GEOGRAPHY. Study of the earth as the home of people(Yi-Fu Tuan, 1991) Study of variations in...
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Transcript of GEOGRAPHY. Study of the earth as the home of people(Yi-Fu Tuan, 1991) Study of variations in...
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GEOGRAPHY
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• Study of the earth as the home of people(Yi-Fu Tuan, 1991)
• Study of variations in phenomena from place to place(Holt-Jensen, 1980)
Definitions
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• Physical Geography-study of physical features of the earth
• Human Geography-studies the man-made features of the earth
• Passive or static human geography-deals with the action of nature upon man
• Active or dynamic human geography-deals with reaction or action of man upon nature
Types of Geography
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Factors influence, determine and condition the distribution and activities of man
• Physical features
• Climate
• Vegetation
• Animal life
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Evidences
1.Edge of shadow of the earth on the moon during eclipse.
2.Possibility of cirum-navigation.
3.The horizon appearing as a clear marked circle.
Size and shape of the earth
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Physical features of earth
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Physical features of earth
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• Oblate spheroid or ellipsoid shape
• Polar radius-3950 miles, equatorial radius-3963 miles
• Diameter-7926 miles-equator, 7900 mile-poles
• Polar cirucumference-24,818 miles
• Equatorial circumference-24,860miles
Physical features of earth
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• Rotation
• Revolution
Movements of Earth
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• Formation of day and night
• Formation of sunset and sunrise
• Getting sense of time
• Moving body experiences coriolis force
• Caused bulge at equator flattened at poles
• Siderial day-earth takes 23h, 56min, 4.09 sec for one rotation
Effects of earth’s rotation
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• Unequal length of the day and night
• Formation of seasons
• Tropical year-earth takes 365d, 5h, 48min and 45 sec for one revolution around the sun
Effects of earth’s revolution
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• Inner core-radius-1070km, solid, very dense, magnetized, rich in iron and nickel, 5000°C
• Outer core-4000°C, liquid –iron & nickel
• Mantle-2835km thick, 1500-3000°C, magnesium-iron silicates
• Crust-rigid, cold, thin-SIAL, SIMA
STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
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• Moho –boundary between the crust and the mantle
• Lithosphere-rigid layer of the crust and upper mantle
• Asthenosphere - sub region of the mantle extending about 250km below the lithosphere
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Continental crust Oceanic crust
Average thickness-35km Average thickness-11km including overlying water
Main rock type-granite Main rock type-gabbro
Density -2.8g/cm³ Density-3.0g/cm³
Differences between continental crust and oceanic crust
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Thank you