Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber...
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Transcript of Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber...
Geography – Rome
Geography - Rome
•Was built 15 miles inland•On the crest of 7 hills•East of Tiber River•Steep banks serves as natural protection•Tiber River cut through the Apennine Mountains in central Italy
Geography - Rome
Achievements – Rome
Rome
•Roads• Move army
around• Spread culture• Connect the
empire
Achievements - Rome
Aqueducts
•Get water to cities• Fountains• Public Baths• Everyday use
Achievements - Rome
Concrete Coliseum
Achievements - Rome
Bath Circus
Politics - Rome
Julius Caesar
•Was a famous war hero•Started a revolution when he marched with his troops into Rome•Restored order to Rome•Made dictator for life•Some (senators ) feared he was too ambitious or getting too powerful & assassinated him
Politics - Rome
Caesar Augustus
•Adopted son of Julius Caesar
•Massive building projects – restore pride in Rome
•Expanded Rome
•Started the Pax Romana
Politics - RomeNerva
Adopt next leaderTrajan
Lead Rome at height/roads & bridges to connect
Politics - Rome
HadrianWall & defense
Marcus AureliusPhilosopher
Economy - Rome
Expansion – Initially Strengthened
• Brought in riches
• Massive building projects
• Encouraged & necessitated inventions
• Aqueducts
• Concrete
• roads
• Spread culture
Economy - Rome
Expansion - Eventually
Weakened the Economy
•Expansion slowed down – no new riches•Raise taxes to pay for army•Slaves take jobs of working class – struggle to support family•Constant wars damaged farms & trade•Rich leave for country homes
Effects of Expansion in Rome
Beginning
Increased trade & brought in riches
Later
When expansion slowed down, they didn’t have the huge increase of riches Romans didn’t want to
serve so the Emperor had to rely on foreigners to fight
Foreigners not motivated to fight
Had to raise taxes to pay for the army to defend the Empire
Geography- Constantinople
• Connects Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea
• Better Trade• Close to Asia Minor
• Close to Europe
• Close to North Africa
• Easier to defend• Wall surround city
• Surrounded by water
• Moat
Religion
One reason that the early Christian church survived was because of its organization.
Local leaders were Bishops
Bishops later controlled churches in certain areas
Religion
•Bishops get authority based on Apostolic Succession
Religion
•The Bishops of the five largest cities were called Patriarchs.
Religion
Why did the Bishop of Rome think he should be the leader of the church?
Religion –
Religion
Everyone believed that …
Jesus was the son of God Jesus was the savior
Religion
What was the Great Schism or split?
Religion
Roman Catholic Church
Icons bring you closer to God
Head of church is the Pope
Leader of the church is the Pope (day to day operations)
Priests can’t marry
Rituals and ceremonies in Latin
Eastern Orthodox Church
Icons are a form of idol worship
Head of the Church is the Emperor
Leader of the Church is the Patriarch of Constantinople (day to day operations)
Priests can marry
Rituals and ceremonies in Greek
AchievementsByzantine
Justinian’s Code
•Organized and preserved Roman law•Foundation for modern legal systems
AchievementsByzantine
Hagia Sophia
•Dome 185 feet tall•Still standing
AchievementsByzantine
Mosaic•A form of art where designs are made with small stones or glass
Achievements
Cyril & Methodius
•Brothers who gave up wealth to spread their religion in Eastern Europe
•Cyril created Cyrillic alphabet so Slavs could have a written language & a Bible
•Considered Apostles to the Slavs
Politics
Constantine
•Converted to Christianity
•Made Christianity legal
•Moved capital to Constantinople
•Wanted Constantinople to resemble Rome – start building projects
Politics
Justinian
•Worked his way up through army•Dream to restore Rome to the way it was – came close•Had lawyers organize Roman law – Justinian’s code – basis for some legal systems today•Had the Hagia Sophia built•Married to Theodora – smart and a performer
Economy
Constantinople
•Strong trade• Had good harbors• Close to Asia
Minor and Europe
Rise of the EmpiresRome
Expansion
Strong leaders Julius Caesar Cesar Augustus 5 Good Emperors
Strong trade/Economy
Achievements/Inventions Roads Aqueducts
Romans in the army are proud
Byzantine Expansion
Justinian restore Rome to glory
Cyril & Methodius
Strong leaders Constantine Justinian
Strong trade/Economy Close to Europe, Asia Minor,
and North Africa
Achievements/Inventions Haygia Sophia Justinian Code Mosaics
Strong Army
Fall of Empires
Rome
Rich get richer and poor get poorer
Weak leaders
Weak army
Weak economy Constant war No increased trade or
riches Loss of pride in being a
Roman
People turned to the latifundia for food and water
Byzantine
Weak leaders
Weak army
Constant attacks from enemies Finally broke through
defenses (walls) Use of gunpowder for
weapons like cannons