Geography…Its Nature & Perspectives. Where does Geography come from? First named by Greek scholar...
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Transcript of Geography…Its Nature & Perspectives. Where does Geography come from? First named by Greek scholar...
Introduction to Unit 1
Geography…Its Nature & Perspectives
Where does Geography come from? First named by Greek scholar Eratosthenes Geo= “Earth”Graphy= “to write”
Thinking Geographically Geography is the study of the location of
people and activities across Earth- and the reasons for their distribution
Geographers ask why & where
Early Geographers Eratosthenes (100 BC)
Coined to term First to measure the earth
Ptolemy (2nd century)Created one of the first maps
Zheng He (mid 1400s)Famous Chinese explorer
Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594)First to produce world map, withrelative accuracy and the general outline of the continents
Two Types of Geography Human Geography Where & why human activities
are located where they are Ex. Religions, cities, businesses Focuses on the study of
patterns and processes that shape human interaction
PopulationsEconomic activitiesMigration Political systems
Physical Geography Where & why natural forces
occur as they do landforms Plants Animals Climate Weather Bodies of Water Atmosphere Environment Rocks & minerals
Where & Why Space- patterns and regularities across Earth
(depicted on maps) Place- unique location of everything on Earth Region- areas formed by distinctive
combinations of featuresScale- the relationship between the size of
an object or distance between objects on a map and the size of the actual object of distance on earth’s surface.
Connections- relationships of places and regions
5 Themes of Geography Human features
Physical featuresRegion united by similar physical conditions
United by common cultural traits
People adapt to the environment
People change the environment
Absolute location (latitude and longitude)
Relative location (in relation to another place)
Travel from place to place
Exchange of goods and ideas
Location
Movement
Place
Region
Interaction
http://video.about.com/geography/Five-Themes-of-Geography.htm
Place Site- the internal physical attributes of a
place Situation- the external attributes of a place
Spatial Pertaining to the space on the earth’s surface All geographers are interested in the spatial
arrangement of places and phenomenon, how they are laid out, organized and arranged on the Earth and how they appear on the landscape
Mapping the spatial distribution is often the first step to understanding it
Pattern By looking at a map of how something is
distributed across space, a geographer can raise questions about, what processes create and sustain the particular pattern of distribution and what relationship exists between different things and places
Pattern- the design of spatial distributionIt will be scattered or concentrated
Cholera Pandemic In 1854, Dr. John Snow mapped cases of
cholera in London’s Soho district Cholera was one of the world’s 1st
pandemics (worldwide outbreak of disease) No one knew what caused the disease or how
to avoid it When it reached London in the 1850’s Dr.
Snow mapped the Soho district, marking all the areas water pumps and the residences where each person who died lived
500 deaths occurred in SohoAs he created the map, Snow noticed
especially large numbers of deaths clustered around the water pump on Broad street
At the Dr’s request, city authorities removed the handle from the pump making it impossible to get water from it
The results were drastic, almost immediately the number of reported cases fell to zero
Cultural LandscapeLandscape refers to the material character
of a place, the complex of natural and human structures
Cultural landscape- visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
Term was coined by Carl Sauer, a professor at the University of California at Berkley
We can see the cultural landscape in the layers of buildings, roads, memorials, churches and homes that human activities overtime have imprinted on the landscape
Cultural landscapes have layers of imprints from years of human activity
Sequent occupance- the sequential imprints of occupants, whose impacts are layered one on top of the other