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ContentDebate ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

Water quality and availability ................................................................................................................. 3

Sources of the water ........................................................................................................................... 3

Climate change........................................................................................................................................ 4

Case study ............................................................................................................................................... 4

India .................................................................................................................................................... 4

Floods in India ..................................................................................................................................... 5

Climate change? ...................................................................................................................................... 6

Final opinion ............................................................................................................................................ 6

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................ 7

Illustrations ............................................................................................................................................. 7

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DebateI think that water quality and availability will cause a positive impact on global warming as

water is the main source of heat retain in the atmosphere. As evaporated water is exposed

to the atmosphere retaining the heat released by the reflecting infra-red light from theEarths surface, a low availability of this water on Earth will cause a decrease in the

atmospheric humidity leading to a decrease in Global warming.

Water quality and availabilityWater quality refers to the chemical and physical properties of water; this refers to the

amount of bacteria living in it. These bacteria could be harmful as well as healthy for the

people who consume this type of water.

Sources of the water

Figure 1: Water sources Pie chart

As we can see in the pie chart, the amount of drinkable fresh water on Earth is as low as

%2.5. You probably thought that as the Earth is full of water, the humans will never become

Salt Water,

97.50%

Fresh Water,

2.50%

Lakes/Rivers,

0.30%

Ice, 68.90%

Underground,

30.00%

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extinct from water scarcity, but the truth is that water scarcity is becoming more and more

sever yeas the years pass. Water availability refers to the waters scarcity in the area; it

means the number of people that have access to fresh drinkable water. In some cases

people have a good access to water but the water they have access to be poor quality

leading to evolving diseases between the people who consume it.

Climate changeYou have probably heard about Global warming already. Global warming is the heating of

the planet, caused by the Greenhouse gases release on Earth due to different activities such

as transport, fossil fuels, methane emissions, deforestation, waste release and water

contamination, etc. Greenhouse gases are gases that retain heat in the atmosphere. When

released to the atmosphere, the light comes through them but when heat and the light

bounce off, they are trapped in this gases and cause the planet to heat up.

Another problem is climate change; climate change refers to seasons getting longer or

shorter and the temperatures in that season becoming more extreme. For example a Winter

that was 12 C becoming 20c the next year. This changes in climate affect very drastically

the vegetation and cause animals to migrate and adapt in other locations.

The heat absorbed from the sunlight by the Greenhouse gases may vary depending on

where most Greenhouse gases molecules are located. Countries that release most gases will

become the warmest. The link between global warming and climate change is obvious.

When the temperatures increase the water in the zone evaporates faster making that place

become dryer. Also the evaporation affects biodiversity living down rivers and in jungles;

this causes vegetation to die out. Whole Biomes may change their conditions causing

animals to migrate to find new homes.

Case study

India

1 in 8 people worldwide do not have access to

safe and clean drinking water. A country that

faces lots of water scarcity and availability

problems is India. The GDP in India is $3,800

(2012 est.). Its population is 1,220,800,359 (July

2013 est.). Most of Indias population is from

Figure 2: India Map

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years 25 to 54 and the least is 55 and over meaning that India has a high young death rate.

The Birth rate in India is almost triple the death rate causing a high population increase

which leads to a higher resource exploitation for survival.

20.24 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)

7.39 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

India faces water scarcity across many parts of the country; its a fact that 22 out of 32

Indias big cities face water problems. A fast

growing economy and a large agricultural sector

have stretched the supply of water. More than

%80 of the available water for India is used for

farming and agriculture while less than %10 of

drinkable water is left for the population.

Experts are sure that this water crisis is due to

the mismanagement of the water resources, as

a correct management would be to make more

drinking water available for the population and

less available for farming. In Varanasi, a city

located in the north east of India, the local

residents are blocking the road Pilikothi in order

to protest against water scarcity.

Floods in IndiaThere have been several massive floods in India. Some

of them include the Bihar floods, Lehi floods 2010,

Guajarati floods 2005 and the Mumbai floods in the

2005 as well. These floods relate to water scarcity and

availability as the floods after big dry seasons, do not

absorb into the soil causing the water to be stationary

for weeks and even months. As Indias population faces

several water scarcity problems, the people who are

flooded are tempted by the harmful flood water. This

water contains lots of diseases and unsafe bacteria

which will put people who drink it in danger. Apart frombeing dirty water, the diseases brought by this water

Figure 3: Diarrhea cause

Figure 4: Indian kid drinking poor qualitywater

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cause illnesses like Diarrhoea, Arsenicosis, Cholera, Fluorosis which every year kill about

600,000 Indian children caused by an unsafe water source. Its even ironic that in

Cherranpunji, one of the rainiest places in the world, there is a struggle to find safe

drinkable water especially in the dry season. Half of the water supply in rural areas, where

2/3 of Indias population lives, is usuallycontaminated with toxic bacteria. The employmentrate has significantly declined in India due to the difficulties factories face to obtain fresh

water. According to a recent World Bank report, most major Indian cities will run dry by

2020 unless policy-makers make significant changes in water resource management. The

amount of available water in India will affect the amount of vapour in Indias atmosphere.

Climate change?As the amount available of water in India will decrease, the amount of evaporation will

decrease too causing less infrared heat retained in the atmosphere which will lead to a

positive impact on global warming. The

decrease of water availability will also

decrease the amount of factories that are

able to buy water in order to produce,

leading to a reduction in the amount of

carbon dioxide emitted from those

factories. The decrease in water vapour as

well as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

will decrease the rate of global warming.

Final opinionI think that a decrease in Indias water availability will lead to a reduction of water vapour

emissions which will decrease the heat retained in the atmosphere causing a positive impact

on global warming. The poor water quality in India will lead to factories not being able to

operate which will cause a reduction in CO2 emissions, and this will also decrease the

amount of heat retained in the atmosphere causing a positive impact on global warming

too. Therefore I think that the bad water quality and low water availability will have a

positive impact on global warming.

Figure 6: Explanation of the Greenhouse effect

Figure 5: CO2 emission picture

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BibliographyBureau of Asia Research. Indias Water Crisis: Causes and Cures.13 August 2013.

http://www.nbr.org/research/activity.aspx?id=356 (accessed March 25, 2014).

Dash, The times of India- Dipak Kumar. 22 of India's 32 big cities face water crisis.9 September 2013.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/22-of-Indias-32-big-cities-face-water-

crisis/articleshow/22426076.cms (accessed March 25, 2014).

EPA- Climate Change. Water Resources.9 September 2013.

http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts-adaptation/water.html (accessed March 25,

2014).

EPA- Ground Water and Ecosystems Restoration Research. Water Quality and Availability.14 August

2012. http://www.epa.gov/ada/cc/wateravailability.html (accessed March 25, 2014).

EPA- Water: Climate Change and Water. Water Impacts of Climate Change.13 March 2014.http://water.epa.gov/scitech/climatechange/Water-Impacts-of-Climate-Change.cfm

(accessed March 25, 2014).

. Water quality.17 March 2014. http://water.epa.gov/scitech/climatechange/Water-Quality.cfm

(accessed March 25, 2014).

EPA- Water: Sustainable Infrastructure. Water Availability.11 March 2013.

http://water.epa.gov/infrastructure/sustain/availability_wp.cfm (accessed March 2014, 25).

Snyder, The water promise- Shannyn. WATER IN CRISIS - INDIA.n.d.

http://thewaterproject.org/water-in-crisis-india.asp (accessed March 25, 2014).

Unicef- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene. Common water and sanitation-related diseases.17 June

2013. http://www.unicef.org/wash/index_wes_related.html (accessed March 25, 2014).

Wikipedia. Water activity.24 February 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_availability

(accessed March 25, 2014).

. Water quality.23 March 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_quality (accessed March 25,

2014).

IllustrationsFigure 1: Water sources Pie chart ........................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2: India Map ................................................................................................................................. 4

Figure 3: Diarrhea cause ......................................................................................................................... 5

Figure 4: Indian kid drinking poor quality water ..................................................................................... 5

Figure 5: CO2 emission picture ............................................................................................................... 6

Figure 6: Explanation of the Greenhouse effect ..................................................................................... 6

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