Geography and the United States - Fayette County Public...
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Geography
and the United
StatesChapter 1
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geography The study of our physical surroundings and how humans interact with them.
Often geography is used to mean the physical surroundings themselves, such as “the geography of the US.”
People who study geography care called geographers.
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climate Aspects of
weather, such as
temperature,
rainfall, and wind
that are measured
over time in an
area.
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globe
A sphere that is a
model Earth and
most accurately
represents it.
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latitude An imaginary line
called a parallel that circles Earth from west to east.
Parallels of latitude measure in degrees how far north or south of the equator a place on Earth is located.
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longitude An imaginary line called a meridian that runs from the North Pole to the South Pole.
A meridian of longitude measures in degrees how far east or west of the prime meridian a place on Earth is located.
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geographic terms
A word that names
a landform or body
of water.
Examples of
geographic terms
include bay, sea,
peninsula, and
island.
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physical features A part of Earth’s
surface that is a landmass or a body of water.
Physical features of the United States include the Rocky Mountains, the Mississippi River, and the Great Plains.
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compass
A tool or instrument
for finding
directions by first
locating north.
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compass rose
A circle showing
the principal
directions printed
on a map or chart.
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Northern Hemisphere
The half of the
earth that is north
of the equator.
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Southern Hemisphere
The half of the
earth that is south
of the equator.
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Eastern Hemisphere
The half of the
earth that contains
Europe, Africa,
Asia, and Australia.
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Western Hemisphere
The half of the
earth that contains
the Americas.
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continents
Any of the world's main continuous expanses
of land (Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia,
Europe, North America, South America).
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oceans
A very large expanse of sea, in particular,
each of the main areas into which the
sea is divided geographically: "the
Atlantic Ocean".
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landforms
A physical feature
of Earth’s surface
such as a mountain
or a plain.
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mountain range
A line of mountains
connected by high
ground.
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source
A place, person, or
thing from which
something comes
or can be
obtained
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valley
A low area of land
between hills or
mountains,
typically with a
river or stream
flowing through it.
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mouth
The place where
the river empties
into another body
of water.
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river
A large natural
stream of water
flowing in a
channel to the sea,
a lake, or another
stream.
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cape
A narrow piece of
land that projects
from a coastline
into the sea.
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plain
A large area of flat
land with few trees.
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bay
A broad inlet of the
sea where the land
curves inward.
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peninsula
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island
A piece of land
surrounded by
water.
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lake
A large body of water
surrounded by land: "boys were
swimming in the lake".
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delta
A triangular tract of
sediment
deposited at the
mouth of a river.
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tributary
A river or stream
flowing into a
larger river or lake.
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gulf
A deep inlet of the
sea almost
surrounded by
land, with a narrow
mouth.
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sea The expanse of salt
water that covers most of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet.
Typically, seas are partially enclosed by land.
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lowlands
Low-lying country