Political GeographyImmigration

Le Monde. Retrieved 3/8/06: http://www.lemonde.fr/web/illustration/0,32-0,40-676197,0.html

Republic Broadcasting Network. Retrieved 2/8/06: http://www.rbnlive.com/news.html

Heated topic….

My San Antonio. Retrieved 2/8/06: http://www.mysanantonio.com/multimedia/slideshows/show_555/18.jpg

Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved 2/8/06: http://www.splcenter.org/images/imglib/N/anti_im_350.jpg

San Diego Independent Media. 2/8/06: http://sandiego.indymedia.org/images/2005/07/109828.gif

[German Skinheads] BBC. Retrieved 2/8/06: http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1570000/images/_1571679_skinheads300.jpg

San Francisco Museum. Retrieved 2/8/06: http://www.sfmuseum.org/photos11/letstay.gif

Scientific progression

• Description• Explanation (ultimate test: prediction)• Policy (“normative science”)

Some terms & considerations

• Immigration/immigrate• Emigration/emigrate• Refugees• Displaced persons• Legal/documented vs. illegal/undocumented

immigrants• Internal migration• Push factors• Pull factors

• Geographic locations?• Characteristics of immigrants?• Economic impacts

• Cost to native-born taxpayers• Take jobs from native-born citizens?

• Remittances• Trends?

It’s time to i>click!

Clipart Kid. Homer Simpson Doh Clipart. Retrieved Oct 10, 2016: http://www.clipartkid.com/homer-simpson-doh-cliparts/

• U.S. State Dept. Directory of Visa Categories. Retrieved September 23, 2015: http://www.travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/general/all-visa-categories.html

• U.S. State Dept. Student Visa. Retrieved September 23, 2015: http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/study-exchange/student.html

• U.S. State Dept. Temporary Worker Visas. Retrieved September 23, 2015: http://travel.state.gov/content/visas/en/study-exchange/student.html

• U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services. Retrieved September 23, 2015: http://www.uscis.gov/greencard

• U.S. Citizenship & Immigration Services. Path to U.S. Citizenship. Retrieved September 23, 2015: http://www.uscis.gov/us-citizenship/citizenship-through-naturalization/path-us-citizenship

Characteristics of migrants?“Brain Drain”

Jamaica Gleaner. Retrieved 2/20/06: http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060220/lead/lead2.html

'Major brain drain' - IMF says Caribbean has lost 70 per cent of workforce published: Monday | February 20, 2006 WASHINGTON (CMC): AN INTERNATIONAL Monetary Fund (IMF) working paper has suggested that there is evidence of high emigration and brain drain from the Caribbean. The paper says Caribbean countries have lost 10-40 per cent of their labour force to emigration to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) member-countries."The migration rate is particularly high for the high-skilled," it says."Many countries have lost more than 70 per cent of their labour force, with more than 12 years of completed schooling - among the highest emigration rates in the world." REMITTANCES The paper also says the region is the world's largest recipient of remittances as a per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), constituting about 13 per cent of the region's GDP in 2002."Simple welfare calculations suggest that the losses due to high-skill migration outweigh the official remittances to the Caribbean region," it says. "The results suggest that there is, indeed, some evidence for brain drain from the Caribbean."The paper says the majority of Caribbean countries have lost more than 50 per cent of the labour force in the tertiary education segment and more than 30 per cent in the secondary education segment (nine to 12 years of schooling).For instance, it says, the tertiary educated labour force in Jamaica and Guyana has been reduced by 85 per cent and 89 per cent, respectively, due to emigration to OECD-member countries. SERIOUS IMPACT Though Haiti has the lowest aggregate emigration rate - about 10 per cent - in the region, its tertiary-educated labour force has been reduced by 84 per cent due to emigration to OECD-member countries.In fact, the paper says, almost all Caribbean nations are among the top 20 countries in the world with the highest tertiary-educated migration rates."The magnitude of these migration rates suggests that, potentially, emigration can have large impacts on the local labour markets and on the welfare of those who stay behind in the Caribbean countries," it says.It says that the total losses due to skilled migration - which includes the "emigration loss," externality effects, and government expenditure on educating the migrants - outweigh the recorded remittances for the Caribbean region on average, and for almost all the individual Caribbean countries.

http://www.migrationpolicy.org/

Retrieved October 20, 2014: http://www.migrationpolicy.org/

State Immigration Data Profiles:http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/state-immigration-data-profiles

Texas Dept. of Agriculture. Retrieved 10/27/06: http://www.borderag.com/images/border_states_map.jpg

From University of Miami Biology. Retrieved 3/6/06: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/handouts/A.projections.htm#2

Passel, Jeffrey. 2006. Size and Characteristics of the Unauthorized Migrant Population in the U.S.Pew Hispanic Center. Page 4.

Passel, Jeffrey. 2006. Size and Characteristics of the Unauthorized Migrant Population in the U.S.Pew Hispanic Center. Page 5.

Passel, Jeffrey. 2006. Size and Characteristics of the Unauthorized Migrant Population in the U.S.Pew Hispanic Center. Page 10.

Passel, Jeffrey. 2006. Size and Characteristics of the Unauthorized Migrant Population in the U.S.Pew Hispanic Center. Page 11.

Economic impacts of migrants?

Blacks vs. Latinos at WorkMore African-Americans ClaimThey Are Passed OverFor Hispanics in HiringBy MIRIAM JORDAN Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNALJanuary 24, 2006; Page B1

LOS ANGELES -- Donnie Gaut, an African-American with 12 years of warehouse experience, applied for a job in 2002 at Farmer John Meats, a large Los Angeles pork processor. When he was turned down for the position, a job stocking goods that paid $7 an hour, Mr. Gaut decided the problem wasn't his résumé -- it was his race. He filed a complaint with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the federal agency that enforces antidiscrimination laws in the workplace.Last October, the EEOC secured a $110,000 settlement from the company to be shared by Mr. Gaut and six other black applicants who were rejected for production jobs at Farmer John based on their race, according to the agency.The EEOC says it found that the pork packer, owned by Clougherty Packing Co., had been almost exclusively hiring Hispanics for warehouse, packing and production jobs. Clougherty was acquired by Hormel Foods Corp. in 2004.In response to questions, Clougherty Packing said in a statement that settlement of the case "in no way suggests the company did anything wrong." It said the packer wanted to avoid "what would have been costly and protracted litigation."A new wave of race-discrimination cases is appearing in the workplace: African-Americans who feel that they are being passed over for Hispanics.This kind of case marks a shift from years past, when blacks were likely to seek legal action against employers who showed preferential treatment toward whites. The cases highlight mounting tension between Hispanics and blacks as they compete for resources and job opportunities.Recently, the federal agency announced it also secured a $180,000 settlement from Zenith National Insurance Corp., a national workers-compensation specialist, to be divided among 10 blacks who applied for a mailroom job at its headquarters in Woodland Hills, Calif. The job was offered to a Latino man with no mailroom experience, according to the EEOC.Henry Shields, an attorney for Zenith, said the insurance company had adopted EEOC recommendations for improving its hiring practices "as a means of furthering its goals of equal opportunity." Mr. Shields declined to comment on the specifics of the case.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             "There used to be a reluctance to bring cases against other minorities," says Anna Park, the EEOC regional attorney who oversaw both the Zenith and the Farmer John cases. "It's no longer a white-black paradigm. This is a new trend."The situation is exacerbated by strong stereotypes that have set in among some employers about the pluses and minuses of hiring from each pool of minority workers. "There is a perception that Latinos closer to the immigrant experience might work harder than black persons," says Joe Hicks, who is African-American and vice president of Community Advocates, a nonpartisan group that aims to advance interracial dialogue.John Trasvina, vice president for law and policy at the Mexican-American Defense League, an advocacy group that works on civil rights issues, says that some Latinos may be viewed as "preferred applicants." He believes there is a feeling among some employers that Latinos can be exploited because, in their view, they tend to be immigrants who are more likely to accept low wages and be less aware of their rights than blacks. Says Mr. Trasvina: "Employers sometimes pit one group of employees against the other."California -- where Hispanic immigrants have been moving into black working-class pockets of the state's cities for decades -- is at the leading edge of this growing trend. As Latinos migrate eastward, to such states as Louisiana, Georgia and North Carolina, the competition with blacks for blue-collar jobs is likely to grow.Hispanics have become the second-largest population group in the U.S. -- ahead of African-Americans but behind Caucasians -- thanks to the influx of immigrants from Latin America. In some cities, like Los Angeles, collaboration between African-American and Latino leaders is on the rise when it is mutually beneficial.But as Latinos grab the attention of marketers and gain political clout, many African-Americans feel that their influence is waning, and that the decline is disproportionate and unfair.Tension has spilled into the workplace. In New Orleans, city officials have raised concerns that employers are hiring Latino immigrants for low wages to do the hurricane cleanup instead of tapping the native-born, mainly black, work force. Last October, New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin asked local business leaders: "How do I ensure that New Orleans is not overrun by Mexican workers?"Workers from all backgrounds -- whites, blacks, Asians and others -- use networks within their ethnic groups to find employment. Hispanic workers often bring in other family members or people from their neighborhoods or home regions to join them on a job. In sectors like construction, this can be an aid to employers who can tap their workers to help them find a fresh supply of laborers.The flip side is that employers can become vulnerable to lawsuits if it's determined that they have been shutting out qualified applicants based on their race.In the Zenith National Insurance case, Charles Dennis, who applied for a mailroom job he spotted in a newspaper's classified section in 2001, says his interview with a Hispanic manager "went great." He first became suspicious that something wasn't right when, in a follow-up call, the company told him the $10-an-hour position was put on hold.Then, a few weeks later, Mr. Dennis -- who had worked in another large insurer's mailroom -- got a call from an employment agency telling him they had "the perfect job" for him, he recalls. It turned out to be the same position. He says the agency then called back and told him that Zenith "just didn't want to go with me."Mr. Dennis took his case to the EEOC, which began to investigate. It found that Mr. Dennis and several other black applicants with relevant experience were passed over in favor of a Latino candidate, whose previous work amounted to mainly "swabbing decks on aircraft carriers" in the Navy, according to Ms. Park, the EEOC attorney.In the case of Farmer John Meats, the EEOC said that it found that the employer had an all-Hispanic hiring staff and recruited new hires by word of mouth.One of the Latinos hired to work in Farmer John Meats instead of the black candidates had been a gardener, according to Ms. Park. Both discrimination lawsuits were brought against the employers under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The message for employers is that "all individuals deserve to compete for jobs on a level playing field," she says.Write to Miriam Jordan at miriam.jordan@wsj.com1

Policies

• Interdiction• Deportation• Suspension of privileges• Employer sanctions

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Simpson Wiki. Retrieved Oct 10, 2016: http://simpsons.wikia.com/wiki/File:Insert_brain_here_drawing.jpg

Oregon Press Register. Retrieved 10/27/06: http://www.newsregister.com/photos/upload/20050428154454_medium.jpg