Geography of Development.pptx
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Transcript of Geography of Development.pptx
Geography of Economic Development
Geog 1
Group Activity What do you mean by economic
development? What can be an indicator of economic
development? List at least 10 indicators. Rank according to priority. Justify your answer.
Can you show the geographies of development at a global scale? How about at the local scale? Present your answer by illustrating a cognitive map.
Discussion Questions What are the common/different ideas in your
definition and in your list of indicators? Compare and contrast your maps. Do you see a
pattern? Why do you think this is the pattern?
What kinds of relationships are developed between and among countries in a globalized world? How would you characterize them?
What is the position or location of the Philippines in a globalized world? How does it take place? Why is it so?
Why is economic development a geographical process? Illustrate your answer.
What is development? Development - Act/state of improving by
expanding or enlarging or refining ‘Development’ itself is a complex,
contradictory and powerful term that takes on particular meanings in the context of specific intellectual, institutional and political moments. (Lawson, 2007)
Geography of Development
What is (economic) development? Measures how economically, socially,
culturally or technologically advanced a country is.
Economic development - The extent to which a society is making effective use of resources, both human and natural.
Geography of Economic Development
Geography of Economic Development
Geography of Economic Development
Brandt’s Line – 1980 Blue - rich and powerful Global
NorthRed – poor and marginalized Global
South
Uneven Economic Development
GDP Per Capita
HDI
Why does economic development vary from one place to another? For human geographers and other social
scientists, the term development refers to processes of change involving the nature and composition of the economy of a particular region, as well as to increases in the overall prosperity of a region (Knox, Marston & Nash 2004).
Economic Geography What are the economic activities present in a
geographical area (i.e. country, province, city, etc)?
How do spaces and economic activities shape one another?
How and why do economic activities vary from place to place?
How and why do economic activities connect places?
Economic Structure Primary economic activity
Closest contact with natural resources (farming, mining, fishing, forestry)
Secondary: value added (manufacturing) Tertiary: services for primary or secondary
(teaching, designing, advertising, selling, etc.)
Quaternary: information-based services; research and ICT
Geographical divisions of labor; global assembly line; international trading blocs; global offices; global tourism
Economic geographies in a globalizing world
Labor has moved from individual homes (cottage industry) to factories to offices to telecommunications
There has been a large migration from rural to urban areas
Industrialized countries now export labor intensive work to developing nations
Trade alliances have grown in number Specialization of production has grown;
global division of labor
Economic geographies in a globalizing world
Financial service networks and international banks have increased
Products have become internationally assembled instead of everything being made in one location. (ex. vehicles, electronics) – global assembly line
Modern transportation networks that allow for rapid and efficient exchange of goods and services (ex. Federal Express, UPS, US Postal Service) have grown
Widespread marketing of products has increased (ex. Fuji, Nike, etc)
Core-Periphery
Core/MDCs/1st World/Developed Japan USA Europe Australia
Core-Periphery
Periphery/LDCs/3rd World/Developing Sub-Saharan Africa South Asia Southeast Asia Latin America Philippines
Core-Periphery
Semi-Periphery/NICs Taiwan South Korea Hong Kong Singapore
Uneven Economic Development
Global Inequality
Percentage of population in 2003 living below poverty line, by province. Provinces with darker shades have more people living below the poverty line.
End. Questions? Insights? Clarifications? Reactions?
Reflections?
Questions: Think about the use of the terms
‘underdeveloped’ or ‘undeveloped’ to collectively describe poor countries. Do you think these terms are appropriate?
How do you think you would feel about their use if you were a resident of one of the world’s poor countries?
Which is the affluent society?
Hunter-gatherers 3-5 hours per day of work Plenty of free time Desire little No concept of personal
property
Office workers 8 hours a day of work Stressed Fueled by need to
consume Need to accumulate
wealth and property
Group Activity (20 minutes) If the term ‘development’ is applied to
countries, what does it mean? Create a pictionary.
Identify indicators of a country’s development. Group these indicators according to priorities
(high, middle, low). Justify your answer.
Statistics GDP (PPP) $453bn (2006) GDP growth 5.3% (2006) GDP per capita $4,923 (2006) Pop below poverty line 26.3% (2003) Labor force 36.64 million (2006) Labor force by occupation services (48%),
agriculture (36%), industry (16%) (2004) Unemployment 8.4% (2006) Public debt $316.65 billion (69.9% of GDP) Revenues $19.44 billion (2006) Expenses $21.38 billion (2006) Economic aid recipient. ODA, $2.0 billion (2002)
Why do developing countries face obstacles to development?
Development through self-sufficiency Problems: Inefficiency; Large bureaucracy
Development through international trade Uneven distribution of resources Comparative advantage
Financing development Loans; foreign direct investments
(In Rubenstein, 1999)
Faces of Globalization
Economic (WTO) Cultural (PCD) Geopolitical (APEC) Environmental
(Wastes) Technological
(Internet) Demographic (OFWs) Criminal (Terrorism)
What has the globalization of the economy (the creation of a single, integrated market) brought to different people, places, and landscapes?
Better life for many (or some)
Efficiency
Increased inequality Unfair trade Imperialistic WB/IMF - debt
Guide Questions What is development? Where are more and less developed countries
distributed? Why does development vary among
countries? Why do less developed countries face
obstacles to development? What are the effects of the globalization of
economy to different people, places and landscapes?