Geographical Basics Scales Space Place Borders Networks Globalization Environment/Society Relations...
-
Upload
maurice-crabb -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
3
Transcript of Geographical Basics Scales Space Place Borders Networks Globalization Environment/Society Relations...
Geographical Basics
• Scales• Space • Place• Borders • Networks• Globalization• Environment/Society
Relations• Cultural Landscapes
• Economic Development
• Agriculture• Population and
Migration• Cultural Geographies• Identity and Gender• Power• Geopolitics
Scales in Geography
1. Global
2. World-regional (e.g. North America)
3. State (e.g. United States)
4. Regional (e.g. American West
5. Metropolitan Region (e.g. Denver Metro)
6. Locality (e.g. Boulder)
7. Neighborhood (e.g. the “Hill’)
8. Household: Gender relations, Age relations
9. Personal: Body/Emotions/Identity/Spirituality
1
2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Pyramid Model
Scale Relations
1. 1. Horizontal linkages
2. Vertical linkages
3. Jumping Scales
E. EuropeW. Europe
Russia Central Asia
S.E. AsiaChina/E. Asia
Middle EastS. Asia
AfricaMexico,
Central America and Caribbean
North America
Regional Linkages
South America
World Trade Organization
Vertical Linkages
State of Colorado
US Governnment
City of Boulder
Horizontal Municipal Linkages
Dushanbe, Tajikistan
World Trade Organization
State of Colorado
US Government
City of BoulderJalapa, Nicaragua
Jumping Scales
Myanmar
Dushanbe, Tajikistan
World Trade Organization
US Governnment
State of Colorado
City of Boulder
Chiapas
Jumping Scalesthe Boomerang Effect
Govs of Germany,
FranceSpainEtc.
Cleveland
Government Of
Mexico
San Cristobal de las Casas
Space
• Absolute or abstract space: space as a container
• Social or relative space: space produced through social interaction. Societies produce space and space, in turn, produces societies.
• Public space: space made available by the government or by private groups for political or leisurely activity.
Place
• A portion of geographical space occupied by a person or thing, and thus given meaning.
• Place is constructed out of interconnected processes operating at all scales, but which come together in a unique configuration at a particular location.
Borders
• Political borders:• National • Municipal
• Human borders:• Societal/Ethnic/Racial: Difference• Personal
• Absolute borders/barriers• Permeable borders/barriers
• Do Borders Still Matter?
Networks
• The Geography of Orange Juice– Things as networks– Places as networks– Spaces as networks
Networks
Preview Slides
• The following slides were not shown in the introduction and you do not need to be responsible for them on the first midterm; however, they give a preview of what is to come in the remainder of the course
Globalization
• Increasing connectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political and cultural change.
Tim
e / Cost
YEAR1800 1900 2000
Time Lag
Cost
Communication Convergence
Environment-Society Relations
•Environmental Determinism
EnvironmentSociety
•Cultural Landscape
SocietyEnvironment
•Probably some of both
Environment Society
Development
• The process by which a society goes about realizing its potential. Long history of politically charged interpretations
• Different approaches to development– Economic Development
– Social Development
– Sustainable Development
– Alternative Development
– Contrast with Uneven Development
Migration
• Push Factors: – Conditions that cause people to leave their area
• Pull Factors: – Conditions that attract people to another
location
Culture and Identity
• The individual expression of a culture or multiplicity of cultures
• how one person associates or distinguishes his or herself in the context of existing cultures– National identity
– Ethnicity or Race
– Religion
– Gender identity
• Multiple interlocking identities
Gender
• Social elaboration of sex-based differences
• How do gendered social relations vary over space and time?
• how are these implicated in the making of place and spaces at different scales?– Household -State– Community -Global
Power
• The real or presumed ability of a person, group or institution to exert force or influence, to make others do their bidding
• Relations of power
• “Relations of rule”
• At all scales
Geopolitics
• the study of control over territory, of power over the earth and the peoples on it.
• Nation
• State
• Nationalism
• Local
• Regional
• International
• Transnational
• Supranational
Geopolitics scales
Resistance
• Social activism
• Revolution: armed/violent
• Scott: “Weapons of the Weak”
• Changing scalar relations of resistance