to Recent Mediterranean Biostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments Based on Calcareous Nannoplankton Carla Muller 471

23 Late Neogene Radiolaria and Mediterranean Paleoenvironments William R. Riedel, M. Jean Westberg-Smith, and Alexis Budai 487

24 Pollen Paleoclimatology in the Mediterranean since Messinian Time Daria Bertolani-Marchetti 525

25 Continuity of Messinian Biota in the Mediterranean Basin Francis Dov Por and Chanan Dimentman 545

26 Land Mammal Distribution in the Mediterranean Neogene: A Consequence of Geokinematic and Climatic Events Fritz F. Steininger, Gernot Rabeder, and Fred Ragl 559

Appendix Nato-Ari Field Excursion-A Short Trip Across the Geology of Sicily Giuliano Ruggieri 573

Index 581

Contributors

lean-Claude Aloisi, Laboratoire de Sedimentologie et Geochimie Marines, Universite de Perpignan, 66025 Perpignan, France.

Daria Bertolani-Marchetti, Istituto e Orto Botanico, Universita di Modena, 41100 Modena, Italy.

Germaine Bizon, BEICIP, Institut Fran<;ais du Petrole, 92500 Rueil-Malmai­son, France.

Gilbert Boillot, Laboratoire de Geodynamique Sous-Marine, BP48, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

Karl Braune, Geological Institute, Division of Sedimentology and Marine Geology, Technical University Munich, D-8064 Garchung, Federal Republic of Germany.

Alexis Budai, Geological Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanog­raphy, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Chanan Dimentman, Department of Zoology, Hebrew University of Jerusa­lem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.

Luciano Dondi, Paleontological Department, Nuovi Laboratori AGIP, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.

Frank H. Fabricius, Geological Institute, Division of Sedimentology and Marine Geology, Technical University Munich, D-8064 Garchung, Federal Republic of Germany.

[ciUo Finetti, Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica, Universita di Trieste, 34100 Trieste, Italy.

Richard M. Foose, Department of Geology, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA.

Gabriele Funk, Geological Institute, Division of Sedimentology and Marine Geology, Technical University Munich, D-8064 Garchung, Federal Republic of Germany.

xvi

Maurice Gennesseaux, Department de Geologie Dynamique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 75230 Paris, France.

Henri Got, Laboratoire de Sedimentologie et Geochimie Marines, Univer­site de Perpignan, 66025 Perpignan, France.

Leslie Greenfield, 27, Keren Hayesod Street, 47248 Ramat Hasharon, Israel.

John K. Hall, Geological Survey of Israel, Marine Geology, Mapping, and Tectonics Division, 95501 Jerusalem, Israel.

Werner Hieke, Geological Institute, Division of Sedimentology and Marine Geology, Technical University Munich, D-8064 Garchung, Federal Republic of Germany.

Roy A. Livermore, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England.

Enzo Locardi, ENEA, C.R.E. Casaccia, S. Maria di Galeria, 00060, Rome, Italy.

Jannis Makris, Institute of Geophysics, University of Hamburg, 2000 Ham­burg 13, Federal Republic of Germany.

Alain Mauffret, Laboratoire de Geodynamique Sous-Marine, BP48, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

Johan E. Meulenkamp, Department of Stratigraphy and Micropaleontology, State University of Utrecht, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Andre Monaco, Laboratoire de Sedimentologie et Geochimie Marines, Un­iversite de Perpignan, 66025 Perpignan, France.

Carlo Morelli, Istituto di Miniere e Geofisica Applicata, Universita di Tri­este, 34123 Trieste, Italy.

Carla Muller, Geologisch-PaHiontologisches, Institut der UniversiHit, 6000 Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany.

David Neev, Geological Survey of Israel, Marine Geology, Mapping, and Tectonics Division, 95501 Jerusalem, Israel.

Francis Dov Por, Department of Zoology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.

Gernot Rabeder, Institute of Paleontology, University of Vienna, 10tO Vi­enna, Austria.

Jean-Pierre Rehault, Laboratoire de Geodynamique Sous-Marine, BP48, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

William R. Riedel, Geological Research Division, Scripps Institution of

Contributors

Contributors xvii

Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Antonio Rizzini, Sedimentological Department, Nuovi Laboratori AGIP, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.

Fred Ragl, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Natural History Mu­seum Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.

Pietro Rossi, Geological Planning Department, AGIP, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy.

Giuliano Ruggieri, Istituto di Geologia, Universita degli Studi, 90134 Pa­lermo, Italy.

Joachim Schmolin, Geological Institute, Division of Sedimentology and Marine Geology, Technical University Munich, D-8064 Garchung, Federal Republic of Germany.

Raimondo SeW (deceased), Istituto di Geologiae Paleontologia, Universita degli Studi, 40127, Bologna, Italy.

Alan G. Smith, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England.

Peter Sonnenfeld, Department of Geology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.

Daniel Jean Stanley, Division of Sedimentology, National Museum of Natu­ral History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.

Fritz F. Steininger, Institute of Paleontology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.

Agustin Udfas, Catedra de Geoffsica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Gian Battista Vai, Istituto di Geologia e Paleontologia, Universita degli Studi, 40127 Bologna, Italy.

Jean-Rene Vanney, Department de Geologie Dynamique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 75230 Paris, France.

Colette Vergnaud-Grazzini, Departement de Geologie Dynamique, Univer­site Pierre et Marie Curie, 75230 Paris, France.

M. Jean Westberg-Smith, Geological Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Forese-Carlo Wezel, Istituto di Geologia, Universita degli Studi, 61029 Ur­bino, Italy.

Raimondo Selli-A Life for Geology

Bologna, Italy 30 September 1916-3 October 1983

Raimondo Selli, distinguished Professor of Geology at the University of Bologna and of international renown, was released from a cruelly unmerited suffering as a result of a stroke on 3 October 1983 at the age of 67. Except for one year at the University of Palermo he occupied the Chair of Geology at Bologna for 29 years, from 1954 until his untimely death. For many years he was the Director and tireless cornerstone of both the scientific and adminis­trative spheres at the Institute of Geology in Bologna, contributing signifi­cantly to its growth and international stature, the result of his natural capac­ity for solid research and sheer hard work.

In 1968 he succeeded in organizing in Italy the first team capable of devel­oping research in marine geology. Thus, the C.N.R. Laboratory of Marine Geology, which Professor Selli directed from 1968 until 1976, blossomed at Bologna. Later, he succeeded in launching the first C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, which he directed during its initial phase.

In addition to editing the journals Giornale di Geologia and GroUe d'Ita­lia, he was the author of nearly 145 scientific papers and maps, many of them significant, which focus on various fields of the Earth Sciences. The breadth is remarkable: the geology and tectonics of the Alpine and Apennine chains; the geology and tectonics ofthe Italian seas; Neogene and Quaternary strati­graphy, including evaporite deposition; the geology of mineral resources; seismic hazards; and problems of subsidence and vertical tectonics. Science was more than simply a career for him-it was a total and consuming pas­sion. In more than 40 dedicated years of inspired research, the consistent high level of his output is truly astonishing, and even more so when we consider the mUltiplicity of themes, always handled with thoroughness, equilibrium, and clarity insofar as predicting future developments. It is to be regretted that many highly relevant, scientific contributions were written in Italian and thus lost the international acclaim they deserved. Even so, this work established Raimondo Selli among the leaders of the European masters of his generation. His thorough, modern syntheses of southern Alpine, southern Apennine, and Tyrrhenian Sea geology are indeed milestones and essential points of reference for much future research.

Raimondo Selli received many honors and distinctions. He was Corre­sponding Member of the Accademia N azionale dei Lincei and of other acad­emies (Bologna, Turin, and Bordeaux), and the University of Bordeaux conferred on him an honorary doctorate in Natural Sciences. He was Presi­dent of the Italian Geological Society (1962-1963), President of the Interna-

xx Raimondo Sell i-A Life for Geology

tional sub-Commission on the Neogene and of the Committee on Mediterra­nean Neogene, and Vice-President of the C.I.E.S.M. He was also a member of numerous other international committees and Italy's representative at the United Nations on the Commission for the peaceful use of the seafloor. In addition to all of the above he found time to serve as visiting Professor and guest lecturer at European and North American universities, including Bor­deaux, Aahrus, Miami, San Diego, Berkeley, Princeton, and Halifax.

To keep the image and work of this man well before us and in our memory the words of another master come to mind. "If you seek my monument, look around you." For those of us fortunate enough to have known him person­ally we can remember clearly the moral values of his teaching of life, his thirst for knowledge, his energy and capacity, and a true human dignity.

With warm affection and appreciation of his remarkable service to geology on land and at sea, we the editors and contributors-friends and col­leagues-dedicate this volume to Raimondo Selli.

Forese-Carlo Wezel

Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli

Compiled by Gian Battista Vai

1938 Selli, R. Faune dell'Anisico inferiore della Vallarsa (Trentino). G. Geol., 12:1-86.

1940 Selli, R. Sulla struttura della "Cristellaria" serpens Seguenza. G. Geol., 14:83-91.

1942 Selli, R. Ciottoli con Foraminiferi paleogenici nel subappennino em i­liano. G. Geol., 15:31-43. Selli, R. Rilevamenti geologici nell'alto Bacino dell'Isonzo. La Conca di Versenico e la zona di Nascali a oriente di Plezzo (Gorizia). Atti R. 1st. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, 101:649-666.

1944 Selli, R. I caratteri e Ie affinita delle malacofaune quaternarie del M. Rosso. G. Geol., 17:5-22. Selli, R. Una microfauna eocenica inclusa nelle argille scagliose del Passo dell'Abbadessa (Ozzano-Bologna). G. Geol., 17:33-91.

1946 Selli, R. II primo giacimento italiano di glauconite utilizzabile come materiale naturale a scambio di base. G. Geol., 18:33-51. Selli, R. La stratigrafia di un pozzo profondo perforato presso Pontela­goscuro (Ferrara). G. Geol., 18:53-72. Selli, R. Appunti geologici sui gruppo del M. Avanza (Carnia occiden­tale). G. Geol., 18:73-87.

1947 Selli, R. Sopra alcune Dimorphinae. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. e Museo Civ. Storia Nat., 86:127-134. Selli, R. La struttura della Glandulina glans d'Orb. e la posizione siste­matica del genere. Riv. It. Pal., 53:79-98.

1948 Selli, R. La struttura del genere Angulogerina Cushman 1927. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat. e Museo Civ. Storia Nat., 87:40-48. Selli, R. Una sabbia vulcanica oligocenica nel subappennino bolo­gnese. Rend. Accad. Naz. Lincei, (8),4:88-93.

1949 Selli, R. In risposta a una recente nota della Prof. Montanaro Gallitelli. G. Geol., 20:15-18. Selli, R. Smottamenti costieri avvenuti durante il Siciliano al margine dell'Appennino bolognese. Atti 14 Congr. Geogr. It., Bologna, Aprile 8-12, 1947, pp. 387-388.

xxii Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli

Selli, R. Le conoscenze geologiche suI Quaternario gassifero del Pole­sine e del Ferrarese settentrionale. Atti 6 Conv. Naz. Metano, Padova, June 14-16, 1949, pp. 515-535.

1949 Ruggieri, G. and Selli, R. II Pliocene e il Postpliocene dell' Emilia. G. Geol., 20:1-14.

1950 Ruggieri, G. and Selli, R. II Pliocene e il Postpliocene dell' Emilia. In: 18th Int. Geol. Congress. London 1948, 9:85-93.

Selli, R. Cenni geologici sull'alto Appennino Tosco-Emiliano. In: G. Bortolotti (Editor), Guida dell'Alto Appennino Bolognese, Modenese e Pistoiese, pp. 89-98.

Gortani, M., Di Colbertaldo, G. and Selli, R. Carta Geologica delle Tre Venezie alla Scala 1:100.000. Foglio 16. Tarvisio. Firenze, Uff. Idrogr. Magistrato Acque Venezia (Map).

1951 Selli, R. I caratteri geologici della regione marchigiana. G. Geol., 21:99-125.

1952 Selli, R. Su un livello-guida nel Messiniano romagnolo-marchigiano. Atti 7 Conv. Naz. Metano Petrolio, Taormina, April 21-24, 1952, 1:195-198.

Selli, R. La geologia marchigiana nei riguardi degli idrocarburi. Atti 7 Conv. Naz. Metano Petrolio, Taormina, April 21-24, 1952, I: 199-206.

Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100.000. Foglio 116. Gubbio. Servizio Geologico d'ltalia, Roma (Map, in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Nuove ricerche suI Permo-carbonifero Pontebbano. La Ri­cerca Scientifica, 22:2158-2163.

1953 Selli, R. La geologia dell'alto Bacino dell'Isonzo (stratigrafia e tet­tonica). G. Geol., 19:1-153.

1954 Selli, R. La limite plio-pleistocene dans les environs d' Ancona (Marche). In: 19 Congr. Geol. Int., Alger 1952, 15: pp. 241-247.

Selli, R. II Bacino del Metauro. Descrizione geologica, risorse minera­rie, idrogeologia. G. Geol., 24: 1-268. Selli, R. F ossili mesozoici dell' alto Bacino dell' Isonzo. G. Geol., 25: 1-43. Selli, R. Relazione suI rilevamento delle tavolette III-NE (Mondolfo), II-NO (S. Costanzo), IV-SO (Fano) del Foglio Senigallia 110. Boll. Servo Geol. It., 75:833-836.

1957 Selli, R. Sulla trasgressione del Miocene nell'ltalia meridionale. G. Geol., 26:1-54.

Boaga, G., Morelli, c., Puppo, A. and Selli, R. Necessari Chiarimenti sui Fenomeni di Affondamento della Zona del Delta Padano. Off. Graf. Stedi, Padova, 15 pp.

1959 Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 27:215-242. 1960 Selli, R. II Messiniano Mayer-Eymar 1867. Proposta di un neostra­

totipo. G. Geol., 28:1-33. Selli, R. La frana di Capodimonte (Ancona). Origini e rimedi secondo un geologo. Rivista di Ancona, 3:38-42. Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 28:229-239.

1961 Selli, R. Le Risorse Idriche per Uso Potabile della Provincia di Pe­saro. Camera Comm. lndustr. Agric., Pesaro, 99 pp.

Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli xxiii

Emiliani, C., Mayeda, T. and Selli, R. Paleotemperature analysis of the Plio-Pleistocene section at Le Castella, Calabria, Southern Italy. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72:679-688.

1962 Selli, R. II Paleogene nel quadro della geologia dell'ltalia meridionale. Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 3:737-789. Selli, R. Le Quaternaire marin du versant Adriatique Ionien de la peninsule italienne. Quaternaria, 6:391-413. Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 29:389-401.

1963 Selli, R. Schema geologico delle Alpi Carnic he e Giulie occidentali. G. Geol., 30: 1-121. Selli, R. Guida aile escursioni. Societa Geologica Italiana. 62 Adunanza estiva. Bologna-Carnia, September 8-15, 1963. Azzoguidi, Bologna, pp. 11-17, 18-24,30-33. Selli, R. Centro Nazionale per 10 studio geologico e petrografico delle Alpi. Sezione VIII, Bologna. Attivita scientifica svolta nel biennio 1961-1962. La Ricerca Scientijica, 33,2:246-249. Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 30:415-427.

1964 Selli, R. Cenni stratigrafici e tettonici sulle Alpi Carniche e Giulie occidentali. Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 83:349-363. Selli, R. The Mayer-Eymar Messinian 1867. Proposal for a neostrato­type. In: 21st Int. Geol. Congr. Norden, 1960, 28:311-333. Selli, R. EI Mesinense. Cursillos Y Conferencias. Instituto Lucas Mal­lada, e.S.I.e. (Espana) Madrid, 9:63-70. Selli, R. Cenozoica Era. Enciclopedia del Petrolio e del Gas Naturale, vol. 2, Roma, pp. 428-433. Selli, R. Southern Apennines and Umbria. In: Guidebook of Interna­tional Field Institute, Italy, 1964. American Geological Institute, Washington, Section IV, pp. 1-29. Trevisan, L. and Selli, R. La Frana del Vaiont. Caratteri e interpreta­zione della frana del Vaiont. G. Geol., 32:1-68. Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 32:689-703.

1965 Selli, R. Centro Nazionale per 10 Studio Geologico e Petrografico delle Alpi. Attivita scientifica svolta nel biennio 1963-1964 dalla Sezione VIII, Bologna. La Ricerca Scientijica, 35, Suppl. 4:404-409. Selli, R. Gruppo di rice rca per la geologia dell' Appennino Setten­trionale e della Toscana. Sezione III, Bologna. Attivita Scientifica svolta negli anni 1962-1964. La Ricerca Scientijica, 35, Suppl. 4:472-477. Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alla Scala I :100,000. Foglio 1I0. Senigallia. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma (map, in collabora­tion with other authors).

1966 Selli, R. Ricordo di Michele Gortani. Natura e Montagna, 6: 1-6. Venzo, S. and Selli, R. La partecipazione italiana al 7° Congresso Internazionale del Quaternario (INQUA). Denver-Boulder, Colorado (USA), August 30-September 5, 1965. La Ricerca Scientijica, 36: 1-9. Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alla Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 1I7. Jesi. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'ltalia, Firenze (map, in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 33:703-713.

xxiv Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli

1967 Selli, R. The Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in Italian marine sections and its relationship to continental stratigraphies.Progress in Oceanog­raphy, 4:67-86. Selli, R. L'opera scientifica di Michele Gortani. G. Geol., 34:1-28. Selli, R. Centro Nazionale per 10 Studio Geologico e Petrografico delle Alpi. Attivita scientifica svolta nel biennio 1965-1966 dalla Sezione VIII, Bologna. La Ricerca Scientijica, 37, Supp/. 5:80-84. Selli, R. Guida al/e Escursioni del 4 Congresso del Comitato del Neo­gene Mediterraneo. Azzoguidi, Bologna, 171 pp. (in collaboration with other authors).

1968 Selli, R. Michele Gortani. Discorso commemorativo pronunciato nella seduta ordinaria del 10 febbraio 1968. Accad. Naz. Lincei, Celebra­zioni Lincee, 9:23 pp. Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 34:683-697. Selli, R. (Editor). Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy. Proceedings of the fourth Session in Bologna, 19-30 September 1967. Part II. G. Geol., 35, 2: 422 pp. Part III. G. Geol., 35, 3: 448 pp.

1969 Selli, R. Report of the working group on terminal Miocene. G. Geo/., 35:1-2. Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'ltalia alia Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 155. San Severo. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Napoli (map, in collabora­tion with other authors). Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 109. Pesaro. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Bergamo (map, in collabo­ration with other authors). Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia aI/a Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 107. Monte FaIterona. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Firenze (map, in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 99. Faenza. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Firenze (map, in collabora­tion with other authors). SeIIi, R. Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100.000. Foglio 155. San Severo. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Erco­lano (Napoli), pp. 1-46. (in collaboration with other authors). Azzaroli, A., Cita, M.B. and SeIIi, R. Codice italiano di nomenclatura stratigrafica. Commissione stratigrafica del Comitato Geologico d'Ita­lia. Boll. Servo Geol. It., 89:1-22. SeIIi, R. (Editor). Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy. Proceedings of the Fourth Session in Bologna, 19-30 September 1967. Part IV. G. Geol., 35, 4:397 pp.

1970 SeIIi, R. (Editor). Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy. Proceedings of the Fourth Session in Bologna, 19-30 September 1967. Part I. G. Geol., 35, 1:346 pp. SeIIi, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 36:777-792. Selli, R. Geological interpretation of the seismicity of the Northern Apennines with particular reference to the Brasimone Area (Castig­lione dei Pepoli-Bologna). Bologna. Comitato Naz. Energia Nucleare, Pub/. RT/ING70/1O, 39 pp.

Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli xxv

Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1 :100,000. Foglio 98. Vergato. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Napoli (map, in collabora­tion with other authors). Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 156. S. Marco in Lamis, 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Salerno (map, in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Les institutions geologiques italiennes et la nouvelle Carte geologique d'Italie. Ann. Inst. Geol. Publ. Hungarici, 54:223-235. Selli, R. (Editor). Ricerche geologiche preliminari nel Mar Tirreno. Crociera CST 68 del Laboratorio di Geologia Marina del C.N .R. di Bologna. G. Geol., 37:1-249. Selli, R. I. Cenni morfologici generali sui Mar Tirreno. G. Geol., 37:5-24. Selli, R. III. Profili magnetometrici. G. Geol., 37:43-54. Selli, R. IV. Campioni raccolti. G. Geol., 37:55-72. Selli, R. XIII. Discussione dei risultati e conclusioni. G. Geol., 37:201-250. Selli, R. Report on the absolute age. G. Geol., 35:51-59.

1971 Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 13. Am­pezzo. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Bergamo (map, in collabora­tion with other authors). Selli, R. Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1:100,000. Foglio 221. Castrovillari. 2a ed. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma (map, in collab­oration with other authors). Selli, R. Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1 :100,000. Fogli 4c-13. Monte Cavallino-Ampezzo. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma, pp. 7-108 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1 :100,000. Fogli 109-110, 117. Pesaro, Senigallia, Jesi. Servizio Geolo­gico d'Italia, Roma, pp. 9-62 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1 :100,000. Foglio 156. S. Marco in Lamis. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma, pp. 4-66 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Isole Tremiti e Piano sa. In: Note Illustrative della Carta Geologica d'Italia alia Scala 1 :100,000. Foglio 156. S. Marco in Lamis. Servizio Geologico d'Italia, Roma, pp. 49-66. Selli, R. Sabbie. In: Enciclopedia del Petrolio e del Gas Naturale, vol. 8. Colombo Ed., Roma, pp. 665-666. Ricci Lucchi, F. and Selli, R. Sedimentologia. In: Enciclopedia del Petrolio e del Gas Naturale, vol. 8. Colombo Ed., Roma, pp. 687-719.

Castellarin, A. and Selli, R. Stratigrafia. In: Enciclopedia del Petrolio e del Gas Naturale, vol. 8. Colombo Ed., Roma, pp. 1005-1022. Selli, R. and Fabbri, A. Tyrrhenian: a Pliocene deep sea. Rend. Accad. Naz. Lincei, 8, 50:580-592. Selli, R. and Vai, G.B. Silurian and Devonian biostratigraphy in the Carnic Alps. Trudy of the 3rd Int. Symposium on the Silurian-Devo­nian Boundary, Leningrad, 1:187-192.

xxvi Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli

Selli, R. (Editor). Stratotypes of the Mediterranean Neogene Stages. G. Geol., 37, 2:266 pp. (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Calabrian. G. Geol., 37:55-64. Boni, A. and Selli, R. Serravallian. G. Geol., 37,2: 181-188. Selli, R. Messinian. G. Geol., 37:121-133. Barbieri, F. and Selli, R. Tabianian. G. Geol., 37,2: 191-198. Carloni, G.c. and Selli, R. Report of the discussion during the session on the stratotypes in Bologna. G. Geol., 37, 2:245-266. Selli, R. Laboratorio per la Geologia Marina. Bologna. Attivita scienti­fica svolta nel 1970. La Ricerca Scientijica, 41 :3-20.

1972 Fabbri, A. and Selli, R. The Structure and stratigraphy of the Tyrrhe­nian Sea. In: D.l. Stanley (Editor), The Mediterranean Sea: A Natural Sedimentation Laboratory. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Inc., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, pp. 75-81. Selli, R. Ricerche geologiche nel Golfo di Pozzuoli. Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientijica, C.N.R., 83:26-71 (in collaboration with other au­thors).

1973 Selli, R. Ricerche preliminari suI contenuto in mercurio totale nei sedi­menti del Mare Adriatico. 3° Convegno sui problemi della pesca. Tavola rotonda sui problemi giuridico-sanitari relativi alIa contamina­zione da metalli tossici dei prodotti ittici. Cesenatico, 3-4 Giugno 1972. Selli, R. II Mediterraneo nel Miocene superiore: un mare sovrasalato. Le Scienze, 10, 56:20-21. Fabbri, A. and Selli, R. Premieres donnees sismiques et geologiques sur la structure et l'evolution de la mer Tyrrhenienne. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit., 21, 11:883-888. Selli, R. New geological data on the Tyrrhenian Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit., 22, 2a:75-79. Selli, R. The mercury content in the sediments of the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian. Journees Etudes Pol/utions Athenes, C.I.E.S.M. (1972), pp. 39-40 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. An outline of the Italian Messinian. In: C.W. Drooger (Edi­tor), Messinian Events in the Mediterranean. North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam, pp. 150-171. Selli, R. Molluschi quaternari di Massaua e di Gibuti. Accademia Na­zionale dei Lincei, missione geologica dell' AGIP nella Dancalia meri­dionale e sugli altipiani Ararini, 1936-1938,4,2. Documentazione Pa­leontologica, pp. 153-444. Selli, R. Attivita del Laboratorio di Geologia marina durante l'anno 1971. Lab. Geol. Marina del C.N.R., Bologna, 5: 1-32. Selli, R. Paleozoico inferiore. Carbonifero. In: A. Desio (Editor), Geologia dell'Italia. UTET, Torino, pp. 69-122. Selli, R. Miocene. In: A. Desio (Editor), Geologia del/'Italia. UTET, Torino, pp. 538-637. Selli, R. Pleistocene marino. In: A. Desio (Editor), Geologia del/'Ita­lia. UTET, Torino, pp. 677-717. Selli, R. Recensioni critiche. G. Geol., 39, 2:599-605.

Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli xxvii

1974 Selli, R. Laboratorio di Geologia marina, Bologna. Attivita svolta nel 1973. La Ricerca Scientijica, 44, 6:922-931. Selli, R. Appunti sulla Geologia del Mar Tirreno. In: Paleogeografia del Terziario sardo nell'ambito del Mediterraneo occidentale. Rend. Sem. Fac. Sci. Univ. Cagliari, Suppl., pp. 327-351.

1975 Selli, R. Preliminary data on the geology of the Balearic Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Medit., 23, 4a:1l3-1l4 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. and Rossi, S. The main geologic features of the Jonian Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit., 23, 4a:115-116. Selli, R. Marine geological researches on the Messina Strait area. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Medit., 23, 4a:275 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Laboratorio di Geologia Marina, Bologna. Attivita svolta nel 1974. La Ricerca Scientijica, 45,6:1070-1081. G. Geol., 40, 1:1-20. Selli, R. The Neogene-Quaternary Boundary. 2nd Symposium Bolo­gna, October 6-15, 1975. Excursion Guide-book, 74 pp. IGCP, Project 73/1/41, Bologna (in collaboration with other authors).

1976 Selli, R. (Editor). Atti 1° Congresso della Associazione Italiana di Oceanologia e Limnologia, Bologna, November, 5-6, 1974. G. Geol., 40, 2:285 pp. Selli, R. Sullo stato della oceanologia italiana. G. Geol., 40, 2:23-30. Selli, R. Prospettive minerarie nei fondi marini italiani. G. Geol., 40, 2:69-84. Selli, R. Appunti di geologia marina dello stretto di Messina. Atti 1° Congr. AlOL, G. Geol., 40, 2:151-154 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. The prospects for mineral resources of the Italian sea floor. Review of the Economic Conditions in Italy, 30, 3: 193-206. Selli, R. Laboratorio di Geologia Marina: Bologna. Attivita scientifica svolta nel 1975. La Ricerca Scientijica, 46, 6:1430-1438. Selli, R. A dieci anni dalla scomparsa. Ricordo di Michele Gortani. Rassegna Tecnica del Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Udine, 27:2-3,46-49. Selli, R. L'abbassamento del suolo a Ravenna. Atti del Convegno sull'abbassamento del suolo ravennate. Boll. Economico, Ravenna, 31,9:709-713.

1977 Selli, R. (Editor). Proceedings 2nd Symposium on Neogene-Quater­nary Boundary. G. Geol., 41:459 pp. Selli, R. The Neogene/Quaternary Boundary in the Italian marine for­mations. G. Geol., 41:81-105. Selli, R. and Ciabatti, M. L'abbassamento del suolo della zona litora­nea ravennate. G. Geol., 42,1:1-47. Selli, R. Inquinamento dei sedimenti marini. Convegno: aspetti scient i­fici dell'inquinamento dei mari italiani. Atti Conv. Lincei, 31:169-192 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Dati geologici, petrochimici e radiometrici sui vulcani cen­trotirrenici. G. Geol., 42, 1 :221-246 (in collaboration with other au­thors).

xxviii Bibliography of Professor Raimondo Selli

Selli, R. The Vrica section (Calabria, Italy). A potential Neogene/ Quaternary boundary stratotype. G. Geol., 42, 1:181-201 (in collabo­ration with other authors). Selli, R. Giulio Pisa. G. Geol., 42, 1:247-249.

1978 Selli, R. Ricerche geologiche sulla zona del relitto della nave Cavtat (canale d'Otranto). C.N.R. Lab. Geol. Marina, Bologna, Rapporto Tecnico, 8:1-31 (in collaboration with other authors). Selli, R. Marine geological investigation on the Messina Strait and its approaches. G. Geol., 42, 2: 1-66 (in collaboration with other authors).

1979 Selli, R. Geologia e sismotettonica dello Stretto di Messina. Accad. Naz. Lincei. Atti del Convegno, Roma, 43: 119-154.

Selli, R. and Gabbianelli, G. I depositi manganesiferi del SE Tirreno. In: Atti Conv. Sci. Naz. P.F. Oceanograjia e Fondi Marini, C.N.R., Roma, 1979, 2:821-839.

1980 Selli, R. Giacimenti manganesiferi del M. Tirreno. Atti Convegno "placers," Trieste, June 26-27, 1980, pp. 151-161 (in collaboration with other authors).

1981 Selli, R. A large-scale tectonic model of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit., 27,8:181-182.

Selli, R. Deep-sea manganese deposits from the south Tyrrhenian area. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Medit., 27, 8:157-158.

Selli, R. Thoughts on the geology of the Mediterranean region. In: F.e. Wezel (Editor), Sedimentary Basins of Mediterranean Margins. C.N.R. Italian Project of Oceanography, Tecnoprint, Bologna, pp. 489-501.

Selli, R. The tectonic evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In: 0.1. Stanley and F.-e. Wezel (Editors), Geological Evolution of the Mediterranean Basin (Raimondo SeJli commemorative volume). Springer-Verlag, New York 1985. (Presented at the NATO-ARI conference in Erice on 20 November 1982 by F.e. Wezel).

Unpublished Documents

1963 Selli, R. Carta geologica del Permo-Carbonifero Pontebbano. Scala 1 :20.000. Litografia Artistica Cartografica, Firenze (map).

1963 Selli, R. Note illustrative della carta geologica del Permo-Carbonifero Pontebbano.

1977 Selli, R. L'etat actuel des connaissances sur la limite plio-pleistocene. 1980 Selli, R. Le risorse minerarie del Mediterraneo. 1981 Selli, R. Considerations on the Neogene-Quaternary Boundary.