GEOGRAPHY REVIEW■ How the earth is represented

◆Maps◆Globes

■ How the earth is organized◆Directions◆Mathematical measurements

■ How the earth is divided◆Hemispheres

Measurements■ Lines of latitude (parallels)

◆ Measured in degrees N&S of equator◆ 0 to 90

■ Lines of longitude (meridians)◆ Measured in degrees E&W of prime

meridian◆ 0 to 180

Geography Exercise

• Identify the countries on the map by coloring them• Example 1. United States of America – Blue• 11. Iraq, 12. France, 13. Germany

• Then list the countries its near by.• Example: 1. United States of America is near by

Canada and Mexico.

Opening Activity (OA) 11. What is the role of the government?

2. What are some of their

responsibilities?

Key Terms• Government

• the group of people who control and make decisions for a country, state

• a particular system used for controlling a country

• Political: relating to government• Laws: rules made by the government of a

town or country

Key Terms• Monarchy (Mono – One): a country that

is ruled by a King or a queen• Aristocracy: Few privileged people rule

the country• Privileged means having special rights

or advantages• Oligarchy:

• government by the few• a government in which a small group

exercises control

Rise of Democracy■ Rise of Democratic Ideals

◆ Evolution (changed) from Monarchy and Aristocracy or Oligarchy

◆ Athens, Greece■ Democracy: Type of government in which people have the

power◆ Pure/Direct Democracy – every citizen participated in

decision making ◆ Representative Democracy– when people choose

representatives to make decisions for them■ Principles of Democracy

◆ Rule by law, Rule by the people, Due process (Government must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person.

Golden age of Greece■ Reforms of Solon

◆ Council of 400 – reviewed laws before reaching the assembly

◆ Freed slaves ■ Reforms of Cleisthenes

◆ Increased number & power of assembly (500)◆ Direct Democracy (Male citizens over 18)

■ Reforms of Pericles◆ Paid salaries – allowed more citizens to get involved

with the government◆ Schools of Philosophy

♦ Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

OA 2

• Pg 139 What is Philosophy?

• Do you have any philosophy you live your life by?

• Ex: “You are what you eat”

PhilosophyPhilosophy is an organized system of thought• Philo -- Love• Sophomos – Wisdom• Philosopher was a person who

loves and seeks wisdom and knowledge.

• In Athens, Greek philosophers spoke of nature of life, people, and government.

• Plato’s, The Republic • How government should be

organized

Analyzing, THE REPUBULIC

1. Underline or highlight words you need to define2. On a separate sheet of paper, we will define the terms3. We will read the text together4. Working with your group summarize the reading below the lines.

Myths of Rome

Romulus and RemusFall of Troy (Trojan Spartan War)

Wars and Conquests

Expansion of wealth and power! But the common people stayed powerless. This led to civil wars.

Roman Republic Monarchy was overthrown, and the citizens created a republic.Republic • representative government • Ensure not one person gained too much powerBranches of the government:• Senate and two assemblies

• Senate--Most powerful governing body in Rome• Senators served for life and was responsible for

making laws (legislation)

Roman Senate

Roman RepublicPatricians • the original

aristocratic families of Ancient Rome

• Powerful elitesPlebeians• Commoners—

farmers, merchants, artisans and traders

Slaves• Prisoners of war or

people in debt

Roman Legal System◆ Inequalities in Rome led to the

creation of the 12 Tables◆12 Tables—Rome’s first code of law

that was written down on stone tablets.◆Tribunes – elected from the lower

classes and who had the power to block (veto) decisions made by the assemblies.

What are some similarities?

12 Tables of Rome!First Legal code of Rome that was the foundation of Roman Republic.

OA 3

1.What purposes do laws serve? 2.What kind of laws are there in

today’s society?

Judeo-Christian Tradition■ New religions stress law and fair

treatment ◆Judaism: teachings of

prophets (10 Commandments)◆Christianity: teachings of Jesus

(morality, individualism)◆Islam: teachings of

Mohammed (dignity; charity)

Compare and Contrast

Medieval Reforms■ Governments based on Absolutism

also called Absolute Monarchy lasted for 1000 years

■ Absolute Monarchy is a government in which the monarch (King or Queen) has absolute power among his or her people. He or she has unrestricted political power.

Medieval Reforms◆Magna Carta (1215)◆Nobles forced King of England to

sign this document◆Limited the power of the king◆Source of rights and liberties◆Parliament

–Representative body /Legislature to check the powers of the King

Social Movements■ Renaissance (Rebirth)

◆Cultural movement in Italy◆Modeled after Greek, Roman

♦ Art, Music, Philosophy♦ Da Vinci, Michelangelo, etc

◆Stressed individualism and secular (not Godly) things

Michelangelo's Pietà

Social Movements Cnt’d■ Reformation

◆ Religious movement led by Martin Luther, a German Monk

◆ Sought to end corruption in the Church (Roman Catholic Church

♦ Indulgences – payment to the Church in exchange for forgiveness of sin.

♦ Nailed 95 theses to church door♦ Stood his ground at Diet of Worms♦ Divided Church into 2 groups

• Catholics and Protestants

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1o8oIELbNxE